Ubuntu下使用VsCode搭建C++开发环境

1、基本工具的安装

首先Ubuntu下安装好C++开发的一个些基本工具g++、gdb、make、cmake等，安装方式点这里

检查一下安装环境

$ g++ --version
g++ (Ubuntu 11.4.0-1ubuntu1~22.04) 11.4.0
Copyright (C) 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

$ gdb --version
GNU gdb (Ubuntu 12.1-0ubuntu1~22.04.2) 12.1
Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

$ make --version
GNU Make 4.3
Built for x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
Copyright (C) 1988-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

$ cmake --version
cmake version 3.22.1

CMake suite maintained and supported by Kitware (kitware.com/cmake).

2、VsCode环境搭建

打开vscode（未安装则自行安装vscode），点击extension，搜索C++，安装c/c++插件

安装完成后，测试一下，创建一个新目录cpp_proj_test，用vscode打开，创建一个main.cpp文件，内容如下：

// main.cpp
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    cout << "Hello World!!!!!" << endl;
    return 0;
}

保存后，按ctrl+F5 不调试直接执行程序

这里选择上面第二个c/c++这个编译器，点击后如下

正常编译，查看一下下面TERMINAL终端面板，成功编译并执行了

这时，我们的cpp_proj_test项目目录下，多了一个编译结果文件main，以及vscode工程项目的专用配置文件.vscode/tasks.json ，如下所示

tasks.json的内容如下

{
    "tasks": [
        {
            "type": "cppbuild",
            "label": "C/C++: g++ build active file",
            "command": "/usr/bin/g++",
            "args": [
                "-fdiagnostics-color=always",
                "-g",
                "${file}",
                "-o",
                "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}"
            ],
            "options": {
                "cwd": "${fileDirname}"
            },
            "problemMatcher": [
                "$gcc"
            ],
            "group": {
                "kind": "build",
                "isDefault": true
            },
            "detail": "Task generated by Debugger."
        }
    ],
    "version": "2.0.0"
}

3、vscode编译调试环境配置

vscode中的重要的配置文件主要有三个：c_cpp_properties.json，launch.json，tasks.json

1）c_cpp_properties.json配置

该文件是编译器的配置文件，配置包含：gcc/g++路径、include头文件路径、C++标准等。

按下ctrl+shift+P ，输入c/c++:Edit Configurations ，出现如下，选择下面第二个，自动创建一个配置文件

{
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "Linux",
            "includePath": [
                "${workspaceFolder}/**"
            ],
            "defines": [],
            "compilerPath": "/usr/bin/gcc",
            "cStandard": "c17",
            "cppStandard": "gnu++17",
            "intelliSenseMode": "linux-gcc-x64"
        }
    ],
    "version": 4
}

2）launch.json 配置

该文件是debug调试C/C++程序（执行out文件）的配置文件，配置包含：debug类型等；tasks.json 文件告诉vscode如何编译cpp程序。这会调用 g++ 编译器将源文件编译成可执行文件。为了方便VScode编译C++代码，可以将include头文件、lib动态链接库等路径写入 tasks.json配置文件里。

点击左侧的运行与调试 ，出现下面的面板

点击create a launch.json file 创建一个启动配置文件 launch,json如下：

{
    // Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
    // Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
    // For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": []
}

将launch.json配置文件修改为如下所示:

{
    // Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
    // Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
    // For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            /* 配置名称，将会在启动配置的下拉菜单中显示 */
            "name": "(gdb) Launch",
            /* 配置类型，cppdbg类型 */
            "type": "cppdbg",
            /* 请求配置类型，可以为launch（启动）或attach（附加） */
            "request": "launch",
            /* 将要进行调试的程序的路径 */
            "program": "${workspaceFolder}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}.out",
            /* 程序调试时传递给程序的命令行参数，一般设为空即可 */
            "args": [],
            /* 设为true时程序将暂停在程序入口处，一般设置为false */
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            /* 调试程序时的工作目录 */
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
            "environment": [],
            /* 调试时是否显示控制台窗口，一般设置为true显示控制台 */
            "externalConsole": true,
            "MIMode": "gdb",
            "preLaunchTask": "build",
            "setupCommands": [
                {
                    "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
                    "ignoreFailures": true
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
}

保存配置，进入main.cpp页面，再次按下ctrl+F5，弹出如下界面，提示未找到任务build

我们点击Debug Aanyway后，出现这个调试窗口，则表示成功；

如需要消除上面的的task任务缺失弹框，可进一步配置Tasks.json，

3）tasks.json 配置

该文件是编译C/C++程序（生成out文件）的配置文件，配置包含：include头文件路径、lib链接库路径等

按键输入ctrl+shift+P，输入搜索Tasks: Run Task如下，

点击Tasks: Run Task，进入后，鼠标移动到c/c++: g++ build activate file后面的齿轮配置按钮

点击齿轮按钮Configure Task，打开Tasks.json配置文件，如下所示

前面launch.json中的"preLaunchTask": "build",属性，预启动的任务设置为build，则，我们需要修改tasks.json的label同样也为build即可；
修改后如下:

{
    "tasks": [
        {
            "type": "cppbuild",
            "label": "build",
            "command": "/usr/bin/g++",
            "args": [
                "-fdiagnostics-color=always",
                "-g","${file}",
                "-o","${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}",
                /* 项目所需的头文件路径 */
                "-I","${workspaceFolder}/include",
                "-I", "/usr/include",
				"-I", "/usr/local/include",
                /* 项目所需的库文件路径 */
                "-L", "/usr/local/lib",
            ],
            "options": {
                "cwd": "${fileDirname}"
            },
            "problemMatcher": [
                "$gcc"
            ],
            "group": {
                "kind": "build",
                "isDefault": true
            },
            "detail": "Task generated by Debugger."
        }
    ],
    "version": "2.0.0"
}

再次按下ctrl+F5，则不会再提示了