云原生之深入解析MySQL在K8S环境中部署与监控

news2024/12/26 21:04:02

一、准备工作

MySQL是一个关系型数据库管理系统，由瑞典 MySQL AB 公司开发，属于 Oracle 旗下产品。MySQL 是最流行的关系型数据库管理系统之一，在 WEB 应用方面，MySQL 是最好的 RDBMS (Relational Database Management System，关系数据库管理系统) 应用软件之一。
本文主要分析 mysql 如何部署在 k8s 上，mysql 部署在 k8s 上的优势主要有以下几点：
- 资源隔离；
- 动态弹性扩缩容；
- 环境一致性；
- 运维方便。
MySQL 的使用，可以参考：MySQL官方文档。
MySQL 的原理大致如下：

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部署的大致流程如下：

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二、添加源

helm repo add bitnami https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami
helm pull bitnami/mysql
tar -xf mysql-9.3.3.tgz

三、修改配置

修改 mysql/values.yaml：

...

image:
  registry: myharbor.com
  repository: bigdata/mysql
  tag: 8.0.30-debian-11-r15

...

architecture: replication

...

primary:
  persistence:
    enabled: true
    size: 10Gi
    storageClass: "mysql-local-storage"
    # 目录需要提前在宿主机上创建
    local:
    - name: mysql-0
      host: "local-168-182-110"
      path: "/opt/bigdata/servers/mysql/data/data1"
  service:
    type: NodePort
    nodePorts:
      mysql: "30306"

secondary:
  replicaCount: 2
  persistence:
    enabled: true
    size: 10Gi
    storageClass: "mysql-local-storage"
    # 目录需要提前在宿主机上创建
    local:
    - name: mysql-1
      host: "local-168-182-111"
      path: "/opt/bigdata/servers/mysql/data/data1"
    - name: mysql-2
      host: "local-168-182-112"
      path: "/opt/bigdata/servers/mysql/data/data1"
  service:
    type: NodePort
    nodePorts:
      mysql: "30307"

...

metrics:
  ## @param metrics.enabled Start a side-car prometheus exporter
  ##
  enabled: true
  image:
    registry: myharbor.com
    repository: bigdata/mysqld-exporter
    tag: 0.14.0-debian-11-r33

添加 mysql/templates/pv.yaml：

{{- range .Values.primary.persistence.local }}
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: {{ .name }}
  labels:
    name: {{ .name }}
spec:
  storageClassName: {{ $.Values.primary.persistence.storageClass }}
  capacity:
    storage: {{ $.Values.primary.persistence.size }}
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  local:
    path: {{ .path }}
  nodeAffinity:
    required:
      nodeSelectorTerms:
        - matchExpressions:
            - key: kubernetes.io/hostname
              operator: In
              values:
                - {{ .host }}
---
{{- end }}

{{- range .Values.secondary.persistence.local }}
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: {{ .name }}
  labels:
    name: {{ .name }}
spec:
  storageClassName: {{ $.Values.secondary.persistence.storageClass }}
  capacity:
    storage: {{ $.Values.secondary.persistence.size }}
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  local:
    path: {{ .path }}
  nodeAffinity:
    required:
      nodeSelectorTerms:
        - matchExpressions:
            - key: kubernetes.io/hostname
              operator: In
              values:
                - {{ .host }}
---
{{- end }}

添加 mysql/templates/storage-class.yaml：

kind: StorageClass
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: {{ .Values.primary.persistence.storageClass }}
provisioner: kubernetes.io/no-provisioner

四、开始安装

# 创建持久化目录
mkdir -p /opt/bigdata/servers/mysql/data/data1

# 先准备好镜像
docker pull docker.io/bitnami/mysql:8.0.30-debian-11-r15
docker tag docker.io/bitnami/mysql:8.0.30-debian-11-r15 myharbor.com/bigdata/mysql:8.0.30-debian-11-r15
docker push myharbor.com/bigdata/mysql:8.0.30-debian-11-r15

# mysqld-exporter
docker pull docker.io/bitnami/mysqld-exporter:0.14.0-debian-11-r33
docker tag docker.io/bitnami/mysqld-exporter:0.14.0-debian-11-r33 myharbor.com/bigdata/mysqld-exporter:0.14.0-debian-11-r33
docker push myharbor.com/bigdata/mysqld-exporter:0.14.0-debian-11-r33

# 开始安装
helm install mysql ./mysql -n mysql --create-namespace

NAME: mysql
LAST DEPLOYED: Mon Sep 19 23:57:18 2022
NAMESPACE: mysql
STATUS: deployed
REVISION: 1
TEST SUITE: None
NOTES:
CHART NAME: mysql
CHART VERSION: 9.3.3
APP VERSION: 8.0.30

** Please be patient while the chart is being deployed **

Tip:

  Watch the deployment status using the command: kubectl get pods -w --namespace mysql

Services:

  echo Primary: mysql-primary.mysql.svc.cluster.local:3306
  echo Secondary: mysql-secondary.mysql.svc.cluster.local:3306

Execute the following to get the administrator credentials:

  echo Username: root
  MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=$(kubectl get secret --namespace mysql mysql -o jsonpath="{.data.mysql-root-password}" | base64 -d)

To connect to your database:

  1. Run a pod that you can use as a client:

      kubectl run mysql-client --rm --tty -i --restart='Never' --image  myharbor.com/bigdata/mysql:8.0.30-debian-11-r15 --namespace mysql --env MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD --command -- bash

  2. To connect to primary service (read/write):

      mysql -h mysql-primary.mysql.svc.cluster.local -uroot -p"$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD"

  3. To connect to secondary service (read-only):

      mysql -h mysql-secondary.mysql.svc.cluster.local -uroot -p"$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD"



To access the MySQL Prometheus metrics from outside the cluster execute the following commands:

    kubectl port-forward --namespace mysql svc/mysql-metrics 9104:9104 &
    curl http://127.0.0.1:9104/metrics

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查看 pod 状态：

kubectl get pods,svc -n mysql -owide

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五、Prometheus 监控

Prometheus：

https://prometheus.k8s.local/targets?search=mysql

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可以通过命令查看采集数据：

kubectl get --raw http://10.244.0.74:9104/metrics
kubectl get --raw http://10.244.1.125:9104/metrics
kubectl get --raw http://10.244.2.178:9104/metrics

Grafana：

https://grafana.k8s.local/

账号：admin，密码通过下面命令获取：

kubectl get secret --namespace grafana grafana -o jsonpath="{.data.admin-password}" | base64 --decode ; echo

导入 grafana 模板，集群资源监控：7362，官方模块下载地址：

https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/

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六、卸载

helm uninstall mysql -n mysql

kubectl delete pod -n mysql `kubectl get pod -n mysql |awk 'NR>1{print $1}'` --force
kubectl patch ns mysql -p '{"metadata":{"finalizers":null}}'
kubectl delete ns mysql --force