安装前的准备

CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core)
初始化系统参数

集群规划

192.168.6.20 master1 - etcd、kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler
192.168.6.21 master2 - etcd、kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler
192.168.6.22 master3 - etcd、kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler
192.168.6.30 node1
192.168.6.31 node2

a, 系统环境设置

# 更换阿里源
yum -y install wget 
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup 
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo 
sed -i  's#enabled=1#enabled=0#g'  /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Media.repo     
yum clean all  && yum makecache 

# centos7 更换阿里epel源
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo  
# 安装wget vim net-tools
yum -y install wget vim net-tools  

# 关闭selinux
sed  -i  's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g'  /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0
systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld

# 网络管理
systemctl stop network
systemctl disable network

b,主机名称

hostnamectl set-hostname master1
hostnamectl set-hostname master2
hostnamectl set-hostname master3
hostnamectl set-hostname node1
hostnamectl set-hostname node2

c， 升级内核

 rpm -ivh kernel-ml-6.1.10-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm

#修改配置文件使新安装的内核成为默认启动选项
# GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
vim /etc/default/grub 
GRUB_DEFAULT=0
# 执行命令：
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

d, 安装ipvsadm

yum  -y install ipvsadm  ipset sysstat conntrack libseccomp

e, 设置ipvs模块

cat << EOF > /etc/sysconfig/modules/k8s.modules
 modprobe -- ip_vs
 modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
 modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
 modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
 modprobe -- nf_conntrack
 modprobe -- ip_tables
 modprobe -- ip_set
 modprobe -- xt_set
 modprobe -- ipt_set
 modprobe -- ipt_rpfilter
 modprobe -- ipt_REJECT
 modprobe -- ipip
EOF

f, 是配置生效

source  /etc/sysconfig/modules/k8s.modules
lsmod  | grep  -e  ip_vs  -e nf_conntrack

g,优化内核参数

cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/K8S.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
fs.may_detach_mounts = 1
vm.overcommit_memory=1 
vm.panic_on_oom=0 
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=524288 
fs.file-max=52706963
fs.nr_open=52706963
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720

net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time=600
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl=30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes=10
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets=36000
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 327680
net.ipv4.tcp_orphan_retries = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies =1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.ip_conntrack_max = 65536
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.core.somaxconn =16384
EOF

sysctl --system

h, 系统时间同步

chronyc sources -v
systemctl status chronyd
test

i, 设置hosts

192.168.6.20   	    master1
192.168.6.21      	master2
192.168.6.22	    master3
192.168.6.30	    node1
192.168.6.31	    node2

安装docker

test

cfssl 证书（master1节点上）

#选择master进行，也可选择其他

wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
# 下载的会比较慢
chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo

上传到/usr/bin/下
[root@master1 ~]# chmod +x /usr/bin/cfssl*

etcd 集群安装

a， 生成etcd证书

-------------------------master1节点------------------------
1)自签证书颁发机构（CA）
# 生成etcd 证书
mkdir -p ca/etcd
cd ca/etcd
#自签CA
[root@k8s-master1 etcd]# vim ca-config.json
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "www": {
         "expiry": "87600h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}

[root@k8s-master1 etcd]# vim ca-csr.json
{
    "CN": "etcd CA",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Beijing",
            "ST": "Beijing"
        }
    ]
}

#生成证书
[root@k8s-master1 etcd]# cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -



2)使用自签CA签发Etcd HTTPS证书
#创建证书申请文件
[root@k8s-master1 etcd]# vim server-csr.json
{
    "CN": "etcd",
    "hosts": [
    "192.168.6.20",
    "192.168.6.21",
    "192.168.6.22",
    "192.168.6.30",
    
    "192.168.6.31"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "BeiJing",
            "ST": "BeiJing"
        }
    ]
}

*注：上述文件hosts字段中IP为所有etcd节点的集群内部通信IP，一个都不能少！为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP

#生成证书
[root@k8s-master1 etcd]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

b, 下载etcd 安装包并解压

wget https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/etcd/v3.4.9/etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz


-------------------------master1节点------------------------

#创建工作目录并解压二进制包
[root@master1 ~]# mkdir -p /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl}
[root@master1 ~]# tar zxvf etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@master1 ~]# mv etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /opt/etcd/bin/

