clickhouse初探

背景

目前公司用的是influxdb来存储时序数据，但是influxdb太坑了·，查一天的数据就开始内存猛涨，然后就炸了，查询语句也不适应。因此调研了tdengine，还把influxdb和tdengine做了性能对比。
结果嘛，首先tdengine确实比influxdb快，内存也不会暴涨，sql用着也顺手，但是tdengine集群模式才刚起步。很多问题得不到解答，社区不活跃，建了几个微信群，有问题都是在群里猛问，人家也不一定回答。感觉有点小家子气，谁整天关注群消息啊···
总之，最后哪个也没选，凑合着用吧先，倒是服务器扩容了，算是解决了问题。
最近又看到了clickhouse，用来分析用户画像之类的不错，就学一学，探探路。
之所以写这篇文章，实在是遇到了几个新手会遇到的坑，所以来分享下，希望能让你也少走点弯路。同时，我也是新学的，内容比较浅显····

照着官网安装、测试都没有问题，就是坑在了用java连接上。

一、远程连接

我在虚拟机上装的CH，在本机测试，不可避免的，要配置下允许远程连接，很多软件都有这个。
配置软件目录是：/etc/clickhouse-server/config.xml
正确的配置方法如下：
在这里插入图片描述

这两个不动，把上面那个:: 注释去掉
    <listen_host>::1</listen_host>
    <listen_host>127.0.0.1</listen_host>
其实可以看到注释上说，这两个是默认的value，分别对应IPv4 and IPv6的ip。

改成:: ,即可listen所有ip，当然改成装机的ip更好

修改后重启即可
systemctl restart clickhouse-server.service

可以通过查看端口来验证：
修改前：
lsof -i :8123
COMMAND       PID       USER   FD   TYPE     DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
clickhous 2901438 clickhouse   53u  IPv6 2962808809      0t0  TCP localhost:8123 (LISTEN)
clickhous 2901438 clickhouse   55u  IPv4 2962808813      0t0  TCP localhost:8123 (LISTEN)

可以看到IPv4 and IPv6 都是绑定的localhost

curl 'http://localhost:8123/'
Ok.
curl 'http://192.168.1.100:8123/'
curl: (7) Failed to connect to 192.168.1.100 port 8123: 拒绝连接

通过localhost查询就可以，通过ip就不行。
修改后就可以了
lsof -i :8123
COMMAND       PID       USER   FD   TYPE     DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
clickhous 2923409 clickhouse   58u  IPv6 2963328449      0t0  TCP *:8123 (LISTEN)

curl 'http://192.168.1.100:8123/'
Ok.

如果不配置，代码中的错误大概是：
com.clickhouse.client.ClickHouseException: 拒绝连接 (Connection refused)

如果重启失败，比如：

systemctl start clickhouse-server.service
Job for clickhouse-server.service failed because the service did not take the steps required by its unit configuration.
See "systemctl status clickhouse-server.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.

可以查看启动日志：/var/log/clickhouse-server/clickhouse-server.err.log
我就遇到了错误：
Address already in use: [::]:9000

这是因为我装了hadoop，把9000占用了。把端口改为9001即可，
客户端连接的时候指定一下端口：

clickhouse-client --port 9001

还有的错误是Address already in use: [::]:8123
这就奇怪了，lsof明明没有查到，那是因为上回启动CH失败后，CH并不会就直接失败了，停了。而是一直启动中的状态

systemctl status clickhouse-server.service
● clickhouse-server.service - ClickHouse Server (analytic DBMS for big data)
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/clickhouse-server.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: activating (auto-restart) (Result: protocol) since Sun 2023-06-25 10:34:54 CST; 22s ago
 Main PID: 2903753

所以需要先把CH stop，然后再start

这里说一下CH占用的端口：

    <!-- Port for HTTP API. See also 'https_port' for secure connections.
         This interface is also used by ODBC and JDBC drivers (DataGrip, Dbeaver, ...)
         and by most of web interfaces (embedded UI, Grafana, Redash, ...).
      -->
    <http_port>8123</http_port>

    <!-- Port for interaction by native protocol with:
         - clickhouse-client and other native ClickHouse tools (clickhouse-benchmark, clickhouse-copier);
         - clickhouse-server with other clickhouse-servers for distributed query processing;
         - ClickHouse drivers and applications supporting native protocol
         (this protocol is also informally called as "the TCP protocol");
         See also 'tcp_port_secure' for secure connections.
    -->
    <tcp_port>9000</tcp_port>

    <!-- Compatibility with MySQL protocol.
         ClickHouse will pretend to be MySQL for applications connecting to this port.
    -->
    <mysql_port>9004</mysql_port>

    <!-- Compatibility with PostgreSQL protocol.
         ClickHouse will pretend to be PostgreSQL for applications connecting to this port.
    -->
    <postgresql_port>9005</postgresql_port>

    <!-- HTTP API with TLS (HTTPS).
         You have to configure certificate to enable this interface.
         See the openSSL section below.
    -->
    <!-- <https_port>8443</https_port> -->

    <!-- Native interface with TLS.
         You have to configure certificate to enable this interface.
         See the openSSL section below.
    -->
    <!-- <tcp_port_secure>9440</tcp_port_secure> -->

