模块名称: dpram() IP Core
双口RAM,有俩组数据线和地址线,读写可以同时进行,FIFO读写可以同时进行,可以看作是双口。分为Simple two-dual RAM和true two-dual RAM。简单双口RAM,一个端口只读,另一个端口只写,且写入和读取的时钟可以不同,位宽比可以不是1:1;而双口RAM两个端口都分别带有读写端口,可以在没有干扰的情况下进行读写,彼此互不干扰。
主要功能 :调用内部的资源,实现数据的读/写功能
实验目的 :了解这些芯片专用硬件资源的情况下,将其合理的应用到对应的系统中
FPGA 芯片的内部结构:
1、针对上面的结构图,我们可以看到 几个信号线
data[7:0],表示的是即将写入的数据
wraddress [4:0]: 表示的是数据要写入或者说是数据要存入的地址
wren : 表示数据写入使能信号
readdress[4:0] : 表示读取数据的地址
q[7:0 ]: 表示的是读取的该地址的数据。
clk : 时钟
2、如何使用双端口ram模块
① 一个读端口,一个写端口
②两个都是读/写端口
3、内存结构单元的大小
1、使用字节作为一个存取单
2、使用bit作为一个存取单元
ram 配置的类型
对双口RAM【类似与电脑的内存条空间】的解释
1、选择开辟的8bit(我们在上一张配置的结果中选择的是一个字节)的内存大小,这里是选择了 256字节
2、使用不同的数据对应着不同的位宽
理解: 这个的话就类似与整体的数据大小(size)和address的分配的一种对应关系
由上述 256字节来说
假设我们使用 8位数据输入,那么address就是[7:0]的地址
那么,如果在输出端配置的是:
① 8位数据输出,即q[7:0] ,那么 rdaddress也是 [7:0]
②16位数据输出,即q[15:0],那么 rdaddress就是[6:0]即可
也就是说,输入和输出是不一定都是相匹配的,可以根据自己的需求进行更改。
3、申请内存的分配的结构类型
默认选 auto(自动分配内存), M9K 和LCs的还不太了解。
1、第一个是时钟的配置
①选用单时钟
②读和写使用不同的时钟
③输入和输出使用不同的时钟
2、是否要创建读使能信号
下面的配置主要针对的是大于8位的位宽来进行配置的(暂时不管)
1、是否要使用寄存器(默认选择使用即可)
2、创建一个时钟使能信号(不用)
3、创建一个寄存器清零信号(暂时不用)
本次我们使用的读和写数据使用的是同一个时钟,当我们同时在读和写同一个地址的数据的时候,我们需要认为此时q输出的数据是:
① 读取之前的数据
② 我不关心是之前的还是当前写入的(本次选用的是下面的方案)
1、如何初始化你的内存(RAM)
① 让其保持空白
②使用mif文件对内存进行初始化
next
直接finish
本实验主要是熟悉和了解ram的使用:
以下是个人总结:
1、了解ram,其实ram就是我们说的内存,但是在我们实现的时候,就是要对内存执行【读/写】两个操作。
我们一般来说,写操作就是将输入写入到指定的地址中,【读】操作就是将存在在某个地址的数据读取出来。
生活实例:
这个可以理解为我们图书馆里面的书架,每个格子里面都可以存放书本(注:是任意或者非固定目标的书本),然后每个格子里面也各有标号。当我们需要读取的时候,只要对对应的格子编号,就可以找我我们要的书。
这个和ram是类似的,也就是说,地址里面的数据是可以根据自己的想法来改变的。
生成的dpram.v
// megafunction wizard: %RAM: 2-PORT%
// GENERATION: STANDARD
// VERSION: WM1.0
// MODULE: altsyncram
// ============================================================
// File Name: dpram.v
// Megafunction Name(s):
// altsyncram
//
// Simulation Library Files(s):
// altera_mf
// ============================================================
// ************************************************************
// THIS IS A WIZARD-GENERATED FILE. DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE!
//
// 13.0.0 Build 156 04/24/2013 SJ Full Version
// ************************************************************
//Copyright (C) 1991-2013 Altera Corporation
//Your use of Altera Corporation's design tools, logic functions
//and other software and tools, and its AMPP partner logic
//functions, and any output files from any of the foregoing
//(including device programming or simulation files), and any
//associated documentation or information are expressly subject
//to the terms and conditions of the Altera Program License
//Subscription Agreement, Altera MegaCore Function License
//Agreement, or other applicable license agreement, including,
//without limitation, that your use is for the sole purpose of
//programming logic devices manufactured by Altera and sold by
//Altera or its authorized distributors. Please refer to the
//applicable agreement for further details.