#创建etcd配置文件
[root@master1 ~]# vim /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd1"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.6.20:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.6.20:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.6.20:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.6.20:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd1=https://192.168.6.20:2380,etcd2=https://192.168.6.21:2380,etcd3=https://192.168.6.22:2380,etcd4=https://192.168.6.30:2380,etcd5=https://192.168.6.31:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"


*参数解释
•	ETCD_NAME：节点名称，集群中唯一
•	ETCD_DATA_DIR：数据目录
•	ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS：集群通信监听地址
•	ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS：客户端访问监听地址
•	ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEERURLS：集群通告地址
•	ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS：客户端通告地址
•	ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER：集群节点地址
•	ETCD_INITIALCLUSTER_TOKEN：集群Token
•	ETCD_INITIALCLUSTER_STATE：加入集群的当前状态，new是新集群，existing表示加入已有集群


#systemd管理etcd
[root@master1 ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd \
--cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--logger=zap
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

#拷贝刚才生成的证书
[root@master1 ~]# cp ~/ca/etcd/*.pem /opt/etcd/ssl


#将上面Master节点所有生成的文件拷贝到节点master2和节点master3上
[root@master1 ~]# scp -r /opt/etcd/ master2:/opt/
[root@master1 ~]# scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service master2:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
[root@master1 ~]# scp -r /opt/etcd/ master3:/opt/
[root@master1 ~]# scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service master3:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
其他节点 也是相同的，下面其他节点etcd集群也要一样

#在节点master2和节点master3分别修改etcd.conf配置文件
[root@k8s-master2 ~]# vim /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd2"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.6.21:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.6.21:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.6.21:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.6.21:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd1=https://192.168.6.20:2380,etcd2=https://192.168.6.21:2380,etcd3=https://192.168.6.22:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

[root@k8s-master2 ~]# vim /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd3"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.6.22:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.6.22:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.6.22:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.6.22:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd1=https://192.168.6.20:2380,etcd2=https://192.168.6.21:2380,etcd3=https://192.168.6.22:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

---------------master1、master2、master3节点------------------

#启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable etcd
systemctl start etcd

*注：master如果先启动了，会出现start悬停等待的现象，这时候可以先把node1、node2的etcd启动，随后master的etcd会正常启动。

#查看集群状态
[root@master1 ~]# ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.6.20:2379,https://192.168.6.21:2379,https://192.168.6.22:2379" endpoint health --write-out=table
+---------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+
|         ENDPOINT          | HEALTH |    TOOK     | ERROR |
+---------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+
| https://10.8.165.101:2379 |   true |  8.280002ms |       |
| https://10.8.165.102:2379 |   true |  8.113125ms |       |
| https://10.8.165.103:2379 |   true | 17.479134ms |       |
+---------------------------+--------+-------------+-------+

如果输出上面信息，就说明集群部署成功。
如果有问题第一步先看日志：/var/log/message 或 journalctl -u etcd

# 添加别名, 永久生效
# 在执行etcdctl命令时需要指定认证授权文件, 所以将认证授权步骤 别名至 etcdctl 简化操作

cd /etc/profile.d
vim  etcd.sh
# 指定ETCDCTL_API版本为3
export ETCDCTL_API=3
# 创建etcdctl别名,指定监听地址,和证书
alias etcdctl='/opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.6.20:2379,https://192.168.6.21:2379,https://192.168.6.22:2379"'

source etcd.sh

# 查看etcd集群的成员节点
etcdctl member list -w table
# 查看etcd集群节点状态 `在这里插入代码片`
   etcdctl endpoint status -w table
   ## 查看集群健康状态
   etcdctl endpoint health -w table

node1\node2 安装docker

# step 1: 安装必要的一些系统工具
sudo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
# Step 2: 添加软件源信息
sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
# Step 3
sudo sed -i 's+download.docker.com+mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce+' /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
# Step 4: 更新并安装Docker-CE
sudo yum makecache fast
sudo yum -y install docker-ce
# Step 4: 开启Docker服务
sudo service docker start

# 注意：
# 官方软件源默认启用了最新的软件，您可以通过编辑软件源的方式获取各个版本的软件包。例如官方并没有将测试版本的软件源置为可用，您可以通过以下方式开启。同理可以开启各种测试版本等。
# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
#   将[docker-ce-test]下方的enabled=0修改为enabled=1
#
# 安装指定版本的Docker-CE:
# Step 1: 查找Docker-CE的版本:
# yum list docker-ce.x86_64 --showduplicates | sort -r
#   Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
#   Loaded plugins: branch, fastestmirror, langpacks
#   docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable
#   docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos            @docker-ce-stable
#   docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos            docker-ce-stable
#   Available Packages
# Step2: 安装指定版本的Docker-CE: (VERSION例如上面的17.03.0.ce.1-1.el7.centos)
# sudo yum -y install docker-ce-[VERSION]
# 
yum -y install docker-ce-17.09.1.ce-1.el7.centos

