🔻一、知道密码情况–修改root密码

⛳ 1.1 方式1：alter 命令修改

• 🍁 通过alter user root identified by '新密码';

mysql> use mysql;

mysql>  alter user root@'localhost' identified by 'Zyl@123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql>

⛳ 1.2 方式2：set password命令修改

• 🍁 通过set password for 用户名@'用户地址' = '新密码';

mysql> use mysql;

mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost' = 'Zyl@123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> 

🔻二、忘记密码情况-修改root密码

⛳ 2.1 方式1：--init-file选项启动mysql

2.1.1 🎈 停止mysql服务

[root@db-server ~]# systemctl stop mysqld
[root@db-server ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Wed 2023-06-07 11:11:00 CST; 51min ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 2450 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
  Process: 2426 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 2450 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
   Status: "Server shutdown complete"
    Error: 13 (Permission denied)

Jun 07 11:11:00 db-server systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Jun 07 11:11:00 db-server systemd[1]: mysqld.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
Jun 07 11:11:00 db-server systemd[1]: Failed to start MySQL Server.
Jun 07 11:11:00 db-server systemd[1]: Unit mysqld.service entered failed state.
Jun 07 11:11:00 db-server systemd[1]: mysqld.service failed.
[root@db-server ~]# 

2.1.2 🎈 创建mysql-init-file.txt文件

[root@db-server home]# touch init-file
[root@db-server home]# vi init-file
[root@db-server home]# cat init-file 

alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'Zyl@123321';

[root@db-server home]# pwd
/home
[root@db-server home]# 

2.1.3 🎈 init-file的权限（最好赋权一下）

[root@db-server home]# chmod 777 init-file
[root@db-server home]# chown mysql:mysql init-file
[root@db-server home]# ll
total 4
-rwxrwxrwx 1 mysql mysql 58 Jun  7 15:56 init-file
[root@db-server home]# 

2.1.3 🎈 使用–init-file选项启动mysql服务

###启动命令####
mysqld --init-file=/home/init-file --user=mysql &

[root@db-server ~]# mysqld --init-file=/home/init-file --user=mysql &
[1] 1983
[root@db-server ~]# 

2.1.4 🎈 新密码连接测试（密码：Zyl@123321）

mysql -u root -pZyl@123321

2.1.5 🎈停止init-file启动的mysql进程并正常启动

[root@db-server home]# ps -ef | grep mysql
mysql      1983      1  1 16:28 ?        00:00:13 mysqld --init-file=/home/init-file --user=mysql
root       2104   2048  0 16:50 pts/1    00:00:00 systemctl start mysqld
mysql      2134      1  1 16:50 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/mysqld
root       2150   2048  0 16:50 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql
[root@db-server home]# kill -9 1983

####正常启动mysql###
[root@db-server home]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@db-server home]# systemctl status mysqld

2.1.5 🎈 登录之后即可在mysql命令行修改为其他常用密码（此时知道密码情况–修改root密码）

• 🍁 通过alter user root identified by '新密码';

mysql> use mysql;

mysql>  alter user root@'localhost' identified by 'Zyl@123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> 


mysql>

• 🍁 通过set password for 用户名@'用户地址' = '新密码';

mysql> use mysql;

mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost' = 'Zyl@123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> 

⛳ 2.2 方式2：使用skip-grant-tables 参数，跳过授权验证

• --skip-grant-tables：跳过授权表认证
• --skip-networking：加了跳过授权表选项后所有的人都可以无密码登录，这是很不安全的，此选项不监听网络，防止恶意登录。

2.2.1 🎈 停止mysql服务

[root@db-server ~]# systemctl stop mysqld

2.2.2 🎈 通过--skip-grant-tables 参数启动mysql服务

[root@db-server ~]# sudo mysqld --skip-grant-tables --user=mysql &
[1] 2531
[root@db-server ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 8.0.32 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

2.2.3 🎈 或者通过my.cnf 文件配置skip-grant-tables 参数启动mysql服务

注：修改完密码之后，去除该参数--以便保障数据库安全性。

[root@db-server ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf

####添加内容：
skip-grant-tables

• 启动mysql

[root@db-server home]# systemctl start mysqld

• 🍁 通过alter user root identified by '新密码';

mysql> use mysql;

mysql>  alter user root@'localhost' identified by 'Zyl@123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> 


mysql>

• 🍁 通过set password for 用户名@'用户地址' = '新密码';

mysql> use mysql;

mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost' = 'Zyl@123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> 

注：修改完密码之后，去除 skip-grant-tables 参数--以便保障数据库安全性。

🔻三、总结—温故知新

❓ 本篇文章详细介绍了在linux中忘记mysql的root用户密码修改步骤。
❓ 温馨提示：不管是工作中，还是学习中，要养成备份的习惯，不要觉得太麻烦，或者觉得没必要，不要存在侥幸心理。
❓ 人有的时候总觉得很多事可以偷懒，但是有时候又要为自己的偷懒付出更大的代价。

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