注：以下配置代码参考自Spring事务配置的五种方式

根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：

（1）每个Bean都有一个代理

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
 
    <bean id="sessionFactory" 
            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 
        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
    </bean> 
 
    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> 
    <bean id="transactionManager"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>
 
    <!-- 配置DAO -->
    <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>
 
    <bean id="userDao" 
        class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"> 
           <!-- 配置事务管理器 --> 
           <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />    
        <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" /> 
         <property name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" />
        <!-- 配置事务属性 --> 
        <property name="transactionAttributes"> 
            <props> 
                <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
            </props> 
        </property> 
    </bean> 
</beans>

（2）所有Bean共享一个代理基类

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
 
    <bean id="sessionFactory" 
            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 
        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
    </bean> 
 
    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> 
    <bean id="transactionManager"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>
 
    <bean id="transactionBase" 
            class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" 
            lazy-init="true" abstract="true"> 
        <!-- 配置事务管理器 --> 
        <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" /> 
        <!-- 配置事务属性 --> 
        <property name="transactionAttributes"> 
            <props> 
                <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> 
            </props> 
        </property> 
    </bean>   
 
    <!-- 配置DAO -->
    <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>
 
    <bean id="userDao" parent="transactionBase" > 
        <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />  
    </bean>
</beans>

（3）使用拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
 
    <bean id="sessionFactory" 
            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 
        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
    </bean> 
 
    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> 
    <bean id="transactionManager"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean> 
 
    <bean id="transactionInterceptor" 
        class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor"> 
        <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" /> 
        <!-- 配置事务属性 --> 
        <property name="transactionAttributes"> 
            <props> 
                <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> 
            </props> 
        </property> 
    </bean>
 
    <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator"> 
        <property name="beanNames"> 
            <list> 
                <value>*Dao</value>
            </list> 
        </property> 
        <property name="interceptorNames"> 
            <list> 
                <value>transactionInterceptor</value> 
            </list> 
        </property> 
    </bean> 
 
    <!-- 配置DAO -->
    <bean id="userDao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>
</beans>

（4）使用tx标签配置的拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
 
    <context:annotation-config />
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />
 
    <bean id="sessionFactory" 
            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 
        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
    </bean> 
 
    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> 
    <bean id="transactionManager"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>
 
    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
        <tx:attributes>
            <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>
 
    <aop:config>
        <aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts"
            expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" />
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice"
            pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" />       
    </aop:config>     
</beans>

（5）全注解

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
 
    <context:annotation-config />
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />
 
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
 
    <bean id="sessionFactory" 
            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 
        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
    </bean> 
 
    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> 
    <bean id="transactionManager"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>
 
</beans>

此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：

package com.bluesky.spring.dao;
 
import java.util.List;
 
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 
import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;
 
@Transactional
@Component("userDao")
public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao {
 
    public List<User> listUsers() {
        return this.getSession().createQuery("from User").list();
    }  
}

4.2 一个声明式事务的实例

注：该实例参考自Spring中的事务管理实例详解

首先是数据库表 
book(isbn, book_name, price) 
account(username, balance) 
book_stock(isbn, stock)

然后是XML配置

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
 
    <import resource="applicationContext-db.xml" />
 
    <context:component-scan
        base-package="com.springinaction.transaction">
    </context:component-scan>
 
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager"/>
 
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
    </bean>
 
</beans>

使用的类 
BookShopDao

package com.springinaction.transaction;
 
public interface BookShopDao {
    // 根据书号获取书的单价
    public int findBookPriceByIsbn(String isbn);
    // 更新书的库存，使书号对应的库存-1
    public void updateBookStock(String isbn);
    // 更新用户的账户余额：account的balance-price
    public void updateUserAccount(String username, int price);
}

BookShopDaoImpl

package com.springinaction.transaction;
 
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
 
@Repository("bookShopDao")
public class BookShopDaoImpl implements BookShopDao {
 
    @Autowired
    private JdbcTemplate JdbcTemplate;
 
    @Override
    public int findBookPriceByIsbn(String isbn) {
        String sql = "SELECT price FROM book WHERE isbn = ?";
 
        return JdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, Integer.class, isbn);
    }
 
    @Override
    public void updateBookStock(String isbn) {
        //检查书的库存是否足够，若不够，则抛出异常
        String sql2 = "SELECT stock FROM book_stock WHERE isbn = ?";
        int stock = JdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql2, Integer.class, isbn);
        if (stock == 0) {
            throw new BookStockException("库存不足！");
        }
        String sql = "UPDATE book_stock SET stock = stock - 1 WHERE isbn = ?";
        JdbcTemplate.update(sql, isbn);
    }
 
