目录
一、上传镜像
1.1 新建目录
1.2 上传至glance
1.3 查看镜像
二、新建实例
2.1 获取秘钥
2.2 新建实例
2.3 新建实例admin-vm
2.4 获取实例VNC的url
2.5 nova常用命令
一、上传镜像
1.1 新建目录
上传名为cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img的Linux测试镜像，cirros镜像通常用来做测试用，仅12M大小，方便测试。
新建用于存放镜像的目录，此处如果wget失败需要在宿主机下载后用xftp传入虚拟机/opt/images目录。
source /root/keystonerc_admin
mkdir /opt/images
cd /opt/images
wget https://download.cirros-cloud.net/0.3.4/cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img1.2 上传至glance
上传至glance服务，glance image-create --name cirros-0.3.4-x86_64 --disk-format qcow2 --container-format bare --file /opt/images/cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img --visibility public --progress
命令解释：
--name 镜像名称
--disk-format 镜像的磁盘格式,支持：ami, ari, aki, vhd, vmdk, raw, qcow2, vdi，iso 格式
--container-format 镜像容器格式，支持：ami, ari, aki, bare, ovf 格式
--file 镜像路径
--visibility 镜像是否可以被公共访问，此处设置为公共镜像
--progress 显示上传进度条
[root@openstack images(keystone_admin)]# glance image-create --name cirros-0.3.4-x86_64 --disk-format qcow2 --container-format bare --file /opt/images/cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img --visibility public --progress
[=============================>] 100%
+------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+------------------+--------------------------------------+
| checksum | ee1eca47dc88f4879d8a229cc70a07c6 |
| container_format | bare |
| created_at | 2023-06-07T13:38:26Z |
| disk_format | qcow2 |
| id | 041c0a42-adc2-4694-b932-7f01ae198919 |
| min_disk | 0 |
| min_ram | 0 |
| name | cirros-0.3.4-x86_64 |
| owner | 5de5c5079f4147a69f330e9ce20c7f1b |
| protected | False |
| size | 13287936 |
| status | active |
| tags | [] |
| updated_at | 2023-06-07T13:38:26Z |
| virtual_size | None |
| visibility | public |
+------------------+--------------------------------------+1.3 查看镜像
使用 glance image-list 查看镜像列表或通过通过仪表盘查看，上传glance成功。不要使用 nova image-list，该命令已弃用。
[root@openstack ~(keystone_admin)]# glance image-list
+--------------------------------------+---------------------+
| ID | Name |
+--------------------------------------+---------------------+
| 5955b3dc-00b3-4dec-b21a-a9605275faf2 | cirros |
| 041c0a42-adc2-4694-b932-7f01ae198919 | cirros-0.3.4-x86_64 |
+--------------------------------------+---------------------+
创建实例之前必须指定实例类型、镜像名、网络、安全组、密钥、实例名
查看可用实例类型 nova flavor-list ，默认五种类型
[root@openstack ~(keystone_admin)]# nova flavor-list
+----+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+-------------+
| ID | Name | Memory_MB | Disk | Ephemeral | Swap | VCPUs | RXTX_Factor | Is_Public | Description |
+----+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+-------------+
| 1 | m1.tiny | 512 | 1 | 0 | | 1 | 1.0 | True | - |
| 2 | m1.small | 2048 | 20 | 0 | | 1 | 1.0 | True | - |
| 3 | m1.medium | 4096 | 40 | 0 | | 2 | 1.0 | True | - |
| 4 | m1.large | 8192 | 80 | 0 | | 4 | 1.0 | True | - |
| 5 | m1.xlarge | 16384 | 160 | 0 | | 8 | 1.0 | True | - |
+----+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+-------------+
查看可用网络 neutron net-list，默认一个公共网，一个内部网，外部网络表示与其他项目共用该网络。
[root@openstack ~(keystone_admin)]# neutron net-list
neutron CLI is deprecated and will be removed in the future. Use openstack CLI instead.
