Abstract: "ROS is primarily targeted at the Ubuntu , though other Linux systems as well as Mac OS X, Android, and Windows are supported to varying degrees. "
一、系统要求
ROS版本 | 系统版本 | 长期支持 |
---|---|---|
ROS Kinetic Kame | Wily: ++amd64、i386++ Xenial: ++amd64、i386、armhf、arm64++ | 2021.04 |
ROS Melodic Morenia | Artful: ++amd64++ Bionic: ++amd64、armhf、arm64++ | 2023.05 |
ROS Noetic Ninjemys | Focal: ++amd64、armhf、arm64++ | 2025.05 |
二、ROS镜像源配置
1.设置ROS源
sudo sh -c '. /etc/lsb-release && echo "deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ros/ubuntu/ `lsb_release -cs` main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ros-latest.list'
2.下载安装秘钥
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver 'hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80' --recv-key C1CF6E31E6BADE8868B172B4F42ED6FBAB17C654
3.确保您的Debian软件包索引是最新的:
sudo apt-get update
三、安装ROS对应版本
根据Ubuntu系统版本选择对应的ROS版本安装,对应的ROS版本安装方式如下:
(一)ROS Kinetic(Ubuntu 16.04)
1.下面三种安装方式,选择其中一种即可:
(1)桌面完整版(推荐): 包含ROS、rqt、rviz、机器人通用库、2D/3D 模拟器、导航以及2D/3D感知
sudo apt-get install ros-kinetic-desktop-full
(2)桌面版安装: 包含ROS、rqt、rviz以及通用机器人函数库
sudo apt-get install ros-kinetic-desktop
(3)基础版安装: (简版) 包含ROS核心软件包、构建工具以及通信相关的程序库,无GUI工具。
sudo apt-get install ros-kinetic-ros-base
2.初始化 rosdep
# 卸载官方的rosdep
sudo apt-get purge python-rosdep
sudo apt-get purge python-rosdistro
# 删除下载的20-default.list
sudo rm -rf /etc/ros/rosdep/sources.list.d/20-default.list
# 下载国内的rosdep
wget http://119.29.41.151:1080/GrantLi/rosdep/uploads/35cf1afb1107970c1ec78dbf5ef6663b/rosdep-0.22.1-py2-none-any.whl
# 下载国内的rosdistro
wget http://119.29.41.151:1080/GrantLi/rosdistro-python/uploads/35ef18efc558999d4c4e32015eebc20b/rosdistro-0.9.0-py2-none-any.whl
# 安装rosdistro
sudo pip install rosdistro-0.9.0-py2-none-any.whl
# 安装rosdep
sudo pip install rosdep-0.22.1-py2-none-any.whl
# 初始化 rosdep
sudo rosdep init
rosdep update
- 环境配置
echo "source /opt/ros/kinetic/setup.bash" >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc
4.其他依赖
sudo apt-get install python-rosinstall python-rosinstall-generator python-wstool build-essential
(二)ROS Melodic(Ubuntu 18.04 python2)
1.下面三种安装方式,选择其中一种即可:
(1)桌面完整版(推荐): 包含ROS、rqt、rviz、机器人通用库、2D/3D 模拟器、导航以及2D/3D感知
sudo apt install ros-melodic-desktop-full
(2)桌面版安装: 包含ROS、rqt、rviz以及通用机器人函数库
sudo apt install ros-melodic-desktop
(3)基础版安装: (简版) 包含ROS核心软件包、构建工具以及通信相关的程序库,无GUI工具。
sudo apt install ros-melodic-ros-base
2.初始化 rosdep
# 卸载官方的rosdep
sudo apt-get purge python-rosdep
sudo apt-get purge python-rosdistro
# 删除下载的20-default.list
sudo rm -rf /etc/ros/rosdep/sources.list.d/20-default.list
# 下载国内的rosdep
wget http://119.29.41.151:1080/GrantLi/rosdep/uploads/35cf1afb1107970c1ec78dbf5ef6663b/rosdep-0.22.1-py2-none-any.whl
# 下载国内的rosdistro
wget http://119.29.41.151:1080/GrantLi/rosdistro-python/uploads/35ef18efc558999d4c4e32015eebc20b/rosdistro-0.9.0-py2-none-any.whl
# 安装rosdistro
sudo pip install rosdistro-0.9.0-py2-none-any.whl
# 安装rosdep
sudo pip install rosdep-0.22.1-py2-none-any.whl
# 初始化 rosdep
sudo rosdep init
rosdep update
- 环境配置
echo "source /opt/ros/melodic/setup.bash" >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc
4.其他依赖
sudo apt-get install python-rosinstall python-rosinstall-generator python-wstool build-essential
(三)ROS Noetic(Ubuntu 20.04)
1.下面三种安装方式,选择其中一种即可:
(1)桌面完整版(推荐): 包含ROS、rqt、rviz、机器人通用库、2D/3D 模拟器、导航以及2D/3D感知
sudo apt install ros-noetic-desktop-full
(2)桌面版安装: 包含ROS、rqt、rviz以及通用机器人函数库
sudo apt install ros-noetic-desktop
(3)基础版安装: (简版) 包含ROS核心软件包、构建工具以及通信相关的程序库,无GUI工具。
sudo apt install ros-noetic-ros-base
2.初始化 rosdep
# 卸载官方的rosdep
sudo apt-get purge python3-rosdep
sudo apt-get purge python3-rosdistro
# 删除下载的20-default.list
sudo rm -rf /etc/ros/rosdep/sources.list.d/20-default.list
# 下载国内的rosdep
wget http://119.29.41.151:1080/GrantLi/rosdep/uploads/49ea4ce804b58bc7e16c4336c04d1664/rosdep-0.22.1-py3-none-any.whl
# 下载国内的rosdistro
wget http://119.29.41.151:1080/GrantLi/rosdistro-python/uploads/bb3db475bf0fab68b98dd2af22733a8e/rosdistro-0.9.0-py3-none-any.whl
# 安装rosdistro
sudo pip install rosdistro-0.9.0-py3-none-any.whl
# 安装rosdep
sudo pip install rosdep-0.22.1-py3-none-any.whl
# 初始化 rosdep
sudo rosdep init
rosdep update
- 环境配置
echo "source /opt/ros/noetic/setup.bash" >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc
4.其他依赖
sudo apt-get install python-rosinstall python-rosinstall-generator python-wstool build-essential
四、测试
roscore
(2)另外打开一个终端,输入:
rosrun rviz rviz
可以打开rviz就说明已经成功了
具体操作细节请移步到ROS1 Installation
参考文献
1. ros wiki installation cn
2. ros wiki installation