部署master 节点

a, 配置自签证书CA

1 , 创建目录
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# mkdir -p  ca/k8s
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# cd ca/k8s
2, 自签证书颁发机构（CA）
[root@k8s-master k8s]# vim ca-config.json
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "kubernetes": {
         "expiry": "87600h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}


[root@k8s-master k8s]# vim ca-csr.json
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Beijing",
            "ST": "Beijing",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}

3， 生成证书
[root@k8s-master1 k8s]# cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -

# 会生成ca.pem和ca-key.pem文件

b, 使用自签CA 签发kube-apiserver https 证书

 1， 创建证书申请文件
[root@k8s-master1 k8s]# vim server-csr.json
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "hosts": [
      "10.0.0.1",
      "127.0.0.1",
      "192.168.6.20",
      "192.168.6.21",
      "192.168.6.22",
      "192.168.6.111",
      "192.168.6.23",
      "192.168.6.24",
      "192.168.6.25",
      "kubernetes",
      "kubernetes.default",
      "kubernetes.default.svc",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "BeiJing",
            "ST": "BeiJing",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}

2， 生成证书
[root@k8s-master1 k8s]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

## 会生成server.pem和server-key.pem文件

c, 下载二进制文件，解压并安装

# 国内快速下载地址，把相应版本号替换下即可！！！
wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.20.4/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz

1， 创建目录
[root@k8s-master1 k8s]# cd ~
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}

2， 解压二进制包
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# tar -zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz

3， 拷贝（优化安装包）
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# cd kubernetes/server/bin
[root@k8s-master1 bin]# cp kube-apiserver kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager /opt/kubernetes/bin
[root@k8s-master1 bin]# cp kubectl /usr/bin/

d, 部署kube-apiserver

1, 创建配置文件
[root@k8s-master1 bin]# vim /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \
--v=2 \
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \
--etcd-servers=https://192.168.6.20,https://192.168.6.20:2379,https://192.168.6.21:2379,https://192.168.6.22:2379,https://192.168.6.23:2379 \
--bind-address=192.168.6.20 \
--secure-port=6443 \
--advertise-address=192.168.6.20 \
--allow-privileged=true \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true \
--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \
--service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \
--kubelet-client-certificate=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \
--kubelet-client-key=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \
--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem  \
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \
--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--service-account-issuer=api \
--service-account-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \
--etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--requestheader-client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--proxy-client-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \
--proxy-client-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \
--requestheader-allowed-names=kubernetes \
--requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- \
--requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group \
--requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User \
--enable-aggregator-routing=true \
--audit-log-maxage=30 \
--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \
--audit-log-maxsize=100 \
--audit-log-path=/opt/kubernetes/logs/k8s-audit.log"



参考说明
•	--logtostderr：启用日志
•	---v：日志等级
•	--log-dir：日志目录
•	--etcd-servers：etcd集群地址
•	--bind-address：监听地址
•	--secure-port：https安全端口
•	--advertise-address：集群通告地址
•	--allow-privileged：启用授权
•	--service-cluster-ip-range：Service虚拟IP地址段
•	--enable-admission-plugins：准入控制模块
•	--authorization-mode：认证授权，启用RBAC授权和节点自管理
•	--enable-bootstrap-token-auth：启用TLS bootstrap机制
•	--token-auth-file：bootstrap token文件
•	--service-node-port-range：Service nodeport类型默认分配端口范围
•	--kubelet-client-xxx：apiserver访问kubelet客户端证书
•	--tls-xxx-file：apiserver https证书
•	1.20版本必须加的参数：--service-account-issuer，--service-account-signing-key-file
•	--etcd-xxxfile：连接Etcd集群证书
•	--audit-log-xxx：审计日志
•	启动聚合层相关配置：--requestheader-client-ca-file，--proxy-client-cert-file，--proxy-client-key-file，--requestheader-allowed-names，--requestheader-extra-headers-prefix，--requestheader-group-headers，--requestheader-username-headers，--enable-aggregator-routing

