前言
这是Springboot扩展点系列的第5篇了,主要介绍一下SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor扩展点的功能特性、和实现方式。SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor与其他扩展点最明显的不同,就是在实际的业务开发场景中应用到的机会并不多,主要是在Spring内部应用,但是为什么还要了解呢?遇到能力强的人要学他三分,遇到优秀的应用模式,同样也应该学他三分,这便是我依然要花一些时间把他分享给大家的原因。
功能特性
如下图为SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor扩展点的UML类图,可以看出SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor继承了InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor接口,而InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor接口又继承了BeanPostProcessor,对于InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor和BeanPostProcessor接口的功能特性、实现方式示例、工作原理在Springboot扩展点之InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor和Springboot扩展点之BeanPostProcessor两篇文章中都分别作了详细的分享,有兴趣的小伙们可以移步收藏+关注,而在本篇文章中着重分享SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor接口独有的扩展方法。
1、SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcesso接口有三个扩展点,分别是predictBeanType()、determineCandidateConstructors()、getEarlyBeanReference();
2、predictBeanType()用于在Bean实例化前预测最终返回的Class类型,触发时机是在nstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor#postProcessBeforeInstantiation()之前,如果不能预测,则返回null或正确的Class;如果预测一个错误的Class,那么程序就会报错了(举个例子:如果形参beanClass是Student.class,返回时改成了Teacher.class,报错是毫无疑问的;那么问题来了:这么预测的意义在哪?这一点我没有太明白,有知道的小伙伴告诉我一下哈);
3、determineCandidateConstructors()
决定使用哪个构造器构造Bean,如果不指定,默认为null,即bean的无参构造方法;
(感觉这个扩展点意义不大,实际上构造器分为两类:无参构造方法,有参数构造方法,无非有参数的构造方法参数至少一个以上,用哪种构造器来构造Bean我感觉区别不大,打个比方:用普通碗吃饭与用金碗吃饭,对一些人来说可能是有区别的,对我来说,吃饱就好了,什么碗我不在乎,哈哈,小伙们你觉得呢?)
4、getEarlyBeanReference()
获得提前暴露的bean引用,主要用于Spring循环依赖问题的解决,如果Spring中检测不到循环依赖,这个方法不会被调用;当存在Spring循环依赖这种情况时,会在InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor#postProcessBeforeInstantiation方法触发执行之后执行;
public interface SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor extends InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor {
//预测Bean的类型,返回第一个预测成功的Class类型,如果不能预测返回null;
default Class<?> predictBeanType(Class<?> beanClass, String beanName) throws BeansException {
return null;
}
//决定使用哪个构造器构造Bean,如果不指定,默认为null,即bean的无参构造方法;
default Constructor<?>[] determineCandidateConstructors(Class<?> beanClass, String beanName)
throws BeansException {
return null;
}
//获得提前暴露的bean引用,主要用于Spring循环依赖问题的解决;
default Object getEarlyBeanReference(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
return bean;
}
}
实现方式
Student.java
定义一个Student类,然后注入一个Teacher类;
@Slf4j
@Component
public class Student {
private String name="xiao ming";
@Autowired
private Teacher teacher;
public Student() {
log.info("----student的无参数构造方法被执行");
}
public Student(String name) {
this.name = name;
log.info("----student的有参数构造方法被执行");
}
public Student(Teacher teacher) {
this.teacher = teacher;
log.info("----student的有参数构造方法(teacher)被执行");
}
public Student(String name, Teacher teacher) {
this.name = name;
this.teacher = teacher;
log.info("----student的有参数构造方法(name,teacher)被执行");
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Teacher getTeacher() {
return teacher;
}
public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {
log.info("----student中的setTeacher方法被调用");
this.teacher = teacher;
}
}
Teacher.java
定义一个Teacher类,然后给Teacher类注入一个Student类,这样Student类和Teacher类就形成了循环依赖,方便后面验验MySmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor#getEarlyBeanReference执行情况;
@Component
@Slf4j
public class Teacher {
private String name="li lao shi";
@Autowired
private Student student;
public Teacher() {
log.info("----teacher的无参数构造方法被执行");
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Student getStudent() {
return student;
}
public void setStudent(Student student) {
log.info("----teacher中的setStudent方法被调用");
this.student = student;
}
}
MySmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor
定义MySmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor类,实现SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor接口的predictBeanType方法、determineCandidateConstructors方法、getEarlyBeanReference方法、postProcessBeforeInstantiation方法;
@Component
@Slf4j
public class MySmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor implements SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor {
@Override
public Class<?> predictBeanType(Class<?> beanClass, String beanName) throws BeansException {
if (beanName.equals("student")) {
log.info("----predictBeanType方法被执行," + beanName);
return Student.class;
}
return null;
}
//student类里是有四个构造方法,这里可以选择实际是两个:
//一个无参数的构造方法,另一个是形参数是Teacher类型的
@Override
public Constructor<?>[] determineCandidateConstructors(Class<?> beanClass, String beanName) throws BeansException {
if (beanName.equals("student") ) {
log.info("----determineCandidateConstructors方法被执行," + beanName);
Constructor<?> constructor = beanClass.getConstructors()[3];
Constructor<?>[] constructors={constructor};
return constructors;
}
return null;
}
@Override
public Object getEarlyBeanReference(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
if (beanName.equals("student") ) {
log.info("----getEarlyBeanReference方法被执行," + beanName);
}
return bean;
}
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInstantiation(Class<?> beanClass, String beanName) throws BeansException {
if (beanName.equals("student")) {
log.info("----postProcessBeforeInstantiation方法被执行,beanName:"+beanName);
return null;
}
return null;
}
}
单元测试验证
@Test
public void test3(){
log.info("----单元测试执行开始");
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext("com.fanfu");
Teacher student = context.getBean(Teacher.class);
log.info("student的实际ClassName是----:"+student.getClass().getName());
log.info("----单元测试执行完毕");
}
总结
以上内容就是Springboot的SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor扩展点的全部内容,主要分享了功能特性和实现方式,之所以没有介绍其工作原理,是因为我发现,这个扩展点实际上很鸡肋,Spring的内部有使用,但是也很少,在实际业务开发中,很难用到,所以再长篇介绍其工作原理没有什么意义,然后就偷个赖啦(不要打我哦)。
完整的实现方式示例项目地址:https://gitcode.net/fox9916/fanfu-web.git