第一节 句子的拆分与重组
核心原则：拆主干，补修饰
一、句子的拆分与重组
1.青藏铁路是世界最高最长的高原铁路。（“的”字前面所有去掉，就是句子主干）
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway is the highest and longest plateau railway in the wold.
2.青藏铁路大大缩短了中国内地与西藏之间的旅行时间。
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has greatly shortened the travel time between mainland China and Tibet.
3.这座跨度巨大的钢筋混凝土大桥充分证明中国有能力建造创世界纪录的巨型建筑。
The reinforced concrete bridge with a huge span proves that China has the ability to complete record-breaking and mega-construction projects.
两个v. （1）Prove sth.证明某事 （2）prove that China has ability
4.翻译不精准，酌情减分；错误则扣分
3.真题（2019.12）
牡丹（peony）花色艳丽，形象高雅，象征着和平与繁荣，因而在中国被称为“花中之王”。中国许多地方都培育和种植牡丹。
The peony,boasting bright colors and an elegant appearance,is a symbol of peace and prosperity and thus recognized as “king of the flowers”in China.Peonies are bred and grown in many parts of the country.
现在，成千上万的国内外游客蜂拥而至到洛阳参加一年一度的牡丹节，欣赏洛阳牡丹的独特之美，同时探索九朝古都的历史。
Nowadays, thousands of tourists from home and abroad flock to Luoyang for the annual Peony Festival to admire the unique beauty of the city's peonies and explore the history of the ancient capital of nine dynasties.
二、逗号的处理方式
1.北京大兴国际机场位于天安门广场以南46公里处，于2019年9月30日投入使用。该臣型工程于2014年开工建设，高峰时工地上有4万多工人。航站楼设计紧凑，可以允许最大数量的飞机直按停靠在最靠近航楼中心的位置，这给乘客提供了极大的方便。航站楼共有82个登机口，但乘客通过安检后，只需不到8分钟就能抵达任何一个登机口。
Beijing Daxing International Airport, which is located 46 .kilometers south of the Tianan men Square, was put into operation on 30, September, 2019.
PS:汉语中，一句话中的逗号可以并列多个动词，这在中文里称为“流水句”。而英文中，一句话里，只能存在一个真正的谓语动词，剩下的动词要么时在从句里，要么以非谓语的形式出现。
2.该巨型工程于2014年开工建设，高峰时工地上有4万多工人。
This huge project started construction in 2014, with .more than 40, 000 workers on the construction site atthe peak.
3.航站楼设计紧凑，可以允许最大数量的飞机直接停靠在最靠近航站楼中心的位置，这给乘客提供了极大的方便。
The terminals feature a compact design to allow the maximum number of planes to park closest to their centre, which offers passengers great convenience.
sth. feature sth. ...有着...的特点
第二节 修饰语的处理方式
三、修饰语的处理
（一）核心原理：如何处理“的”字
1.名词修饰名词/形容词修饰名词
1.1表示被修饰物的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别—paper money
1.2名词修饰名词（最常见）—famous flowers
2. A of B=B的A
牡丹的栽培中心—a center of peony cultivation/九朝古都的历史—the history of this ancient capital of nine dynasties.
3.名词所有格=n’s
*何时用’s形式
3.1有生命的事物或自然界独一无二的事物—the world’s , people’s life
3.2表示时间、距离、金额、国家或城市的所属—the city’s scenic spots , two hours’drive
4.介词修饰名词=n+任意介词
With、by
5.定语从句修饰
5.1当‘的’字前面有动作时）
有经验的教师能够设计出适合不同学习基础学生的课程。
Experienced teachers can design courses that are tailored for students at different levels.
5.2当表示在某个时间段发生了某事
南京市已经将梅花定为市花，每年举办梅花节，成千上万的人冒着严寒到梅花山踏雪赏梅。
The city of Nanjing has designated plum blossom as the city flower and holds the flower festival every year , when tens of thousands of people braved the bitter cold to walk in the snow and appreciate the flower.（英文中逗号是有关系的，表什么逻辑关系的）
5.3当表示在某个地点发生了某事
荷花历来是诗人画家创作的重要题材。荷花盛开的地方也是许多摄影爱好者经常光顾之地。
Lotus has long been an important theme for the creation of poetas and painters and the place where lotus blossoms becomes the resort of many photography enthusiasts.
