前言
在许多卫星应用场景中，我们需要 基于 TLE（Two-Line Element Set, 两行根数）计算卫星轨迹，并在地图上进行可视化。本文将使用 Vue 3 + OpenLayers + satellite.js，实现 实时计算卫星轨迹，并在地图上动态更新卫星位置，最终效果如下：

📌 功能概览：

1. 解析 TLE 数据，计算卫星位置和轨迹。
2. 使用 OpenLayers 渲染地图，并展示卫星运动轨迹。
3. 每秒动态更新卫星位置，显示卫星的实时飞行状态。

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1. 依赖安装

首先，我们需要安装以下依赖：

• OpenLayers：用于地图渲染和矢量图层管理。
• satellite.js：用于解析 TLE 并计算卫星轨迹。
• dayjs：用于处理时间。

在 Vue 3 项目中运行以下命令：

npm install ol satellite.js dayjs

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2. 代码实现

<!--
 * @Author: 彭麒
 * @Date: 2025/3/7
 * @Email: 1062470959@qq.com
 * @Description: 此源码版权归吉檀迦俐所有，可供学习和借鉴或商用。
 -->
<template>
  <div class="container">
    <div class="w-full flex justify-center flex-wrap">
      <div class="font-bold text-[24px]">在Vue3中使用OpenLayers根据两行根数计算并显示卫星轨迹（EPSG:3857）</div>
    </div>
    <div id="vue-openlayers"></div>
  </div>
</template>

<script setup>
import { ref, onMounted, onBeforeUnmount } from "vue";
import "ol/ol.css";
import Map from "ol/Map";
import View from "ol/View";
import OSM from "ol/source/OSM";
import TileLayer from "ol/layer/Tile";
import VectorLayer from "ol/layer/Vector";
import VectorSource from "ol/source/Vector";
import { Point, LineString } from "ol/geom";
import Feature from "ol/Feature";
import Style from "ol/style/Style";
import Stroke from "ol/style/Stroke";
import Icon from "ol/style/Icon";
import { fromLonLat } from "ol/proj";
import * as satellite from 'satellite.js'; // 引入 satellite.js 库
import dayjs from "dayjs";
import utc from "dayjs/plugin/utc";
import satimg from '@/assets/OpenLayers/satellite.png'; // 引入卫星图标
dayjs.extend(utc);

const map = ref(null);
// const satimg = new URL("../assets/img/satellite.svg", import.meta.url).href;
const tleLine1 =
  "1 25544U 98067A   19156.50900463  .00003075  00000-0  59442-4 0  9992";
const tleLine2 =
  "2 25544  51.6433  59.2583 0008217  16.4489 347.6017 15.51174618173442";
const satelliteSource = new VectorSource({ wrapX: true });
const satelliteTrackSource = new VectorSource({ wrapX: true });
let timerId = null;

// 计算卫星轨迹
const getSatTrack = () => {
  let curTime = new Date();
  let lineData = [];
  for (let i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
    let newTimePoint = dayjs(curTime).add(i, "minute").toDate();
    lineData.push(onePoint(newTimePoint));
  }
  showTrack(lineData);
};

// 根据时间获取卫星的坐标点
const onePoint = (timePoint) => {
  let satrec = satellite.twoline2satrec(tleLine1, tleLine2);
  let positionAndVelocity = satellite.propagate(satrec, timePoint);
  let positionEci = positionAndVelocity.position;
  let gmst = satellite.gstime(timePoint);
  let positionGd = satellite.eciToGeodetic(positionEci, gmst);
  let lon = satellite.degreesLong(positionGd.longitude);
  let lat = satellite.degreesLat(positionGd.latitude);
  return fromLonLat([lon, lat]);
};

// 获取卫星信息
const getSatInfo = () => {
  let curPoint = onePoint(new Date());
  let futurePoint = onePoint(dayjs(new Date()).add(5, "minute").toDate());
  let dx = futurePoint[0] - curPoint[0];
  let dy = futurePoint[1] - curPoint[1];
  let rotation = Math.atan2(dy, dx) + 0.887;
  showPoint(curPoint, -rotation);
};

// 显示卫星
const showPoint = (coords, rotation) => {
  satelliteSource.clear();
  let pointFeature = new Feature({
    geometry: new Point(coords),
  });
  pointFeature.setStyle(satStyle(rotation));
  satelliteSource.addFeature(pointFeature);
};

// 显示卫星轨迹
const showTrack = (coords) => {
  satelliteTrackSource.clear();
  let lineFeature = new Feature({
    geometry: new LineString(coords),
  });
  lineFeature.setStyle(trackStyle());
  satelliteTrackSource.addFeature(lineFeature);
};

// 轨迹样式
const trackStyle = () =>
  new Style({
    stroke: new Stroke({
      width: 2,
      color: "orange",
    }),
  });

// 卫星样式
const satStyle = (rotation) =>
  new Style({
    image: new Icon({
      src: satimg,
      anchor: [0.5, 0.5],
      color: "#f00",
      scale: 0.1,
      rotation: rotation,
    }),
  });

const initMap = () => {
  map.value = new Map({
    target: "vue-openlayers",
    layers: [
      new TileLayer({ source: new OSM() }),
      new VectorLayer({ source: satelliteTrackSource }),
      new VectorLayer({ source: satelliteSource }),
    ],
    view: new View({
      center: fromLonLat([116, 39]),
      projection: "EPSG:3857",
      zoom: 2,
    }),
  });

  getSatTrack();
  timerId = setInterval(getSatInfo, 1000);
};

onMounted(initMap);

onBeforeUnmount(() => {
  clearInterval(timerId);
});
</script>

<style scoped>
.container {
  width: 840px;
  height: 520px;
  margin: 50px auto;
  border: 1px solid #42b983;
}
#vue-openlayers {
  width: 800px;
  height: 400px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  border: 1px solid #42b983;
  position: relative;
}
</style>

---

3. 运行效果

🌍 实现功能：

• 地图加载后，自动计算卫星轨迹。
• 每秒更新卫星位置，展示实时飞行状态。
• 卫星图标旋转，与飞行方向一致。

📌 优化方向：

1. 支持更多 TLE 数据，让用户输入不同的卫星信息。
2. 交互优化，点击卫星查看详细参数。
3. 动态轨迹，持续绘制最新轨迹点，而不是每次清空重绘。

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4. 结语

本文介绍了如何使用 Vue 3 + OpenLayers + satellite.js 计算并展示 卫星轨迹，希望对你有所帮助！🚀 如果觉得有用，欢迎点赞、收藏！ 🎉