2， 拷贝刚才生成的证书
[root@k8s-master1 bin]# cp ~/ca/k8s/ca*pem ~/ca/k8s/server*pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/

e, 启用 TLS Bootstrapping 机制

1, 配置token文件
[root@k8s-master1 bin]# vim /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv
593af28f81d67e9070c97be4b65cbe20,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:node-bootstrapper"

2, 注：上述token可自行生成替换，但一定要与后续配置对应
head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '

f, systemd管理apiserver

1, 创建控制文件
[root@k8s-master1 bin]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver $KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

2， 启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-apiserver
systemctl start kube-apiserver

g ,部署kube-controller-manager

1, 配置文件

1, 创建配置文件
[root@k8s-master1 bin]# vim /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \
--v=2 \
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \
--leader-elect=true \
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig \
--bind-address=127.0.0.1 \
--allocate-node-cidrs=true \
--cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem  \
--root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--experimental-cluster-signing-duration=87600h0m0s"   #证书过期时间10年

参数说明
•	--kubeconfig：连接apiserver配置文件
•	--leader-elect：当该组件启动多个时，自动选举（HA）
•	--cluster-signing-cert-file/--cluster-signing-key-file：自动为kubelet颁发证书的CA，与apiserver保持一致

2, 生成证书

[root@k8s-master1 bin]# cd ~/ca/k8s/

[root@k8s-master1 k8s]# vim kube-controller-manager-csr.json
{
  "CN": "system:kube-controller-manager",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "O": "system:masters",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}

[root@k8s-master1 k8s]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-controller-manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-controller-manager

3 生成kubeconfig文件

[root@k8s-master1 k8s]# KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig"
[root@k8s-master1 k8s]# KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.6.20:6443"

·终端执行（4条）
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

kubectl config set-credentials kube-controller-manager \
  --client-certificate=./kube-controller-manager.pem \
  --client-key=./kube-controller-manager-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kube-controller-manager \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

4，生成service启动文件

[root@k8s-master1 k8s]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager $KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

#启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
systemctl start kube-controller-manager

部署kube-scheduler

1, 创建配置文件

[root@k8s-master1 k8s]# vim /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \
--v=2 \
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \
--leader-elect \
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig \
--bind-address=127.0.0.1"

参数说明
•	--kubeconfig：连接apiserver配置文件
•	--leader-elect：当该组件启动多个时，自动选举（HA）

2, 生成kube-scheduler证书

[root@k8s-master1 k8s]# cd  /root/ca/k8s
[root@k8s-master1 k8s]# vim kube-scheduler-csr.json
{
  "CN": "system:kube-scheduler",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "O": "system:masters",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}


#生成证书
[root@k8s-master1 k8s]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-scheduler

3, 生成kubeconfig文件

[root@k8s-master1 k8s]# KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig"
[root@k8s-master1 k8s]# KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.6.20:6443"


·终端执行（4条）
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

kubectl config set-credentials kube-scheduler \
  --client-certificate=./kube-scheduler.pem \
  --client-key=./kube-scheduler-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kube-scheduler \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

4, 生成启动文件service

[root@k8s-master1 k8s]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler $KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

#启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-scheduler
systemctl start kube-scheduler

查看集群状态

1, 生成kubectl连接集群的证书

cd /root/ca/k8s
[root@k8s-master1 k8s]# vim admin-csr.json
{
  "CN": "admin",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "O": "system:masters",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}

[root@k8s-master1 k8s]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin

2,生成kubeconfig文件

[root@k8s-master1 k8s]# mkdir /root/.kube

[root@k8s-master1 k8s]# KUBE_CONFIG="/root/.kube/config"
[root@k8s-master1 k8s]# KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.6.20:6443"

·终端执行（4条）
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

kubectl config set-credentials cluster-admin \
  --client-certificate=./admin.pem \
  --client-key=./admin-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=cluster-admin \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

3,通过kubectl工具查看当前集群组件状态

root@k8s-master1 k8s]# kubectl get cs
Warning: v1 ComponentStatus is deprecated in v1.19+
NAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE             ERROR
scheduler            Healthy   ok                  
controller-manager   Healthy   ok                  
etcd-2               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
etcd-0               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
etcd-1               Healthy   {"health":"true"} 