5.4介词+which引导的定语从句
这部小说采用了大量中国民间故事和神话的素材，创造了各种栩栩如生的人物和动物形象，其中最著名的就是孙悟空。
The book adopts a multitude/number of materials of Chinese folk tales and myths , creating various vivid characters and animals , among which（上文的其中）the most famous is Monkey King.
青藏铁路是世界上最高最长的高原铁路，全长1956公里，其中有960公里在海拔4000多米之上，是连接西藏和中国其他地区的第一条铁路。
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway is the highest and longest plateau railway in the world , with a total length of 1956km , of which 960km is more than 4000 meters above sea level.
5.5which句中暗含因果逻辑
针对这一问题，中国政府正开始发起低碳行动，这将推动其未来的增长，发展和能源安全目标。
In order to tackle the problem , Chinese government starts a low-carbaon action which will foster its future growth , development and energy security objectives.
6.分词修饰（n.+Ving/Ved）
（二）状语的添加
1.时间状语
1.1在...时候
at 10o’clock=at+用于某天的某个具体时间
on Monday=on+具体某天
In 2021=in+某个时间段
1.2当...时候
when/whenever... 、afer/before...、as soon as...、as...、by the time、not...until...、since
2.地点状语
2.1 这部文学作品，以三国时期的历史为背景，描写了从公元二世纪下半叶到公元三世纪的魏、蜀、吴三国之间的战争。
Against the backdrop of the Three Kingdom periods, it describes the wars among three states of Wei, Shu and Wu from the second half of the second century AD to the third century AD.
3.原因/结果/目的状语
4.条件状语
6.伴随状语（伴随着主句动作发生的状态。）
6.1分词结构
6.1.1
They stand there quietly, watching a game.
The bell rings, announcing the end of the class.
The teacher stood there, surrounded by his students.Moved by the movie, we all cried.
• 两个动作都由一个主语发生的时候
6.1.2
欧盟已经成为中国的重要经贸伙伴，是中国最大的技术供应方 、第三大贸易伙伴和第五大实际投资方。
The EU has now become an important economic and trade partner of China, working as the largest technology supplier, the third largest trading partner and the fifth largest actual investor in China.
6.2with的独立主格结构
四、非谓语动词（核心原则：记好词组搭配）
1.动名词
1.1动词位于句子的开头
Eating too much is bad for your health.
1.2做动词后面的宾语
I like playing basketball very much.
1.3介词后跟动词ing
Stamps are used for sending letters.
1.4be动词后跟动词ing
His hobby is collecting stamps.
2.不定式
2.1主语动词用不定式
To speak English is not easy for us. = It is not easy for us to speak English.
2.2be动词后跟动词不定式
My work is to clean the room everyday.=To clean the room every day is my work.
2.3谓语动词后接动词不定式
He likes to play basketball.
2.4宾语补足语的位置接动词不定式
My mother made me play the piano all the time.
(在 make, let, see, hear， watch 等使役、感官动词后，常省略to)
2.5状语的位置用不定式(一般都是目的状语)
I went to the library to study English.不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要 和句子的主语一致。
e.g 「2021.6 六级翻译」
云南是位于中国西南的一个省份，平均海拔1500 米。云南历史悠 久，风景秀丽，气候宜人。
Yunnan is a province （that is）located in the southwest of China / in southwest China, with its average altitude of 1,500 metres. Yunnan features a long history, picturesque landscapes and pleasant climate.
云南生态环境优越，生物多种多样，被誉为野生动植物的天堂。云南还有多 种矿 藏和充足的水资源，为全省经济的可持绫发展提供了有利条件。
With its superior ecological environment and diverse species, Yunnan is recognized as a paradise of wild animals and plants. In addition, Yunnan boasts abundant mineral and water resources, providing favourable conditions for its sustainable development.
