Git概述
Git是一个开源的分布式版本控制系统,可以有效、高速地处理从很小到非常大的项目版本管理。 也是
Linus Torvalds
为了帮助管理Linux内核开发而开发的一个开放源码的版本控制软件;分布式相比于集中式的最大区别在于开发者可以提交到本地,每个开发者通过克隆(git clone),在本地机器上拷贝一个完整的Git仓库。
Git常用命令
命令名称 | 作用 |
---|---|
git config --global user.name 用户名 | 设置用户签名 |
git congfig --global user.email 邮箱 | 设置用户邮箱 |
git init | 初始化本地库 |
git status | 查看本地库状态 |
git add 文件名 | 添加到缓存区 |
git commit -m “日志信息” 文件名 | 提交到本地库 |
git reflog | 查看历史记录 |
git reset --hard 版本号 | 版本穿梭 |
工作区(写代码) == git add ==》 暂存区(临时存储) == git commit == 》 本地库(历史版本)
设置用户签名/邮箱
ws199@DESKTOP-2N1I9JA MINGW64 ~/Desktop
$ git config --global user.name weishuo
ws199@DESKTOP-2N1I9JA MINGW64 ~/Desktop
$ git config --global user.email weishuo@weishuo.com
初始化本地库——git init
ws199@DESKTOP-2N1I9JA MINGW64 /d/GIT/Git-Space/git.demo
$ git init
Initialized empty Git repository in D:/GIT/Git-Space/git.demo/.git/
ws199@DESKTOP-2N1I9JA MINGW64 /d/GIT/Git-Space/git.demo (master)
$
查看本地库状态——git status
ws199@DESKTOP-2N1I9JA MINGW64 /d/GIT/Git-Space/git.demo (master)
$ git status
On branch master #当前本地库分支位置
No commits yet #目前没有文件要提交
nothing to commit (create/copy files and use "git add" to track) #未提交,且无文件提交
ws199@DESKTOP-2N1I9JA MINGW64 /d/GIT/Git-Space/git.demo (master)
$ git status
On branch master
No commits yet
Untracked files:
(use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
hello.txt
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
添加暂存区——git add
git add 文件名 |
---|
ws199@DESKTOP-2N1I9JA MINGW64 /d/GIT/Git-Space/git.demo (master)
$ git add hello.txt
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in hello.txt.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory
ws199@DESKTOP-2N1I9JA MINGW64 /d/GIT/Git-Space/git.demo (master)
$ git status
On branch master
No commits yet
Changes to be committed:
(use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage)
new file: hello.txt
文件删除暂存区——rm --cached
rm --cached 文件名 |
---|
#删除暂存区,仍然存在工作区
ws199@DESKTOP-2N1I9JA MINGW64 /d/GIT/Git-Space/git.demo (master)
$ git rm --cached hello.txt
rm 'hello.txt'
提交本地库——git commit -m
将暂存区文件提交到本地库
git commit -m “日志信息” 文件名 |
---|
ws199@DESKTOP-2N1I9JA MINGW64 /d/GIT/Git-Space/git.demo (master)
$ git commit -m "first commit" hello.txt
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in hello.txt.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory
[master (root-commit) 26da280] first commit
1 file changed, 7 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 hello.txt
ws199@DESKTOP-2N1I9JA MINGW64 /d/GIT/Git-Space/git.demo (master)
$ git status
On branch master
nothing to commit, working tree clean
查看版本信息——git reflog
ws199@DESKTOP-2N1I9JA MINGW64 /d/GIT/Git-Space/git.demo (master)
$ git reflog
26da280 (HEAD -> master) HEAD@{0}: commit (initial): first commit
#版本号 版本
查看版本详细信息——git log
ws199@DESKTOP-2N1I9JA MINGW64 /d/GIT/Git-Space/git.demo (master)
$ git log
commit 26da28016adaee50fc76b4be71fbf2b4b3fda929 (HEAD -> master)
Author: weishuo <weishuo@weishuo.com>
Date: Tue Apr 12 21:53:00 2022 +0800
first commit
版本穿梭——git reset --hard 版本号
ws199@DESKTOP-2N1I9JA MINGW64 /d/GIT/Git-Space/git.demo (master)
$ git reset --hard ffce8cd
HEAD is now at ffce8cd second commit
ws199@DESKTOP-2N1I9JA MINGW64 /d/GIT/Git-Space/git.demo (master)
$ git reflog
ffce8cd (HEAD -> master) HEAD@{0}: reset: moving to ffce8cd
534cbd3 HEAD@{1}: commit: third commit
ffce8cd (HEAD -> master) HEAD@{2}: commit: second commit
26da280 HEAD@{3}: commit (initial): first commit
