文章目录
- Windows下载
- MongoDB Compass使用
- NoSQL的基本概念
- MongoDB常用术语
- MongoDB与RDBMS区别
- MongoDB的CRUD
更多相关内容可查看
Docker安装MongoDB可查看:Docker-安装MongoDB
Windows下载
官网下载地址:https://www.mongodb.com/try/download/community
按需选择下载,我这里下载的是Windows x64
解压完双击安装进入以下页面
接受协议,下一步
选择custom可以自定义安装路径
点击Browse可以选择安装路径
选择完后直接next
这里默认会帮助我们创建data及log路径,next
这里可以按需选择安装MongoDB Compass,选择会稍微慢一些,但为了方便还是建议直接顺手安装
MongoDB Compass使用
安装完会自动打开如下界面,开启你的MongoDB操作
点击Connection 旁的+号 进行链接
可填写相关链接的信息
链接成功如图
断开链接
创建数据库
给创建的数据库添加数据
添加数据示例
查询数据示例
修改删除数据
导入导出
导出json示例
这里可以理解为写sql的界面
例如linux的命令行了在文章底部有代码可以copy使用
NoSQL的基本概念
- 什么是NoSQL?
NoSQL是“Not Only SQL”的缩写,代表了一类非关系型数据库,主要用于处理大规模数据存储和高并发访问。与传统的关系型数据库(如MySQL、PostgreSQL)不同,NoSQL数据库没有固定的表结构,能够灵活存储多种数据类型,包括结构化、半结构化和非结构化数据。
NoSQL数据库代表“不仅仅是SQL”或“不是SQL”
- NoSQL的分类
- 文档数据库:以文档形式存储数据,适合存储JSON格式数据,如MongoDB和CouchDB。
- 键值存储:通过键值对存储数据,适合高速读取,如Redis和DynamoDB。
- 列族存储:将数据存储在列中,适合分析场景,如Cassandra和HBase。
- 图数据库:以图结构存储数据,适合处理复杂关系,如Neo4j和ArangoDB。
MongoDB常用术语
生态图示例:
术语 | 说明 |
---|---|
_id | 每个 MongoDB 文档中必填的字段,表示文档的唯一值,类似于主键。如果新文档中没有 _id 字段,MongoDB 会自动创建。 |
集合 | MongoDB 文档的分组,相当于关系数据库中的表,集合存在于单个数据库中,不强制执行任何结构。 |
游标 | 指向查询结果集的指针,客户可以遍历游标以检索结果。 |
数据库 | 类似于 RDMS 中的集合容器,存储表的容器,每个数据库在文件系统上都有自己的文件集,MongoDB 服务器可存储多个数据库。 |
文档 | MongoDB 集合中的记录,包含字段名称和值。 |
字段 | 文档中的名称/值对,一个文档具有零个或多个字段,类似于关系数据库中的列。 |
MongoDB与RDBMS区别
SQL 术语/概念 | MongoDB 术语/概念 | 解释/说明 |
---|---|---|
database | 数据库 | |
table | collection | 数据表/集合 |
row | document | 数据记录行/文档 |
column | field | 数据字段/域 |
index | index | 索引 |
table joins | 表连接 | MongoDB 不支持 |
primary key | primary key | 主键,MongoDB 自动将 _id 字段设置为主键 |
MongoDB的CRUD
Insert
> db.inventory.insertOne(
{ item: "canvas", qty: 100, tags: ["cotton"], size: { h: 28, w: 35.5, uom: "cm" } }
)
{
"acknowledged" : true,
"insertedId" : ObjectId("5f1f8a9a099483199e74737c")
}
> db.inventory.insertMany([
{ item: "journal", qty: 25, tags: ["blank", "red"], size: { h: 14, w: 21, uom: "cm" } },
{ item: "mat", qty: 85, tags: ["gray"], size: { h: 27.9, w: 35.5, uom: "cm" } },
{ item: "mousepad", qty: 25, tags: ["gel", "blue"], size: { h: 19, w: 22.85, uom: "cm" } }
])
{
"acknowledged" : true,
"insertedIds" : [
ObjectId("5f1f8aa8099483199e74737d"),
ObjectId("5f1f8aa8099483199e74737e"),
ObjectId("5f1f8aa8099483199e74737f")
]
}
> db.inventory.find( {} )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f8a9a099483199e74737c"), "item" : "canvas", "qty" : 100, "tags" : [ "cotton" ], "size" : { "h" : 28, "w" : 35.5, "uom" : "cm" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f8aa8099483199e74737d"), "item" : "journal", "qty" : 25, "tags" : [ "blank", "red" ], "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "cm" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f8aa8099483199e74737e"), "item" : "mat", "qty" : 85, "tags" : [ "gray" ], "size" : { "h" : 27.9, "w" : 35.5, "uom" : "cm" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f8aa8099483199e74737f"), "item" : "mousepad", "qty" : 25, "tags" : [ "gel", "blue" ], "size" : { "h" : 19, "w" : 22.85, "uom" : "cm" } }
>
Query
> db.inventory.find( {} )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f8a9a099483199e74737c"), "item" : "canvas", "qty" : 100, "tags" : [ "cotton" ], "size" : { "h" : 28, "w" : 35.5, "uom" : "cm" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f8aa8099483199e74737d"), "item" : "journal", "qty" : 25, "tags" : [ "blank", "red" ], "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "cm" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f8aa8099483199e74737e"), "item" : "mat", "qty" : 85, "tags" : [ "gray" ], "size" : { "h" : 27.9, "w" : 35.5, "uom" : "cm" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f8aa8099483199e74737f"), "item" : "mousepad", "qty" : 25, "tags" : [ "gel", "blue" ], "size" : { "h" : 19, "w" : 22.85, "uom" : "cm" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a78"), "item" : "journal", "qty" : 25, "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a79"), "item" : "notebook", "qty" : 50, "size" : { "h" : 8.5, "w" : 11, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a7a"), "item" : "paper", "qty" : 100, "size" : { "h" : 8.5, "w" : 11, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "D" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a7b"), "item" : "planner", "qty" : 75, "size" : { "h" : 22.85, "w" : 30, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "D" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a7c"), "item" : "postcard", "qty" : 45, "size" : { "h" : 10, "w" : 15.25, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