云南居住着25个少数民族，他们大多有自己的语言、习俗和宗教。
Yunnan is home to 25 ethnic minorities, who have their own languages, customs and religions.
云南独特的自然景色和丰富的民族文化使其成为中国最受欢迎的旅游目的地 之一，每年都吸引着大批国内外游客前往观光旅游。
The unique natural scenery and the rich ethnic cultures make Yunnan one of the most popular tourist destinations in China, which attracts domestic and foreign tourists in their multitudes every year.
第三节 句子的增译与省译
五、增译与省译
1.增译 （ 核心原则：添补 / 删除成分）
1.1增加代词或主语
没有调查就没有发言权
He who makes no investigation has no right to speak.
※一般主语不明的情况下，会优先选择使用被动语态，而不会增添主语。
1.1.2增加动词后的宾语代词和代词
我收到了你的来信，并且愉快的读了起来。
I have received your letter and read it happily.
自面世以来，这部小说不断吸引着一代又一代的读者。
This novel has continuously attracted readers from generation to generation since its birth.
1.1.3增加冠词
中国煤炭消耗量约占全球的五分之二，并以每年约10%的速度增长。
China consumes about two-fifths of the world's coal and it increases at a rate of about 10 percent a year.
1.1.4增加逻辑连接词
中欧经济县有很强的互补性，在贸易、投资、科技等领域具有很大的合作潜力。
The two economies are strongly complementary to each other andhence enjoy huge potential for cooperation in trade, investment,science and technology areas.
1.1.5增加介词
《水浒传》是中国文学四大经典小说之一。这部小说基于历史人物宋江及其伙伴反抗封建帝王的故事。
Water Margin, one of the four classic novels in Chinese literature, isbased on the story of the historical figure Song Jiang and his partners'rebelling against the feudal emperors.
•去记一些不及物动词搭配的介词
成千上万的国内外游客蜂拥而至到洛阳参加一年一度的牡丹节。
Now, thousands of domestic flock to Luoyang to participate in the annual Peony Festival.
• 暗藏因果逻辑
• economies 作名词 经济体，即国家
荷花迎骄阳而不俱，出污泥不染，象征纯洁、高雅，常来比喻人的高尚品德，历来是诗人画家创作的重要题材。
As a symbol for purity and elegance, it is often used to represent the noble character of people. Therefore, it has long been an important theme for the creation of poets and painters.
2.省译 （核心原则：添补 / 删除成分）
2.1省略重复性内容
我们要忠于党，忠于人民，忠于国家。
We should be loyal to our party, to our people and to our country.
2.2省略范畴词(指用来表示行为、现象、属性等概念所属范畴的词。 如现象，局面，方面，情况，背景等。)
总之，就全国范围来说，我们一定能够逐步顺利解决沿海同内地贫 富差距的问题。
In short, taking the country as a whole, I am confident that we can gradually bridge the wealth gap bewteen coastal and inland areas.
本次会议讨论的重点是世界经济发展状况。
The conference will focus on the development of the world's economy.
失业问题比通胩问题更为严重，因为失业问题涉及社会治安问题。
Unemployment is more serious than inflation, for the former is related to public security.
六、主被动语态（核心原则： be done）
1.强调动作的承受者
机场的设计可确保每小时 300 架次起降。
The airport is designed to guarantee 300 takeoffs and landings per hour.
2.句子中主语不明
千百年来，创作了许多诗歌和绘画费美牡丹。
For thousands of years, many poems and paintings have been created to praise the peony.
4. 据说，据传，众所周知
It is said that...
It is reported that...
It is well known that...
七、代词的处理（核心原则： 牢记三大句型）
1. it作形式主语
1.1it is+形容词+that
It is quite certain that he will be at the meeting. 他将出席会议是无疑的。
It is important that we (should) study hard.我们努力学习是很重要的。
1.2it is + 名词 + that(a pity, an honor, a good thing, a fact, a surprise, a question, a shame)
It is a pity (that) you missed the sports meeting last week. 你错过了上周的运动会太可惜了。
It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. 事实上英语已经被作为一 种国际语言而被接受了。
1.3it seems that
It seems that they know what they are doing.