    @Override
    public void updateUserAccount(String username, int price) {
        //检查余额是否不足，若不足，则抛出异常
        String sql2 = "SELECT balance FROM account WHERE username = ?";
        int balance = JdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql2, Integer.class, username);
        if (balance < price) {
            throw new UserAccountException("余额不足！");
        }       
        String sql = "UPDATE account SET balance = balance - ? WHERE username = ?";
        JdbcTemplate.update(sql, price, username);
    }
 
}

BookShopService

package com.springinaction.transaction;
public interface BookShopService {
     public void purchase(String username, String isbn);
}

BookShopServiceImpl

package com.springinaction.transaction;
 
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Isolation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
 
@Service("bookShopService")
public class BookShopServiceImpl implements BookShopService {
 
    @Autowired
    private BookShopDao bookShopDao;
 
    /**
     * 1.添加事务注解
     * 使用propagation 指定事务的传播行为，即当前的事务方法被另外一个事务方法调用时如何使用事务。
     * 默认取值为REQUIRED，即使用调用方法的事务
     * REQUIRES_NEW：使用自己的事务，调用的事务方法的事务被挂起。
     *
     * 2.使用isolation 指定事务的隔离级别，最常用的取值为READ_COMMITTED
     * 3.默认情况下 Spring 的声明式事务对所有的运行时异常进行回滚，也可以通过对应的属性进行设置。通常情况下，默认值即可。
     * 4.使用readOnly 指定事务是否为只读。 表示这个事务只读取数据但不更新数据，这样可以帮助数据库引擎优化事务。若真的是一个只读取数据库值得方法，应设置readOnly=true
     * 5.使用timeOut 指定强制回滚之前事务可以占用的时间。
     */
    @Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRES_NEW,
            isolation=Isolation.READ_COMMITTED,
            noRollbackFor={UserAccountException.class},
            readOnly=true, timeout=3)
    @Override
    public void purchase(String username, String isbn) {
        //1.获取书的单价
        int price = bookShopDao.findBookPriceByIsbn(isbn);
        //2.更新书的库存
        bookShopDao.updateBookStock(isbn);
        //3.更新用户余额
        bookShopDao.updateUserAccount(username, price);
    }
}

Cashier

package com.springinaction.transaction;
import java.util.List;
public interface Cashier {
    public void checkout(String username, List<String>isbns);
}

CashierImpl：CashierImpl.checkout和bookShopService.purchase联合测试了事务的传播行为

package com.springinaction.transaction;
 
import java.util.List;
 
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
 
@Service("cashier")
public class CashierImpl implements Cashier {
    @Autowired
    private BookShopService bookShopService;
 
    @Transactional
    @Override
    public void checkout(String username, List<String> isbns) {
        for(String isbn : isbns) {
            bookShopService.purchase(username, isbn);
        }
    }
}

BookStockException

package com.springinaction.transaction;
public class BookStockException extends RuntimeException {
 
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 
    public BookStockException() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }
 
    public BookStockException(String arg0, Throwable arg1, boolean arg2,
            boolean arg3) {
        super(arg0, arg1, arg2, arg3);
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }
 
    public BookStockException(String arg0, Throwable arg1) {
        super(arg0, arg1);
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }
 
    public BookStockException(String arg0) {
        super(arg0);
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }
 
    public BookStockException(Throwable arg0) {
        super(arg0);
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }
}

UserAccountException

package com.springinaction.transaction;
public class UserAccountException extends RuntimeException {
 
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 
    public UserAccountException() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }
 
    public UserAccountException(String arg0, Throwable arg1, boolean arg2,
            boolean arg3) {
        super(arg0, arg1, arg2, arg3);
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }
 
    public UserAccountException(String arg0, Throwable arg1) {
        super(arg0, arg1);
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }
 
    public UserAccountException(String arg0) {
        super(arg0);
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }
 
    public UserAccountException(Throwable arg0) {
        super(arg0);
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }
}

测试类

package com.springinaction.transaction;
 
import java.util.Arrays;
 
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
 
public class SpringTransitionTest {
 
    private ApplicationContext ctx = null;
    private BookShopDao bookShopDao = null;
    private BookShopService bookShopService = null;
    private Cashier cashier = null;
    {
        ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("config/transaction.xml");
        bookShopDao = ctx.getBean(BookShopDao.class);
        bookShopService = ctx.getBean(BookShopService.class);
        cashier = ctx.getBean(Cashier.class);
    }
 
    @Test
    public void testBookShopDaoFindPriceByIsbn() {
        System.out.println(bookShopDao.findBookPriceByIsbn("1001"));
    }
 
    @Test
    public void testBookShopDaoUpdateBookStock(){
        bookShopDao.updateBookStock("1001");
    }
 
    @Test
    public void testBookShopDaoUpdateUserAccount(){
        bookShopDao.updateUserAccount("AA", 100);
    }
    @Test
    public void testBookShopService(){
        bookShopService.purchase("AA", "1001");
    }
 
    @Test
    public void testTransactionPropagation(){
        cashier.checkout("AA", Arrays.asList("1001", "1002"));
    }
}