> db.inventory.find( { status: "D" } )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a7a"), "item" : "paper", "qty" : 100, "size" : { "h" : 8.5, "w" : 11, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "D" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a7b"), "item" : "planner", "qty" : 75, "size" : { "h" : 22.85, "w" : 30, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "D" }
> db.inventory.find( { status: { $in: [ "A", "D" ] } } )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a78"), "item" : "journal", "qty" : 25, "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a79"), "item" : "notebook", "qty" : 50, "size" : { "h" : 8.5, "w" : 11, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a7a"), "item" : "paper", "qty" : 100, "size" : { "h" : 8.5, "w" : 11, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "D" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a7b"), "item" : "planner", "qty" : 75, "size" : { "h" : 22.85, "w" : 30, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "D" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a7c"), "item" : "postcard", "qty" : 45, "size" : { "h" : 10, "w" : 15.25, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
> db.inventory.find( { status: "A", qty: { $lt: 30 } } )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a78"), "item" : "journal", "qty" : 25, "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
> db.inventory.find( { $or: [ { status: "A" }, { qty: { $lt: 30 } } ] } )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f8aa8099483199e74737d"), "item" : "journal", "qty" : 25, "tags" : [ "blank", "red" ], "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "cm" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f8aa8099483199e74737f"), "item" : "mousepad", "qty" : 25, "tags" : [ "gel", "blue" ], "size" : { "h" : 19, "w" : 22.85, "uom" : "cm" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a78"), "item" : "journal", "qty" : 25, "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a79"), "item" : "notebook", "qty" : 50, "size" : { "h" : 8.5, "w" : 11, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a7c"), "item" : "postcard", "qty" : 45, "size" : { "h" : 10, "w" : 15.25, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
> db.inventory.find( {
status: "A",
$or: [ { qty: { $lt: 30 } }, { item: /^p/ } ]
} )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a78"), "item" : "journal", "qty" : 25, "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f94de4326f1d6a51d3a7c"), "item" : "postcard", "qty" : 45, "size" : { "h" : 10, "w" : 15.25, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
>
Update
> db.inventory.insertMany( [
{ item: "canvas", qty: 100, size: { h: 28, w: 35.5, uom: "cm" }, status: "A" },
{ item: "journal", qty: 25, size: { h: 14, w: 21, uom: "cm" }, status: "A" },
{ item: "mat", qty: 85, size: { h: 27.9, w: 35.5, uom: "cm" }, status: "A" },
{ item: "mousepad", qty: 25, size: { h: 19, w: 22.85, uom: "cm" }, status: "P" },
{ item: "notebook", qty: 50, size: { h: 8.5, w: 11, uom: "in" }, status: "P" },
{ item: "paper", qty: 100, size: { h: 8.5, w: 11, uom: "in" }, status: "D" },
{ item: "planner", qty: 75, size: { h: 22.85, w: 30, uom: "cm" }, status: "D" },
{ item: "postcard", qty: 45, size: { h: 10, w: 15.25, uom: "cm" }, status: "A" },
{ item: "sketchbook", qty: 80, size: { h: 14, w: 21, uom: "cm" }, status: "A" },
{ item: "sketch pad", qty: 95, size: { h: 22.85, w: 30.5, uom: "cm" }, status: "A" }
] );
{
"acknowledged" : true,
"insertedIds" : [
ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a7d"),
ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a7e"),
ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a7f"),
ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a80"),
ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a81"),
ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a82"),
ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a83"),
ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a84"),
ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a85"),
ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a86")
]
}
> db.inventory.updateOne(
{ item: "paper" },
{
$set: { "size.uom": "cm", status: "P" },
$currentDate: { lastModified: true }
}
)
{ "acknowledged" : true, "matchedCount" : 1, "modifiedCount" : 1 }
> db.inventory.find( {} )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a7d"), "item" : "canvas", "qty" : 100, "size" : { "h" : 28, "w" : 35.5, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a7e"), "item" : "journal", "qty" : 25, "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a7f"), "item" : "mat", "qty" : 85, "size" : { "h" : 27.9, "w" : 35.5, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a80"), "item" : "mousepad", "qty" : 25, "size" : { "h" : 19, "w" : 22.85, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "P" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a81"), "item" : "notebook", "qty" : 50, "size" : { "h" : 8.5, "w" : 11, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "P" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a82"), "item" : "paper", "qty" : 100, "size" : { "h" : 8.5, "w" : 11, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "P", "lastModified" : ISODate("2020-07-28T03:09:17.014Z") }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a83"), "item" : "planner", "qty" : 75, "size" : { "h" : 22.85, "w" : 30, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "D" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a84"), "item" : "postcard", "qty" : 45, "size" : { "h" : 10, "w" : 15.25, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a85"), "item" : "sketchbook", "qty" : 80, "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a86"), "item" : "sketch pad", "qty" : 95, "size" : { "h" : 22.85, "w" : 30.5, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
db.inventory.updateMany(
{ "qty": { $lt: 50 } },
{
$set: { "size.uom": "in", status: "P" },
$currentDate: { lastModified: true }
}
)
{ "acknowledged" : true, "matchedCount" : 3, "modifiedCount" : 3 }
> db.inventory.find( {} )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a7d"), "item" : "canvas", "qty" : 100, "size" : { "h" : 28, "w" : 35.5, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a7e"), "item" : "journal", "qty" : 25, "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "P", "lastModified" : ISODate("2020-07-28T04:33:50.391Z") }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a7f"), "item" : "mat", "qty" : 85, "size" : { "h" : 27.9, "w" : 35.5, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a80"), "item" : "mousepad", "qty" : 25, "size" : { "h" : 19, "w" : 22.85, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "P", "lastModified" : ISODate("2020-07-28T04:33:50.391Z") }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a81"), "item" : "notebook", "qty" : 50, "size" : { "h" : 8.5, "w" : 11, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "P" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a82"), "item" : "paper", "qty" : 100, "size" : { "h" : 8.5, "w" : 11, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "P", "lastModified" : ISODate("2020-07-28T03:09:17.014Z") }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a83"), "item" : "planner", "qty" : 75, "size" : { "h" : 22.85, "w" : 30, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "D" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a84"), "item" : "postcard", "qty" : 45, "size" : { "h" : 10, "w" : 15.25, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "P", "lastModified" : ISODate("2020-07-28T04:33:50.392Z") }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a85"), "item" : "sketchbook", "qty" : 80, "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a86"), "item" : "sketch pad", "qty" : 95, "size" : { "h" : 22.85, "w" : 30.5, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