部署worker node

部署node1

1, 安装前的软件准备

# 创建工作目录并拷贝文件
[root@k8s-node1 ~]# mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}

[root@k8s-master k8s]# cd /root/ca/k8s/kubernetes/server/bin

[root@k8s-master bin]# scp kubelet kube-proxy node1:/opt/kubernetes/bin/
[root@k8s-master bin]# scp kubelet kube-proxy node2:/opt/kubernetes/bin/

2， 部署kubelet

pause 版本使用3.0

a, 设置配置文件

node1,node2
[root@node1 ~]# vim /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \
--v=2 \
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \
--hostname-override=master1 \    #每个节点的ip/名称
--network-plugin=cni \
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml \
--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \
--pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause-amd64:3.0"

拉去镜像

node1,node2
[root@node1 ~]# docker pull lizhenliang/pause-amd64:3.0
[root@node1 ~]# docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause-amd64:3.0

#配置参数文件
node1, node2 
[root@node1 ~]# vim /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 0.0.0.0
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS:
- 10.0.0.2
clusterDomain: cluster.local
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
  anonymous:
    enabled: false
  webhook:
    cacheTTL: 2m0s
    enabled: true
  x509:
    clientCAFile: /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
authorization:
  mode: Webhook
  webhook:
    cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s
    cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s
evictionHard:
  imagefs.available: 15%
  memory.available: 100Mi
  nodefs.available: 10%
  nodefs.inodesFree: 5%
maxOpenFiles: 1000000
maxPods: 110


#授权kubelet-bootstrap用户允许请求证书
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \
--clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap

生成kubelet初次加入集群引导kubeconfig文件

*在生成kubernetes证书的目录下执行以下命令生成kubeconfig文件
  TOKEN=$(awk -F "," '{print $1}' /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv)
其中 
[root@k8s-master1 bin]# awk -F "," '{print $1}' /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv
[root@k8s-master1 bin]# cd /root/ca/k8s/
[root@k8s-master1 k8s]# KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig"
[root@k8s-master1 k8s]# KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.6.20:6443"   # apiserver的 IP:PORT
[root@k8s-master1 k8s]# TOKEN="593af28f81d67e9070c97be4b65cbe20"    # 与master的token.csv里保持一致

·终端执行（四条）
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

kubectl config set-credentials "kubelet-bootstrap" \
  --token=${TOKEN} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user="kubelet-bootstrap" \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

# node1
[root@k8s-master1 k8s]#scp /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem node1:/opt/kubernetes/ssl/
[root@k8s-master1 k8s]#scp /opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig root@node1:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/

#node2
[root@k8s-master1 k8s]#scp /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem node2:/opt/kubernetes/ssl/
[root@k8s-master1 k8s]#scp /opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig root@node2:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/

[root@k8s-master1 k8s]#kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper --user=kubelet-bootstrap

node1, node2
#systemd管理kubelet
[root@k8s-master1 k8s]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target




#启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kubelet1
systemctl start kubelet1

在Master1上批准新Node kubelet证书申请

1, 查看证书请求
[root@k8s-master1 cfg]# kubectl get csr
2, 授权请求（Pending，一定要是待定状态的）
[root@k8s-master1 cfg]# kubectl certificate approve   node-csr-xQsFeNF5nlB-rZQr2cIxFB18ET3kAGYHSC9GMSKDoI8

3, 查看Node状态
[root@k8s-master1 cfg]# kubectl get node

3, 部署kube-proxy

a， 生成请求证书

在master1 节点下
#在/root/ca/k8s下创建证书请求文件
cd /root/ca/k8s
s-master1 k8s]# vim kube-proxy-csr.json
{
  "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}


# 生成证书
[root@k8s-master1 k8s]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
##生成证书  kube-proxy-key.pem   kube-proxy.pem


#生成kubeconfig文件
[root@k8s-master1 k8s]# KUBE_CONFIG="/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig"
[root@k8s-master1 k8s]# KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.6.20:6443"


·终端执行（4条）
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
  --client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem \
  --client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kube-proxy \
  --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}

kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
主要是为了生成kube-proxy.kubeconfig文件的，并将其复制到node 节点

scp /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig  root@node1:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/

scp /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig  root@node2:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/

b, 配置文件

node1, node2

#创建配置文件
vim /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \
--v=2 \
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml"

#配置参数文件
vim /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 0.0.0.0
metricsBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10249
clientConnection:
  kubeconfig: /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
hostnameOverride: master1
clusterCIDR: 10.244.0.0/16