// synopsys translate_off
`timescale 1 ps / 1 ps
// synopsys translate_on
module dpram (
clock,
data,
rdaddress,
wraddress,
wren,
q);
input clock;
input [7:0] data;
input [7:0] rdaddress;
input [7:0] wraddress;
input wren;
output [7:0] q;
`ifndef ALTERA_RESERVED_QIS
// synopsys translate_off
`endif
tri1 clock;
tri0 wren;
`ifndef ALTERA_RESERVED_QIS
// synopsys translate_on
`endif
wire [7:0] sub_wire0;
wire [7:0] q = sub_wire0[7:0];
altsyncram altsyncram_component (
.address_a (wraddress),
.clock0 (clock),
.data_a (data),
.wren_a (wren),
.address_b (rdaddress),
.q_b (sub_wire0),
.aclr0 (1'b0),
.aclr1 (1'b0),
.addressstall_a (1'b0),
.addressstall_b (1'b0),
.byteena_a (1'b1),
.byteena_b (1'b1),
.clock1 (1'b1),
.clocken0 (1'b1),
.clocken1 (1'b1),
.clocken2 (1'b1),
.clocken3 (1'b1),
.data_b ({8{1'b1}}),
.eccstatus (),
.q_a (),
.rden_a (1'b1),
.rden_b (1'b1),
.wren_b (1'b0));
defparam
altsyncram_component.address_aclr_b = "NONE",
altsyncram_component.address_reg_b = "CLOCK0",
altsyncram_component.clock_enable_input_a = "BYPASS",
altsyncram_component.clock_enable_input_b = "BYPASS",
altsyncram_component.clock_enable_output_b = "BYPASS",
altsyncram_component.intended_device_family = "Cyclone IV E",
altsyncram_component.lpm_type = "altsyncram",
altsyncram_component.numwords_a = 256,
altsyncram_component.numwords_b = 256,
altsyncram_component.operation_mode = "DUAL_PORT",
altsyncram_component.outdata_aclr_b = "NONE",
altsyncram_component.outdata_reg_b = "CLOCK0",
altsyncram_component.power_up_uninitialized = "FALSE",
altsyncram_component.read_during_write_mode_mixed_ports = "DONT_CARE",
altsyncram_component.widthad_a = 8,
altsyncram_component.widthad_b = 8,
altsyncram_component.width_a = 8,
altsyncram_component.width_b = 8,
altsyncram_component.width_byteena_a = 1;
endmodule
// ============================================================
// CNX file retrieval info
// ============================================================
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: ADDRESSSTALL_A NUMERIC "0"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: ADDRESSSTALL_B NUMERIC "0"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: BYTEENA_ACLR_A NUMERIC "0"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: BYTEENA_ACLR_B NUMERIC "0"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: BYTE_ENABLE_A NUMERIC "0"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: BYTE_ENABLE_B NUMERIC "0"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: BYTE_SIZE NUMERIC "8"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: BlankMemory NUMERIC "1"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: CLOCK_ENABLE_INPUT_A NUMERIC "0"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: CLOCK_ENABLE_INPUT_B NUMERIC "0"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: CLOCK_ENABLE_OUTPUT_A NUMERIC "0"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: CLOCK_ENABLE_OUTPUT_B NUMERIC "0"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: CLRdata NUMERIC "0"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: CLRq NUMERIC "0"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: CLRrdaddress NUMERIC "0"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: CLRrren NUMERIC "0"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: CLRwraddress NUMERIC "0"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: CLRwren NUMERIC "0"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: Clock NUMERIC "0"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: Clock_A NUMERIC "0"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: Clock_B NUMERIC "0"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: IMPLEMENT_IN_LES NUMERIC "0"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: INDATA_ACLR_B NUMERIC "0"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: INDATA_REG_B NUMERIC "0"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: INIT_FILE_LAYOUT STRING "PORT_B"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: INIT_TO_SIM_X NUMERIC "0"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: INTENDED_DEVICE_FAMILY STRING "Cyclone IV E"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: JTAG_ENABLED NUMERIC "0"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: JTAG_ID STRING "NONE"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: MAXIMUM_DEPTH NUMERIC "0"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: MEMSIZE NUMERIC "2048"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: MEM_IN_BITS NUMERIC "0"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: MIFfilename STRING ""