+--------------------------------------+---------+----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| id | name | tenant_id | subnets |
+--------------------------------------+---------+----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| 39bf56a4-68a8-4f9c-af56-b7bf788a5c45 | public | 5de5c5079f4147a69f330e9ce20c7f1b | 4bdac25f-a68e-4ef5-b638-c7f9500957ce 172.24.4.0/24 |
| 639cf33e-3ced-45a7-9d1e-542cd5aec015 | private | 2e506aef614242ee8f5fe824fdf74226 | 2034ab92-5372-47f5-89b0-88d17f9b26d2 10.0.0.0/24 |
+--------------------------------------+---------+----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
查看安全组 openstack security group list，不要使用 nova secgroup-list，该命令已弃用。
[root@openstack images(keystone_admin)]# openstack security group list
+--------------------------------------+---------+------------------------+----------------------------------+
| ID | Name | Description | Project |
+--------------------------------------+---------+------------------------+----------------------------------+
| 18102e48-6a05-4901-ae9e-a0d43647a9f3 | default | Default security group | |
| ec20a954-0572-428f-87a3-4916318fcadc | default | Default security group | 2e506aef614242ee8f5fe824fdf74226 |
| f18bcb15-5573-4dd1-8de5-c201b5472ceb | default | Default security group | 5de5c5079f4147a69f330e9ce20c7f1b |
+--------------------------------------+---------+------------------------+----------------------------------+
二、新建实例
2.1 获取秘钥
获取密钥admin-key，获取后重启虚拟机秘钥仍然存在，秘钥跟账户是绑定的。
source /root/keystonerc_admin
nova keypair-add admin-key
openstack keypair list
[root@openstack images(keystone_admin)]# openstack keypair list
+-----------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Name | Fingerprint |
+-----------+-------------------------------------------------+
| admin-key | c0:83:d6:02:35:39:a9:6e:a0:4e:46:5a:52:af:3d:ec |
+-----------+-------------------------------------------------+查看nove列表，nova list，此时没有实例。
[root@openstack ~(keystone_admin)]# nova list
+----+------+--------+------------+-------------+----------+
| ID | Name | Status | Task State | Power State | Networks |
+----+------+--------+------------+-------------+----------+
+----+------+--------+------------+-------------+----------+
2.2 新建实例
查看网络id，此处我使用的就是public网络，提前复制id号39bf56a4-68a8-4f9c-af56-b7bf788a5c45。
[root@openstack ~(keystone_admin)]# neutron net-list
neutron CLI is deprecated and will be removed in the future. Use openstack CLI instead.
+--------------------------------------+---------+----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| id | name | tenant_id | subnets |
+--------------------------------------+---------+----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+
| 39bf56a4-68a8-4f9c-af56-b7bf788a5c45 | public | 5de5c5079f4147a69f330e9ce20c7f1b | 4bdac25f-a68e-4ef5-b638-c7f9500957ce 172.24.4.0/24 |
| 639cf33e-3ced-45a7-9d1e-542cd5aec015 | private | 2e506aef614242ee8f5fe824fdf74226 | 2034ab92-5372-47f5-89b0-88d17f9b26d2 10.0.0.0/24 |
+--------------------------------------+---------+----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------+2.3 新建实例admin-vm
nova boot --flavor m1.tiny --image cirros-0.3.4-x86_64 --nic net-id=39bf56a4-68a8-4f9c-af56-b7bf788a5c45 --security-group default --key-name admin-key admin-vm
命令解释：
--flavor 实例类型
--image 镜像名，必须先上传至glance服务，通过 glance image-list 查看镜像列表
--nic 使用网络，net-id= 填写网络id号
-security-group 安全组
--key-name 选择秘钥
admin-vm 实例名，可随意取
[root@openstack images(keystone_admin)]# nova boot --flavor m1.tiny --image cirros-0.3.4-x86_64 --nic net-id=39bf56a4-68a8-4f9c-af56-b7bf788a5c45 --security-group default --key-name admin-key admin-vm
+--------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+--------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
| OS-DCF:diskConfig | MANUAL |
| OS-EXT-AZ:availability_zone | |
| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:host | - |
| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:hostname | admin-vm |
| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:hypervisor_hostname | - |
| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:instance_name | |
| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:kernel_id | |
| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:launch_index | 0 |
| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:ramdisk_id | |
| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:reservation_id | r-1x8lssuk |
| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:root_device_name | - |
| OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:user_data | - |
| OS-EXT-STS:power_state | 0 |
| OS-EXT-STS:task_state | scheduling |
| OS-EXT-STS:vm_state | building |
| OS-SRV-USG:launched_at | - |
| OS-SRV-USG:terminated_at | - |
| accessIPv4 | |
| accessIPv6 | |
| adminPass | uirGY9o8kaL6 |
| config_drive | |
| created | 2023-06-07T15:54:32Z |
| description | - |
| flavor:disk | 1 |
| flavor:ephemeral | 0 |
| flavor:extra_specs | {} |
| flavor:original_name | m1.tiny |
| flavor:ram | 512 |
| flavor:swap | 0 |
| flavor:vcpus | 1 |
| hostId | |
| host_status | |
| id | b5f47588-196a-40d6-a52b-7f2cd371f417 |
| image | cirros-0.3.4-x86_64 (041c0a42-adc2-4694-b932-7f01ae198919) |
| key_name | admin-key |
| locked | False |
| metadata | {} |
| name | admin-vm |
| os-extended-volumes:volumes_attached | [] |
| progress | 0 |
| security_groups | default |
| status | BUILD |
| tags | [] |
| tenant_id | 5de5c5079f4147a69f330e9ce20c7f1b |
| updated | 2023-06-07T15:54:32Z |
| user_id | a6ecc9dfabd04180947bfad72c67e5d4 |
+--------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
查看实例列表nova list
[root@openstack images(keystone_admin)]# nova list
+--------------------------------------+----------+--------+------------+-------------+--------------------+
| ID | Name | Status | Task State | Power State | Networks |
+--------------------------------------+----------+--------+------------+-------------+--------------------+
| b5f47588-196a-40d6-a52b-7f2cd371f417 | admin-vm | ACTIVE | - | Running | public=172.24.4.17 |
+--------------------------------------+----------+--------+------------+-------------+--------------------+
还可以通过virsh list查看
[root@localhost images(keystone_admin)]# virsh list
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
1 instance-00000001 running还可以通过仪表盘查看
2.4 获取实例VNC的url
实例新建成功，那么如何进入新建的实例呢？需要获取实例VNC的url ，nova get-vnc-console admin-vm novnc，每次使用该命令都会刷新url，url刷新后旧的url就会失效，实例重启后也需要重新获取url。
[root@openstack images(keystone_admin)]# nova get-vnc-console admin-vm novnc
+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Type | Url |
+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| novnc | http://192.168.136.56:6080/vnc_auto.html?token=6d463d80-8e49-4100-8cdf-f10d5fc94af2 |
+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
拿到url后再浏览器输入即可进入实例的一个终端，进入后需要等待大概5分钟，才会出现“cirrors login:”表示实例正式启动成功，cirros镜像根据提示，账号名为cirros，密码为cubswin:)。
若出现Failed connect to server(code:1006)报错
查看是否实例是否启动，实例状态必须为ACTIVE，我遇到过两次实例自动关机的状况，最后发现是内存不足导致，推荐内存至少10G。
如果实例开机还是不行，添加hosts并重启nova服务
vi /etc/hosts
192.168.136.56 openstack #添加，注意是主机名，如果你的主机名不是openstack，自行更改，保证可以ping通主机名就可以
source /etc/hosts
systemctl restart openstack-nova-compute.service
[root@openstack ~(keystone_admin)]# ping openstack
PING openstack (192.168.136.56) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from openstack (192.168.136.56): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.034 ms
64 bytes from openstack (192.168.136.56): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.035 ms除了使用url登录还以直接通过仪表盘的“控制台”直接控制实例。
2.5 nova常用命令
nova list #查看虚拟机
nova show [vm-name]或[vm-id] #查看虚拟机详细信息
nova reboot (--hard) [vm-name]或[vm-id] #硬重启实例，失败可以添加属性--hard，强制硬重启
nova start [vm-name]或[vm-id] #启动虚拟机
nova stop [vm-name]或[vm-id] #关闭虚拟机
nova suspend [vm-name]或[vm-id] #暂停虚拟机
nova resume [vm-name]或[vm-id] #启动暂停的虚拟机
nova delete [vm-name]或[vm-id] #删除虚拟机
openstack compute service list #查看nova相关服务