分支的操作
命令名称 | 作用 |
---|---|
git branch 分支名 | 创建分支 |
git branch -v | 查看当前分支 |
git checkout 分支名 | 切换分支 |
git merge 分支名 | 把指定的分支合并到当前分支上 |
查看当前分支——git branch -v
ws199@DESKTOP-2N1I9JA MINGW64 /d/GIT/Git-Space/git.demo (master)
$ git branch -v
* master 534cbd3 third commit
创建分支——git branch 分支名
ws199@DESKTOP-2N1I9JA MINGW64 /d/GIT/Git-Space/git.demo (master)
$ git branch hot-fix
ws199@DESKTOP-2N1I9JA MINGW64 /d/GIT/Git-Space/git.demo (master)
$ git branch -v
hot-fix 534cbd3 third commit
* master 534cbd3 third commit
切换分支——git checkout 分支名
ws199@DESKTOP-2N1I9JA MINGW64 /d/GIT/Git-Space/git.demo (master)
$ git checkout hot-fix
Switched to branch 'hot-fix'
ws199@DESKTOP-2N1I9JA MINGW64 /d/GIT/Git-Space/git.demo (hot-fix)
$
ws199@DESKTOP-2N1I9JA MINGW64 /d/GIT/Git-Space/git.demo (hot-fix)
$ git branch -v
* hot-fix 534cbd3 third commit
master 534cbd3 third commit
合并分支——git merge 分支名
ws199@DESKTOP-2N1I9JA MINGW64 /d/GIT/Git-Space/git.demo (master)
$ git merge hot-fix
Updating 534cbd3..017517e
Fast-forward
hello.txt | 13 +++----------
1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)
合并分支(冲突合并)
检测有文件有两处修改
显示冲突
ws199@DESKTOP-2N1I9JA MINGW64 /d/GIT/Git-Space/git.demo (master)
$ git merge hot-fix
Auto-merging hello.txt
CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in hello.txt
Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.
ws199@DESKTOP-2N1I9JA MINGW64 /d/GIT/Git-Space/git.demo (master|MERGING)
$
ws199@DESKTOP-2N1I9JA MINGW64 /d/GIT/Git-Space/git.demo (master|MERGING)
$ git status
On branch master
You have unmerged paths.
(fix conflicts and run "git commit")
(use "git merge --abort" to abort the merge)
Unmerged paths:
(use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
both modified: hello.txt
no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
冲突合并
# 1.查看冲突代码
ws199@DESKTOP-2N1I9JA MINGW64 /d/GIT/Git-Space/git.demo (master|MERGING)
$ vim hello.txt
# <<<< HEAD 当前分支代码
# <<<< HEAD 当前分支代码 =======
# ======= 合并分支代码 >>>>>>> hot-fix
#删除特殊符号 以及 重复代码
#2.添加到暂存区
ws199@DESKTOP-2N1I9JA MINGW64 /d/GIT/Git-Space/git.demo (master|MERGING)
$ git add hello.txt
#3.提交本地库(不能带文件名)
ws199@DESKTOP-2N1I9JA MINGW64 /d/GIT/Git-Space/git.demo (master|MERGING)
$ git commit -m "marge test"
fatal: cannot do a partial commit during a merge.
#4.切换分支查看
ws199@DESKTOP-2N1I9JA MINGW64 /d/GIT/Git-Space/git.demo (master)
$ git checkout hot-fix
Switched to branch 'hot-fix'
#冲突合并,合并当前分支,不合并被合并分支
# head ---> master(分支内容)--->版本号
# HEAD决定当前分支
Git团队协作
命令名称 | 作用 |
---|---|
git remote -v | 查看当前所有进程地址别名 |
git remote add 别名 远程地址 | 起别名 |
git push 别名 分支 | 推送本地分支上的内容到远程仓库 |
git push 远程地址 分支 | 推送本地分支上的内容到远程仓库 |
git clone 远程地址 | 将远程仓库的内容克隆到本地 |
git pull 远程库地址别名 远程分支名 | 将远程仓库对于分支最新内容拉下来后与当前本地分支直接合并 |
git push -f 远程库地址别名 远程分支名 | 强制推送 |
创建远程库别名
git remote -v #查看当前所有进程地址别名
git remote add 别名 远程地址 #起别名
ws199@DESKTOP-2N1I9JA MINGW64 /d/GIT/Git-Space/git.demo (hot-fix)
$ git remote -v
ws199@DESKTOP-2N1I9JA MINGW64 /d/GIT/Git-Space/git.demo (hot-fix)
$ git remote add git.demo https://github.com/weishuoHH/git-demo.git
ws199@DESKTOP-2N1I9JA MINGW64 /d/GIT/Git-Space/git.demo (hot-fix)
$ git remote -v
git.demo https://github.com/weishuoHH/git-demo.git (fetch)
git.demo https://github.com/weishuoHH/git-demo.git (push)
推送本地分支上的内容到远程仓库
git push 别名 分支 #推送本地分支上的内容到远程仓库
ws199@DESKTOP-2N1I9JA MINGW64 /d/GIT/Git-Space/git.demo (master)
$ git push git.demo master
Enumerating objects: 21, done.
