0、结果
说明:先来看看串口调试助手显示的结果,显示的是一个距离值,如果是你想要的,可以接着往下看。
1、外观
说明:虽然超声波传感器形态各异,但是原理和代码都是适用的。
2、连线
说明:只需要连接四根线。
uno————超声波传感器
5V--------------VCC
GND--------------GND
3--------------Trig
4--------------Echo
3、源程序
说明:采用非阻塞方式编写,一定时间检测一次距离值,对距离值进行了简单的滤波,并将对应功能进行函数化,方便移植。
/*
VCC------5V
GND------GND
Trig-----3
Echo-----4
*/
/****************************************hc04 part****************************************/
#define hc04TimeOut 100 //Check once in 50 milliseconds
#define filterNumber 3 //Number of filtration
const int Trig = 3; //Connect the corresponding ultrasonic Angle
const int Echo = 4; //Connect the corresponding ultrasonic Angle
unsigned long hc04Times = 0; //Record the device running time
int beforeVal = 0; //The previous distance value
int presentVal = 0; //Current distance value
int averageVal = 0; //The average of the distance between one and the other
int diffval = 10; //The difference between the previous distance and the next distance
int frequency = 0; //Number of filtration
double distance, time ; //Find the distance value
/****************************************set up and loop part*********************************/
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600); //Example Initializing serial port communication
pinMode(Trig, OUTPUT);
pinMode(Echo, INPUT); //Configure the working mode of the pin
Serial.println("The distance is :");
}
void loop()
{
getdata(); //Acquisition distance
}
/****************************************hc04 part****************************************/
/*Acquisition distance*/
void getdata() {
if (millis() - hc04Times >= hc04TimeOut) { //Check a distance at a certain time
hc04Times = millis();
digitalWrite(Trig, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(Trig, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10); //Generate a high pulse of 10us to trigger SR04
digitalWrite(Trig, LOW);
time = pulseIn(Echo, HIGH); //Check the pulse width and note that the return value is microseconds us
distance = time / 58 ; //Calculate the distance. The output distance is measured in centimeters
filterData(); //Filter the distance value
Serial.print("distance: ");
Serial.print(averageVal); //Print distance value
Serial.println(" cm");
}
}
/*Filter the distance value*/
void filterData() {
if (abs(averageVal - distance) > diffval) {
if (++frequency >= filterNumber) {
frequency = 0;
beforeVal = averageVal; //The average is given to the previous value
presentVal = distance; //Distance value to the current value
averageVal = beforeVal + (presentVal - beforeVal) / 2; //Find the current distance
}
} else {
beforeVal = averageVal; //The average is given to the previous value
presentVal = distance; //Distance value to the current value
averageVal = beforeVal + (presentVal - beforeVal) / 2; //Find the current distance
if (averageVal <= 3) { //When the distance is less than 3 centimeters, there's a lot of data, so we set it to 0
averageVal = 0;
}
frequency = 0; //Clears the number of times of the last filter
}
}
4、注意事项
说明:超声波探测的区域是一个扇形区域。如果从一个短距离到一个比较远的距离,由于超声波会等待波返回,这个时间大概在几十毫秒,对实时性要求高的程序来说,在一定程度上会延迟执行运行。
5、基本原理
超声波传感器是一种利用超声波来测量距离的传感器,其测量原理基于声学原理。
当超声波传感器工作时,它会发出一个高频的声音信号,这个声音信号会转化为超声波,并向目标物体传播。当超声波遇到目标物体后,一部分能量被反射回传感器,传感器会接收到这一部分反射回来的超声波信号,并通过计算信号的往返时间,来确定目标物体与传感器之间的距离。
通常情况下,超声波传感器需要由一个发射器和一个接收器构成,发射器用来产生超声波,接收器用来接收反射回来的超声波,并将其转换成电信号。此外,不同型号的超声波传感器对于距离和精度的测量范围有所区别,一般传感器的测量范围在几厘米到几米不等,其精度也随之而定。超声波传感器主要应用于避障、物体检测、距离测量等领域。