# 注意需要修改的地方hostnameOverride： node1或是node2

3, systemd管理kube-proxy

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy $KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target


#启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-proxy
systemctl start kube-proxy

4, 部署网络组件calico

calico 适用版本需要查看官网
官方地址

 wget   https://docs.projectcalico.org/archive/v3.19/manifests/calico.yaml --no-check-certificate

1, #部署Calico
[root@k8s-master1 k8s]# cd /opt/kubernetes/cfg/
*上传至/opt/kubernetes/cfg/

[root@k8s-master1 cfg]# kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
[root@k8s-master1 cfg]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system

等Calico Pod都Running，节点也会准备就绪
可能有点久，要初始化创建对应镜像，好几分钟
waiting......................

5, 部署coredns

下载地址
github下载kubernetes
coredns.yaml 来源

修改配置
注意需要修改coredns.yaml 中的参数：
memory: 170Mi
image: coredns/coredns:版本号      #指定镜像下载地址
clusterIP 10.0.0.2                #指定clusterip 
kubernetes cluster.local in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa  
###根据需要还可以设置 Deployment.spec.replicas:

如果负载压力比较大，除了调整cpu,memory的资源，还可以扩大副本数，在yaml文件中， 添加副本参数，设置为两个副本

 kubectl apply -f coredns.yaml
 #源码包
 https://github.com/coredns/coredns/releases/tag/v1.2.2

kubenetes官网对应的coredns版本

测试

# 期间执行时有报错，添加权限
[root@k97 work]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding kube-apiserver:kubelet-apis --clusterrole=system:kubelet-api-admin --user kubernetes
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kube-apiserver:kubelet-apis created

kubectl run -it dns-test --image=busybox:1.28.3 sh

dashboard 安装部署

有两种手段确定具体安装那一版本的dashboard ,一个是下载对应版本的kubernetes Github上的源码包
另一个是通过github上的文档，链接见参考资料1

安装

在对应kubernetes源码包中有对应的dashboard.yaml 文件，具体路径：下载包下kubernetes-1.20.4\cluster\addons\dashboard
github下载链接
参考资料1
参考资料2

首先
在Service资源配置中将type 改为 type: NodePort
spec.type: NodePort
spec.ports.nodePort: 31260

然后
kubectl apply -f dashboard.yaml
其次
kubectl get all -n kubernetes-dashboard

最后  https://NodeIP:nodeport  登录图形化界面

配置token认证

 # 创建用于登陆dashboard的ServiceAccount
 首先创建一个叫admin-user的服务账号，并放在kubernetes-dashboard名称空间
 kubectl create serviceaccount admin-user -n kubernetes-dashboard
 其次通过绑定clusterrole授权
 kubectl create clusterrolebinding admin-user --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kubernetes-dashboard:admin-user``

然后 查看 admin-user的token
a=$(kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get secret|awk '/^admin-user/{print $1}')

最后 查看admin-user的token
kubectl describe secrets $a -n kubernetes-dashboard 
或者是
kubectl get secret $a -n kubernetes-dashboard -o jsonpath={.data.token}|base64 -d

配置kubeconfig文件

kubectl describe secrets admin-user-token-7r8t5  -n kubernetes-dashboard


DASH_TOCKEN=$(kubectl get secret admin-user-token-7r8t5  -n kubernetes-dashboard -o jsonpath={.data.token}|base64 -d)
# 1，创建cluster集群
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=/root/ca/k8s/ca.pem --server="https://192.168.6.20:6443" --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=/root/dashboard-admin.conf

#  2，创建credentials
DASH_TOCKEN=$(kubectl get secret admin-user-token-7r8t5  -n kubernetes-dashboard -o jsonpath={.data.token}|base64 -d)

kubectl config set-credentials dashboard-admin --token=$DASH_TOCKEN --kubeconfig=/root/dashboard-admin.conf

# 3，创建context
kubectl config set-context dashboard-admin@kubernetes --cluster=kubernetes --user=dashboard-admin --kubeconfig=/root/dashboard-admin.conf

# 4， 切换context的current-context
kubectl config use-context dashboard-admin@kubernetes --kubeconfig=/root/dashboard-admin.conf

把dashboard-admin.conf文件下载到电脑桌面，上传到kubeconfig处登录即可

k8s 官方文档
https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/access-cluster-api/