基于Spring Boot的旧物置换网站

news2024/9/16 11:25:45

构建一个基于Spring Boot的旧物置换网站是一个很好的项目，可以帮助你学习如何设计和实现一个完整的Web应用程序。以下是一个简化版的示例，展示了如何搭建这样一个系统的框架。

1. 创建Spring Boot项目

首先，你需要创建一个新的Spring Boot项目。可以使用Spring Initializr来快速生成基础项目：

项目类型：Maven Project
依赖项：Spring Web, Spring Data JPA, Thymeleaf（前端模板引擎）

2. 设计数据库模型

对于一个旧物置换网站来说，至少需要以下几个实体模型：

用户（User）

@Entity
public class User {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;

    @Column(nullable = false, unique = true)
    private String username;

    @Column(nullable = false)
    private String password;

    @Column(nullable = false, unique = true)
    private String email;

    // Getters and Setters...
}

物品（Item）

@Entity
public class Item {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;

    @Column(nullable = false)
    private String title;

    @Column(nullable = false)
    private String description;

    @Column(nullable = false)
    private Double askingPrice; // 请求价格

    @ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
    @JoinColumn(name = "owner_id")
    private User owner;

    @OneToOne(mappedBy = "item", cascade = CascadeType.ALL, fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
    private Exchange exchange;

    // Getters and Setters...
}

交换（Exchange）

@Entity
public class Exchange {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;

    @OneToOne(mappedBy = "exchange", cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
    private Item item;

    @Column(nullable = false)
    private Boolean isAvailable; // 是否可用

    @ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
    @JoinColumn(name = "interested_user_id")
    private User interestedUser;

    // Getters and Setters...
}

3. 创建REST API

接下来，我们需要创建一些RESTful API来处理用户注册、物品发布、物品交换等功能。

用户控制器（UserController）

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/users")
public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @PostMapping("/register")
    public ResponseEntity<User> register(@RequestBody User user) {
        User registeredUser = userService.register(user.getUsername(), user.getPassword(), user.getEmail());
        return new ResponseEntity<>(registeredUser, HttpStatus.CREATED);
    }

    @PostMapping("/login")
    public ResponseEntity<String> login(@RequestParam String username, @RequestParam String password) {
        String token = userService.login(username, password);
        if (token != null) {
            return new ResponseEntity<>(token, HttpStatus.OK);
        } else {
            return new ResponseEntity<>(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED);
        }
    }

    // 更多功能...
}

物品控制器（ItemController）

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/items")
public class ItemController {

    @Autowired
    private ItemService itemService;

    @PostMapping
    public ResponseEntity<Item> createItem(@RequestBody Item item) {
        Item newItem = itemService.create(item);
        return new ResponseEntity<>(newItem, HttpStatus.CREATED);
    }

    @GetMapping("/{itemId}")
    public ResponseEntity<Item> getItemById(@PathVariable Long itemId) {
        Item item = itemService.findById(itemId);
        if (item != null) {
            return new ResponseEntity<>(item, HttpStatus.OK);
        } else {
            return new ResponseEntity<>(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND);
        }
    }

    // 更多功能...
}

交换控制器（ExchangeController）

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/exchanges")
public class ExchangeController {

    @Autowired
    private ExchangeService exchangeService;

    @PostMapping("/{itemId}")
    public ResponseEntity<Exchange> requestExchange(@PathVariable Long itemId, @RequestParam String userId) {
        Exchange newExchange = exchangeService.requestExchange(itemId, userId);
        return new ResponseEntity<>(newExchange, HttpStatus.CREATED);
    }

    @PutMapping("/{exchangeId}/accept")
    public ResponseEntity<Exchange> acceptExchange(@PathVariable Long exchangeId) {
        Exchange acceptedExchange = exchangeService.acceptExchange(exchangeId);
        if (acceptedExchange != null) {
            return new ResponseEntity<>(acceptedExchange, HttpStatus.OK);
        } else {
            return new ResponseEntity<>(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST);
        }
    }

    // 更多功能...
}

4. 安全性

为了保护API，可以使用Spring Security来实现认证和授权。

配置安全（SecurityConfig.java）

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http.csrf().disable()
            .authorizeRequests()
            .antMatchers("/api/users/register").permitAll()
            .antMatchers("/api/users/login").permitAll()
            .anyRequest().authenticated()
            .and()
            .httpBasic();
    }
}

5. 前端

前端可以使用Thymeleaf或者其他前端框架（如React、Vue.js等）来构建用户界面。

示例页面（index.html）

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <title>Old Item Exchange Platform</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to Old Item Exchange Platform!</h1>
<div>
    <table>
        <thead>
            <tr>
                <th>Title</th>
                <th>Description</th>
                <th>Asking Price</th>
                <th>Action</th>
            </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
            <tr th:each="item : ${items}">
                <td th:text="${item.title}"></td>
                <td th:text="${item.description}"></td>
                <td th:text="${item.askingPrice}"></td>
                <td>
                    <button th:if="${item.exchange.isAvailable}" th:onclick="|requestExchange('${item.id}')|">Request Exchange</button>
                </td>
            </tr>
        </tbody>
    </table>
</div>

<script>
    function requestExchange(itemId) {
        // AJAX call to request an exchange for the item
    }
</script>
</body>
</html>