    <!-- Native interface wrapped with PROXYv1 protocol
         PROXYv1 header sent for every connection.
         ClickHouse will extract information about proxy-forwarded client address from the header.
    -->
    <!-- <tcp_with_proxy_port>9011</tcp_with_proxy_port> -->

    <!-- Port for communication between replicas. Used for data exchange.
         It provides low-level data access between servers.
         This port should not be accessible from untrusted networks.
         See also 'interserver_http_credentials'.
         Data transferred over connections to this port should not go through untrusted networks.
         See also 'interserver_https_port'.
      -->
    <interserver_http_port>9009</interserver_http_port>

8123是http的端口，9000是tcp的端口
java的客户端是用的http协议，因此要用8123，
clickhouse-client用的是tcp协议，因此默认是9000

mysql，postgresql的端口用于，用mysql等连接CH，例如：

mysql --protocol tcp -u default -P 9004

二、java连接

java连接有很多种api，网上搜一搜，大概有三种

官方的：

https://github.com/ClickHouse/clickhouse-java

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.clickhouse</groupId>
    <!-- or clickhouse-grpc-client if you prefer gRPC -->
    <artifactId>clickhouse-http-client</artifactId>
    <version>0.4.6</version>
</dependency>

据说以前是ru.yandex.clickhouse，现在已经不再更新了，目前（2023年6月25日）就是com.clickhouse

还有第三方的比如：
https://github.com/housepower/ClickHouse-Native-JDBC
https://github.com/blynkkk/clickhouse4j

反正都是对CH提供的各种协议接口进行了封装抽象。

这里只说一下官网的api：

Java client
JDBC Driver
R2DBC Driver

java client是基础层，JDBC 和 R2DBC是构建于 client之上的，JDBC是同步的，R2DBC是异步的。性能来说当然是client更好

先看下官网的client例子：
在这里插入图片描述
这个例子其实是有点坑的，且不说下面query的例子语法有点奇怪的问题，上面那个url其实不需要加jdbc:ch://，加了反而报错

16:13:07.163 [ClickHouseScheduler-1] DEBUG com.clickhouse.client.ClickHouseNode - Failed to probe localhost:0
java.net.ConnectException: connect: Address is invalid on local machine, or port is not valid on remote machine

调试了半天也没找到为啥会连接localhost:0。忽然看到代码中有一行
ClickHouseClient client = ClickHouseClient.newInstance(ClickHouseProtocol.HTTP);
既然是http协议，那会不会是jdbc开头了，它识别不出来？，改回http开头，果然，一下就成功了。
这里贴一下运行成功的代码，官网的connect方法也过时了，改成了read


import com.clickhouse.client.*;
import com.clickhouse.data.ClickHouseFormat;
import com.clickhouse.data.ClickHouseRecord;


public class CHClientTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClickHouseException {
        ClickHouseNodes servers = ClickHouseNodes.of(
                "http://192.168.1.100:8123/tutorial"
                        + "?load_balancing_policy=random&health_check_interval=5000&failover=2");
        ClickHouseClient client = ClickHouseClient.newInstance(ClickHouseProtocol.HTTP);

        ClickHouseResponse response = client.read(servers) // or client.connect(endpoints)
                // you'll have to parse response manually if using a different format
                .format(ClickHouseFormat.RowBinaryWithNamesAndTypes)
                .query("select * from numbers(:limit)")
                .params(1000).executeAndWait();
        ClickHouseResponseSummary summary = response.getSummary();
        long totalRows = summary.getTotalRowsToRead();
        for (ClickHouseRecord r : response.records()) {
            int num = r.getValue(0).asInteger();
            System.out.println(num);
        }

    }
}

再看下jdbc的例子：
在这里插入图片描述
这里只需要改下getConnection的密码，默认情况下，CH的用户就是default，密码是空字符串

贴一下代码


import com.clickhouse.client.ClickHouseException;
import com.clickhouse.jdbc.ClickHouseDataSource;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.Properties;

public class CHJDBCTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClickHouseException, SQLException {


        String url = "jdbc:ch://192.168.1.100:8123/tutorial"; // use http protocol and port 8123 by default
// String url = "jdbc:ch://my-server:8443/system?ssl=true&sslmode=strict&&sslrootcert=/mine.crt";
        Properties properties = new Properties();
// properties.setProperty("ssl", "true");
// properties.setProperty("sslmode", "NONE"); // NONE to trust all servers; STRICT for trusted only
        ClickHouseDataSource dataSource = new ClickHouseDataSource(url, new Properties());
        try (Connection conn = dataSource.getConnection("default", "");
             Statement stmt = conn.createStatement()) {
            ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM tutorial.visits_v1");
            while (rs.next()) {
                System.out.println(rs.getBigDecimal(1));
            }
        }
    }
}

顺便一提，try后面的小括号，叫做try-with-resources机制，将实现了 java.lang.AutoCloseable 接口的资源定义在 try 后面的小括号中，无论 try 块是正常结束仍是异常结束，这个资源都会被自动关闭。
try 小括号里面的部分称为 try-with-resources 块。编译器自动帮我们生成了finally块，并且在里面调用了资源的close方法。

好了，至此总结完毕，有新的收获再回来更新（flag一定要立）