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: OPERATION_MODE NUMERIC "2"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: OUTDATA_ACLR_B NUMERIC "0"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: OUTDATA_REG_B NUMERIC "1"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: RAM_BLOCK_TYPE NUMERIC "0"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: READ_DURING_WRITE_MODE_MIXED_PORTS NUMERIC "2"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: READ_DURING_WRITE_MODE_PORT_A NUMERIC "3"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: READ_DURING_WRITE_MODE_PORT_B NUMERIC "3"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: REGdata NUMERIC "1"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: REGq NUMERIC "0"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: REGrdaddress NUMERIC "1"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: REGrren NUMERIC "1"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: REGwraddress NUMERIC "1"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: REGwren NUMERIC "1"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: SYNTH_WRAPPER_GEN_POSTFIX STRING "0"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: USE_DIFF_CLKEN NUMERIC "0"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: UseDPRAM NUMERIC "1"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: VarWidth NUMERIC "0"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: WIDTH_READ_A NUMERIC "8"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: WIDTH_READ_B NUMERIC "8"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: WIDTH_WRITE_A NUMERIC "8"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: WIDTH_WRITE_B NUMERIC "8"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: WRADDR_ACLR_B NUMERIC "0"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: WRADDR_REG_B NUMERIC "0"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: WRCTRL_ACLR_B NUMERIC "0"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: enable NUMERIC "0"
// Retrieval info: PRIVATE: rden NUMERIC "0"
// Retrieval info: LIBRARY: altera_mf altera_mf.altera_mf_components.all
// Retrieval info: CONSTANT: ADDRESS_ACLR_B STRING "NONE"
// Retrieval info: CONSTANT: ADDRESS_REG_B STRING "CLOCK0"
// Retrieval info: CONSTANT: CLOCK_ENABLE_INPUT_A STRING "BYPASS"
// Retrieval info: CONSTANT: CLOCK_ENABLE_INPUT_B STRING "BYPASS"
// Retrieval info: CONSTANT: CLOCK_ENABLE_OUTPUT_B STRING "BYPASS"
// Retrieval info: CONSTANT: INTENDED_DEVICE_FAMILY STRING "Cyclone IV E"
// Retrieval info: CONSTANT: LPM_TYPE STRING "altsyncram"
// Retrieval info: CONSTANT: NUMWORDS_A NUMERIC "256"
// Retrieval info: CONSTANT: NUMWORDS_B NUMERIC "256"
// Retrieval info: CONSTANT: OPERATION_MODE STRING "DUAL_PORT"
// Retrieval info: CONSTANT: OUTDATA_ACLR_B STRING "NONE"
// Retrieval info: CONSTANT: OUTDATA_REG_B STRING "CLOCK0"
// Retrieval info: CONSTANT: POWER_UP_UNINITIALIZED STRING "FALSE"
// Retrieval info: CONSTANT: READ_DURING_WRITE_MODE_MIXED_PORTS STRING "DONT_CARE"
// Retrieval info: CONSTANT: WIDTHAD_A NUMERIC "8"
// Retrieval info: CONSTANT: WIDTHAD_B NUMERIC "8"
// Retrieval info: CONSTANT: WIDTH_A NUMERIC "8"
// Retrieval info: CONSTANT: WIDTH_B NUMERIC "8"
// Retrieval info: CONSTANT: WIDTH_BYTEENA_A NUMERIC "1"
// Retrieval info: USED_PORT: clock 0 0 0 0 INPUT VCC "clock"
// Retrieval info: USED_PORT: data 0 0 8 0 INPUT NODEFVAL "data[7..0]"
// Retrieval info: USED_PORT: q 0 0 8 0 OUTPUT NODEFVAL "q[7..0]"
// Retrieval info: USED_PORT: rdaddress 0 0 8 0 INPUT NODEFVAL "rdaddress[7..0]"
// Retrieval info: USED_PORT: wraddress 0 0 8 0 INPUT NODEFVAL "wraddress[7..0]"
// Retrieval info: USED_PORT: wren 0 0 0 0 INPUT GND "wren"
// Retrieval info: CONNECT: @address_a 0 0 8 0 wraddress 0 0 8 0
// Retrieval info: CONNECT: @address_b 0 0 8 0 rdaddress 0 0 8 0
// Retrieval info: CONNECT: @clock0 0 0 0 0 clock 0 0 0 0
// Retrieval info: CONNECT: @data_a 0 0 8 0 data 0 0 8 0
// Retrieval info: CONNECT: @wren_a 0 0 0 0 wren 0 0 0 0
// Retrieval info: CONNECT: q 0 0 8 0 @q_b 0 0 8 0
// Retrieval info: GEN_FILE: TYPE_NORMAL dpram.v TRUE
// Retrieval info: GEN_FILE: TYPE_NORMAL dpram.inc FALSE
// Retrieval info: GEN_FILE: TYPE_NORMAL dpram.cmp FALSE
// Retrieval info: GEN_FILE: TYPE_NORMAL dpram.bsf FALSE
// Retrieval info: GEN_FILE: TYPE_NORMAL dpram_inst.v FALSE
// Retrieval info: GEN_FILE: TYPE_NORMAL dpram_bb.v TRUE
// Retrieval info: LIB_FILE: altera_mf
测试代码:
`timescale 1ns/1ns
`define clk_period 20
module dpram_tb;
reg clock;
reg [7:0]data;
reg [7:0]rdaddress;
reg [7:0]wraddress;
reg wren;
wire [7:0]q;
integer i;
dpram dpram0(
.clock(clock),
.data(data),
.rdaddress(rdaddress),
.wraddress(wraddress),
.wren(wren),
.q(q)
);
initial clock = 1;
always#(`clk_period/2)clock = ~clock;
initial begin
data = 0;
rdaddress = 30;
wraddress = 0;
wren = 0;
#(`clk_period*20 +1 );
for (i=0;i<=15;i=i+1)begin
wren = 1;
data = 255 - i;
wraddress = i;
#`clk_period;
end
wren = 0;
#(`clk_period*20);
for (i=0;i<=15;i=i+1)begin
rdaddress = i;
#`clk_period;
end
#(`clk_period*20);
$stop;
end
endmodule