2. it作形式宾语(think/ find/ feel/ consider/ make/ regard...it +形容词/名词 + 不定式)
I find it pleasant to work with him.
They felt it difficult to finish the work in such a short time.
She thinks it her duty to help us.
I think it my honor to be invited to speak here.
All these noises made it impossible for me to go on with the work.
3.强调句型 (It +be + 被强调成分+ that / who + 其他成分)
It was an old friend that/who he met in the park yesterday. It was in the park that he met an old friend yesterday.
八、时态的处理（ 核心原则： 灵活调整）
1.最常见的便是一般现在时与现在完成时
毫不夸张地说，几乎每个中国人都熟悉小说中的一些主要人物。
It is no exaggeration to say that almost every Chinese is familiar with some main characters in the novel.
事实上，这部小说的影响己经远远超出了国界。
In fact, its influence has already gone far beyond national boundaries.
自面世以来，这部小说不断吸引着一代又一代的读者。
This novel has attracted readers from generation to generation.
荷花历来是诗人画家创作的重要题材。
Lotus has long been an important theme for the creation of poets and painters.
2.最容易忽视的是一般过去时
梅花位居中国十大名花之首，源于中国南方。
Plum blossom, which ranks first among the top ten most famous flowers of China, originated in the south of China.
「真题1」
青海是中国西北部的一个省份，平均海拔3000米以上，大部分地区为高山和高原。青海省得名于全国最大的咸水湖青海湖。
Qinghai, with an average altitude of over 3,000 meters, is a province in the northwest of China and most of its areas are mountains and plateaus. Qinghai is named after the Qinghai Lake, the largest saltwater lake in China.
is named after 得名于
青海湖被誉为“中国最美的湖泊”，是最受欢的旅游景点之一， 也是摄影师和艺术家的天堂。
Acclaimed as the most beautiful lake nationwide, it is one of the most popular tourist attractions and the paradise for photographers and artists.
青海山川壮丽，地大物博。石油和天然气储量丰富，省内许多 城市的经济在石油和天然气工业带动下得到了长足发展。
Qinghai features grand landscapes, vast territory and abundant resources. The rich reserves in oil and natural gas have boosted the rapid and constant economic development of many cities within the province.
四字词语都可以用 features
青海尤以水资源丰富而闻名，是中国三大河流长江、黄河和澜 沧江的发源地，在中国的水生态中发挥着重要作用。
Moreover, Qinghai has acquired an enviable reputation in its rich water resources and it is the birthland of China's three major rivers, namely, the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and the Lancang River, thus playing a paramount role in China's water ecosystem.
「真题2」
海南是仅次于台湾的中国第二大岛，是位于中国最南端的省份。
Hainan, China's second largest island after Taiwan, is the southernmost province in China.
海南岛风景秀丽,气候宜人,阳光充足,生物多样,温泉密布,海水清澈，大部分海 滩几乎全年都是游泳和日光浴的理想场所，因而被誉为中国的四季花园和度 假胜地，每年都吸引了大批中外游容。
Hainan Island has beautiful scenery, pleasant climate, abundant sunshine, biological diversity, dense hot springs and clear sea water. Most of its beaches are ideal places for swimming and sunbathing almost all year round. Therefore,Hainan Island is known as China's four-season garden and holiday resort, attracting a large number of tourists from home and abroad every year.
海南 1988 年建省以来，旅游业、服务业、高新技术产业飞速发展，是中国唯 一的省级经济特区。在中央政府和全国人民的大力支持下,海南将建成中国最 大的自由贸易试验区。
Since Hainan was established as a province in 1988, its tourism, service industry abst-highfèch industry have developed rapidly, making it the only provincial-level special economic zonejin Chinks With the strong support of the central government and people across the country, Hainan will be built into China's largest pilot free trade zone.