Counting objects: 100% (21/21), done.
Delta compression using up to 16 threads
Compressing objects: 100% (14/14), done.
Writing objects: 100% (21/21), 1.55 KiB | 792.00 KiB/s, done.
Total 21 (delta 4), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
remote: Resolving deltas: 100% (4/4), done.
To https://github.com/weishuoHH/git-demo.git
* [new branch] master -> master
拉取远程库到本地库
git pull 远程库地址别名 远程分支名
$ git pull git@gitee.com:wei-shuo-red/travel.git master --allow-unrelated-histories
ws199@DESKTOP-2N1I9JA MINGW64 /d/GIT/Git-Space/git.demo (master)
$ git pull git.demo master
remote: Enumerating objects: 5, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (5/5), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done.
remote: Total 3 (delta 1), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
Unpacking objects: 100% (3/3), 649 bytes | 64.00 KiB/s, done.
From https://github.com/weishuoHH/git-demo
* branch master -> FETCH_HEAD
b129c29..d40c0cd master -> git.demo/master
Updating b129c29..d40c0cd
Fast-forward
hello.txt | 1 +
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
克隆远程库到本地库
git clone 远程地址 将远程仓库的内容克隆到本地
clone操作:
1.拉取代码
2.初始化本地库
3.创建别名
ws199@DESKTOP-2N1I9JA MINGW64 /d/GIT/Git-lhc
$ git clone https://github.com/weishuoHH/git-demo.git
Cloning into 'git-demo'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 27, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (27/27), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (14/14), done.
remote: Total 27 (delta 6), reused 20 (delta 4), pack-reused 0
Receiving objects: 100% (27/27), done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (6/6), done.
ws199@DESKTOP-2N1I9JA MINGW64 /d/GIT/Git-lhc
$ ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 1 ws199 197609 0 Apr 17 14:27 git-demo/
#创建别名
ws199@DESKTOP-2N1I9JA MINGW64 /d/GIT/Git-lhc/git-demo (master)
$ git remote -v
origin https://github.com/weishuoHH/git-demo.git (fetch)
origin https://github.com/weishuoHH/git-demo.git (push)
GitHub免密登录
生成ssh免密登录命令 -t "以某种加密算法登录 -C "描述
ws199@DESKTOP-2N1I9JA MINGW64 ~
$ ssh-keygen.exe -t rsa -C weishuoHH@weishuo.com
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/c/Users/ws199/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/c/Users/ws199/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /c/Users/ws199/.ssh/id_rsa
Your public key has been saved in /c/Users/ws199/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:CVIbj1aIxRUz8t0m7WXpzBqwJ6RzNHze+B5dd5Jyiwk weishuoHH@weishuo.com
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 3072]----+
| +=o*. |
| ..oO = o . |
| . = o O = + |
| o . = X O . |
| S E B O +|
| o + O ++|
| + + .|
| . . |
| . |
+----[SHA256]-----+
ws199@DESKTOP-2N1I9JA MINGW64 ~
$
#通过ssh拉去远程库代码
ws199@DESKTOP-2N1I9JA MINGW64 /d/GIT/Git-Space/git.demo (master)
$ git pull git@github.com:weishuoHH/git-demo.git master
The authenticity of host 'github.com (20.205.243.166)' can't be established.
ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:+DiY3wvvV6TuJJhbpZisF/zLDA0zPMSvHdkr4UvCOqU.
This key is not known by any other names
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? y
Please type 'yes', 'no' or the fingerprint: yes
Warning: Permanently added 'github.com' (ED25519) to the list of known hosts.
From github.com:weishuoHH/git-demo
* branch master -> FETCH_HEAD
Already up to date.