>
> db.inventory.replaceOne(
{ item: "paper" },
{ item: "paper", instock: [ { warehouse: "A", qty: 60 }, { warehouse: "B", qty: 40 } ] }
)
{ "acknowledged" : true, "matchedCount" : 1, "modifiedCount" : 1 }
> db.inventory.find( {} )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a7d"), "item" : "canvas", "qty" : 100, "size" : { "h" : 28, "w" : 35.5, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a7e"), "item" : "journal", "qty" : 25, "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "P", "lastModified" : ISODate("2020-07-28T04:33:50.391Z") }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a7f"), "item" : "mat", "qty" : 85, "size" : { "h" : 27.9, "w" : 35.5, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a80"), "item" : "mousepad", "qty" : 25, "size" : { "h" : 19, "w" : 22.85, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "P", "lastModified" : ISODate("2020-07-28T04:33:50.391Z") }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a81"), "item" : "notebook", "qty" : 50, "size" : { "h" : 8.5, "w" : 11, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "P" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a82"), "item" : "paper", "instock" : [ { "warehouse" : "A", "qty" : 60 }, { "warehouse" : "B", "qty" : 40 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a83"), "item" : "planner", "qty" : 75, "size" : { "h" : 22.85, "w" : 30, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "D" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a84"), "item" : "postcard", "qty" : 45, "size" : { "h" : 10, "w" : 15.25, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "P", "lastModified" : ISODate("2020-07-28T04:33:50.392Z") }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a85"), "item" : "sketchbook", "qty" : 80, "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a86"), "item" : "sketch pad", "qty" : 95, "size" : { "h" : 22.85, "w" : 30.5, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "A" }
>
Delete
> db.inventory.deleteMany({ status : "A" })
{ "acknowledged" : true, "deletedCount" : 4 }
> db.inventory.find( {} )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a7e"), "item" : "journal", "qty" : 25, "size" : { "h" : 14, "w" : 21, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "P", "lastModified" : ISODate("2020-07-28T04:33:50.391Z") }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a80"), "item" : "mousepad", "qty" : 25, "size" : { "h" : 19, "w" : 22.85, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "P", "lastModified" : ISODate("2020-07-28T04:33:50.391Z") }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a81"), "item" : "notebook", "qty" : 50, "size" : { "h" : 8.5, "w" : 11, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "P" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a82"), "item" : "paper", "instock" : [ { "warehouse" : "A", "qty" : 60 }, { "warehouse" : "B", "qty" : 40 } ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a83"), "item" : "planner", "qty" : 75, "size" : { "h" : 22.85, "w" : 30, "uom" : "cm" }, "status" : "D" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5f1f96cf4326f1d6a51d3a84"), "item" : "postcard", "qty" : 45, "size" : { "h" : 10, "w" : 15.25, "uom" : "in" }, "status" : "P", "lastModified" : ISODate("2020-07-28T04:33:50.392Z") }
BulkWrite(批量操作)
try {
db.characters.bulkWrite(
[
{ insertOne :
{
"document" :
{
"_id" : 4, "char" : "Dithras", "class" : "barbarian", "lvl" : 4
}
}
},
{ insertOne :
{
"document" :
{
"_id" : 5, "char" : "Taeln", "class" : "fighter", "lvl" : 3
}
}
},
{ updateOne :
{
"filter" : { "char" : "Eldon" },
"update" : { $set : { "status" : "Critical Injury" } }
}
},
{ deleteOne :
{ "filter" : { "char" : "Brisbane"} }
},
{ replaceOne :
{
"filter" : { "char" : "Meldane" },
"replacement" : { "char" : "Tanys", "class" : "oracle", "lvl" : 4 }
}
}
]
);
}
catch (e) {
print(e);
}