帮助命令

docker version  # 显示docker的版本信息
docker info  #显示docker的系统信息
docker 命令 --help  # 万能命令

镜像命令

docker images

列出所有容器的仓库来源，标签，ID，创建时间，大小

可选项

Name, shorthand	Default	Description
`--all` , `-a`		Show all images (default hides intermediate images)
`--digests`		Show digests
`--filter` , `-f`		Filter output based on conditions provided
`--format`		Pretty-print images using a Go template
`--no-trunc`		Don’t truncate output
`--quiet` , `-q`		Only show image IDs

根据名字或标签列出镜像

# docker images 镜像名/标签[:版本]
docker images centos:latest

docker search

搜索镜像

docker search mysql
docker search mysql --limit 5

可选项

Name, shorthand	Default	Description
`--filter` , `-f`		Filter output based on conditions provided
`--format`		Pretty-print search using a Go template
`--limitr`	25	Max number of search results
`--no-trunct`		Don’t truncate output

docker pull

下载镜像

# docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
docker pull mysql
# 打印如下
Using default tag: latest  # 如果不写，tag默认为latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
a10c77af2613: Pull complete   # 分层下载，docker images的核心 联合文件系统
b76a7eb51ffd: Pull complete
258223f927e4: Pull complete
2d2c75386df9: Pull complete
63e92e4046c9: Pull complete
f5845c731544: Pull complete
bd0401123a9b: Pull complete
3ef07ec35f1a: Pull complete
c93a31315089: Pull complete
3349ed800d44: Pull complete
6d01857ca4c1: Pull complete
4cc13890eda8: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:aeecae58035f3868bf4f00e5fc623630d8b438db9d05f4d8c6538deb14d4c31b  # 签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest  # 真实地址

注意：mac m1没有mysql镜像没使用如下命令即可

docker pull --platform linux/x86_64 mysql

tag是版本号，默认是’latest '，即最新版，可以指定版本下载：

docker pull mysql:5.7

docker rmi

删除镜像，-f表示强制删除

docker rmi -f e6a0117ec169  # 通过ID删除
docker rmi -f 容器id 容器id  # 删除多个
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)  # 全部删除

容器命令

有镜像才可以创建容器

先下载一个centos镜像

docker pull centos

docker run

运行一个容器

可选参数非常多，下面列出常用的

Name, shorthand	Default	Description
`--name`		容器名字
`--detach` , `-d`		后台方式运行
`--interactive` , `-i`		交互方式运行
`--tty` , `-t`		为容器重新分配一个伪输入终端，通常与 -i 同时使用；
`--publish` , `-p`		指定容器端口，主机端口:容器端口，如8080:8080
`--publish-all` , `-P`		随机指定端口
`--env` , `-e`		设置环境变量
`--volume` , `-v`		数据卷挂载
`--rm`		退出容器时自动删除，一般测试的时候使用

测试运行一个centos

test@testdeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@4f61dc24a89a /]#

docker ps

列出容器

docker ps  # 列出正在运行的容器
docker ps -a  # 列出正在运行的容器和历史运行过的容器
docker ps -n=?  # 最近创建的n个容器
docker ps -q  # 只显示容器编号

结果如下

test@testdeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                          PORTS     NAMES
4f61dc24a89a   centos    "/bin/bash"   2 minutes ago   Exited (0) About a minute ago             gifted_tereshkova
1f79c5cbf344   centos    "/bin/bash"   4 days ago      Exited (255) 47 hours ago                 centos1

docker rm

删除容器

docker rm 容器id  # 删除指定容器，不能删除正在运行的容器
docker rm -f 容器id  # 强制删除指定容器，可删除正在运行的容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)  # 删除所有容器

启动/停止/退出

docker start 容器id
docker restart 容器id
docker stop 容器id
docker kill 容器id

退出容器

exit  # 停止并退出容器
ctrl + p + q  # 容器不停止退出

其他常用命令

后台启动

docker run -d centos

上面这种方式，发现centos停止了运行。因为docker容器使用后台运行，必须有一个前台进程，docker发现，没有应用，就会自动停止。使用docker run -it -d centos，其中 -it就是前台应用。

docker logs

查看日志

docker logs [options] 容器ID

options:

Name, shorthand	Default	Description
`--details`		Show extra details provided to logs
`--follow` , `-f`		Follow log output
`--since`		Show logs since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
`--tail` , `-n`	`all`	Number of lines to show from the end of the logs
`--timestamps` , `-t`		Show timestamps
`--until`		API 1.35+ Show logs before a timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)

比如：

docker logs -tf --tail 10 8db2ecb06e9d

docker top

查看容器进程信息

docker top 容器ID

docker inspect

查看容器元信息

docker inspect 8db2ecb06e9d
# 包含容器信息，如完整ID，挂载，网络信息等
[
    {
        "Id": "8db2ecb06e9dac6ca503309cdb2214cccf48e3afc739dae2261c5c9503f87896",
        "Created": "2021-11-27T02:32:16.337485884Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 2077,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-11-27T02:32:16.526287176Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:e6a0117ec169eda93dc5ca978c6ac87580e36765a66097a6bfb6639a3bd4038a",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/8db2ecb06e9dac6ca503309cdb2214cccf48e3afc739dae2261c5c9503f87896/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/8db2ecb06e9dac6ca503309cdb2214cccf48e3afc739dae2261c5c9503f87896/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/8db2ecb06e9dac6ca503309cdb2214cccf48e3afc739dae2261c5c9503f87896/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/8db2ecb06e9dac6ca503309cdb2214cccf48e3afc739dae2261c5c9503f87896/8db2ecb06e9dac6ca503309cdb2214cccf48e3afc739dae2261c5c9503f87896-json.log",
        "Name": "/optimistic_cerf",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3d09d6dad1162af25c63c5fffe7701a923a703d9bcf76970c6ae4fd38502c37b-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/92c05e645000fce43a6680ce205c154dcb870178d3eb63487dd410802e45fc78/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3d09d6dad1162af25c63c5fffe7701a923a703d9bcf76970c6ae4fd38502c37b/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3d09d6dad1162af25c63c5fffe7701a923a703d9bcf76970c6ae4fd38502c37b/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3d09d6dad1162af25c63c5fffe7701a923a703d9bcf76970c6ae4fd38502c37b/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "8db2ecb06e9d",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "79ad5f94eea2304ff998a4ed3bbb950778bc62de585e8f35683ff07cc28c67f3",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/79ad5f94eea2",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "e61868a744567379d8e8762c86e8ef358ab687cd228a5983b0977bda8b21661b",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "db82cd6e917deefa753ca81a9334ba4e17f76332ce7121edffab97f65a42c4d7",
                    "EndpointID": "e61868a744567379d8e8762c86e8ef358ab687cd228a5983b0977bda8b21661b",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

docker exec

进入当前正在运行容器，比如一些后台运行的容器，进入并修改一些配置

docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash

Docker attach

也是进入正在运行的容器

docker attach -it 容器id

没有-it选项。与exec区别：exec进入后打开一个新的终端，attach进入容器正在运行的终端，不会启动新的进程。

docker cp

从容器内拷贝文件到主机

docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的的主机路径

拷贝是一个手动过程，后面学习数据卷挂载，可以实现容器内和主机文件同步。

命令大全总结

在这里插入图片描述

docker（2）：docker常用命令

目录