【Exception】 Java Lambda List转换Map报错 触发异常 IllegalStateException: Duplicate key
一、问题描述
在使用Java8 lambda 将List转换为Map时,遇到报错:IllegalStateException- Duplicate key ....
具体报错信息如下:
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Duplicate key com.runcode.springboottourist.lambda.ListToMap2$Person@4fccd51b
at java.util.stream.Collectors.lambda$throwingMerger$0(Collectors.java:133)
at java.util.HashMap.merge(HashMap.java:1245)
at java.util.stream.Collectors.lambda$toMap$58(Collectors.java:1320)
at java.util.stream.ReduceOps$3ReducingSink.accept(ReduceOps.java:169)
at java.util.ArrayList$ArrayListSpliterator.forEachRemaining(ArrayList.java:1374)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:481)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:471)
at java.util.stream.ReduceOps$ReduceOp.evaluateSequential(ReduceOps.java:708)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.evaluate(AbstractPipeline.java:234)
at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.collect(ReferencePipeline.java:499)
at com.runcode.springboottourist.lambda.ListToMap2.demoExp(ListToMap2.java:41)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:26)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:69)
at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:33)
at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:235)
at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:54)
二、代码复现
1、定义一个普通的 Person 类
static class Person{
private Integer id ; //Id
private String name ; // 名称
private String gender; // 性别, 1:男;0:女
// ignore getter / setter
}
2、初始化数据
final List<Person> list = Lists.newArrayList();
@Before
public void init(){
list.add(new Person( 1,"小明","1"));
list.add(new Person(2,"小红","0"));
list.add(new Person(3,"小花","0"));
System.out.println("初始化数据完成,list.size="+list.size());
}
3、模拟异常复现
/**
* Description: 演示 IllegalStateException: Duplicate key 异常
* @return void
* @version v1.0
* @author wu
* @date 2022/12/5 15:52
*/
@Test
public void demoExp() throws Exception {
final Map<String, Person> map = list.stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(Person::getGender, v -> v));
System.out.println(map);
}
三、问题解决
1、原因:
在使用lambda进行 list转换为map过程中,遇到 key重复的情况下,就会抛出异常 IllegalStateException- Duplicate key ...
2、解决:使用 Collectors.toMap 重载的 mergeFunction 方法 解决
@Test
public void fixToMapExp() throws Exception {
// 办法一: 若冲突,保留前者
final Map<String, Person> map = list.stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(Person::getGender, v -> v, (v1, v2) -> v1));
System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(map));
// 办法二:若冲突,保留后者
final Map<String, Person> map2 = list.stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(Person::getGender, Function.identity(), (v1, v2) -> v2));
System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(map2));
}
四、总结
1、在使用 lambda 进行list转换map时,要注意 可能会出现key重复的情况,日常开发中,使用 Collectors.toMap 重载的 mergeFunction 方法 ,可以从源头上避免 key 重复的情况。
2、也可以使用 Collectors.groupingBy 方法,直接转换为 对应的 List ,根据实际需求灵活处理即可。
@Test
public void fixGrouping() throws Exception {
final Map<String, List<Person>> map = list.stream().collect(Collectors.groupingBy(Person::getGender));
System.out.println("按照 gender 分组:" + JSON.toJSONString(map));
final Map<String, Map<String, Person>> map2 = list.stream().collect(Collectors.groupingBy(Person::getGender, Collectors.toMap(Person::getName, v -> v)));
System.out.println("按照 gender 分组 map2 :" + JSON.toJSONString(map2));
}
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