1.添加依赖

在pom.xml文件中添加以下依赖：

<!--  进行统一的版本管理-->
  <parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>3.3.3</version>
    <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
  </parent>
<!--  JDK版本-->
 <packaging>pom</packaging>
 <properties>
    <java.version>17</java.version>
  </properties>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!-- kafka -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.kafka</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-kafka</artifactId>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>

2.添加配置类

添加链接kafka的一些配置信息：

@Configuration
@EnableKafka
public class KafkaConfig {

    @Bean
    public Map<String, Object> producerConfigs() {
        Map<String, Object> props = new HashMap<>();
        props.put(ProducerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, "localhost:9092");
        props.put(ConsumerConfig.GROUP_ID_CONFIG, "test-group");
        props.put(ProducerConfig.KEY_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, JsonSerializer.class);
        props.put(ProducerConfig.VALUE_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, JsonSerializer.class);
        return props;
    }

    @Bean
    public KafkaTemplate<String, Object> kafkaTemplate() {
        return new KafkaTemplate<>(producerFactory());
    }

    @Bean
    public DefaultKafkaProducerFactory<String, Object> producerFactory() {
        return new DefaultKafkaProducerFactory<>(producerConfigs());
    }

    // Kafka消费者配置
    @Bean
    public ConsumerFactory<String, String> consumerFactory() {
        Map<String, Object> configProps = new HashMap<>();
        configProps.put(ConsumerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, "localhost:9092");
        configProps.put(ConsumerConfig.KEY_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class);
        configProps.put(ConsumerConfig.VALUE_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, JsonDeserializer.class);
        return new DefaultKafkaConsumerFactory<>(configProps);
    }

    @Bean
    public ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory<String, String> kafkaListenerContainerFactory() {
        ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory<String, String> factory = new ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory<>();
        factory.setConsumerFactory(consumerFactory());
        return factory;
    }
}

并在application.yml文件中配置项目启动端口，若不配置，默认为8080：

spring:
  application:
    name: ProviderTest
server:
  port: 7749

3.消息生产者

模拟生产者发送消息到topic中心的方法：

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.kafka.core.KafkaTemplate;
import org.springframework.kafka.support.SendResult;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;

@Component
public class KafkaProducerService {

    @Autowired
    private  KafkaTemplate<String, Object> kafkaTemplate;

    public void sendMessage(String topic, Object object) {
        CompletableFuture<SendResult<String, Object>> future = kafkaTemplate.send(topic, object)
                .thenApply(result -> {
                    // 在这里可以添加发送成功后的处理逻辑
                    System.out.println("消息发送成功: " + result);
                    return result;
                })
                .exceptionally(exception -> {
                    // 处理发送失败的情况
                    System.err.println("消息发送失败: " + exception.getMessage());
                    return null; // 或者根据业务需求返回适当的默认值
                });

    }
}

想要发送不同的消息，在这里配置一个controller类，通过访问url地址的方式发送不同的消息，需要如下配置：

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/kafka")
public class KafkaController {

    @Autowired
    KafkaProducerService kafkaProducerService;

    @GetMapping("/sendMessage/{topic}/{object}")
    public void sendMessage(@PathVariable("topic") String topic, @PathVariable("object") String object)
    {
        kafkaProducerService.sendMessage(topic, object);
    }
}

4.消息消费者

模拟消息消费者消费消息的方法：

@Component
public class KafkaConsumerService {

    /**
     *  @KafkaListener监听用户组为test-group的topic02主题的消息
     * @param message
     */
    @KafkaListener(groupId = "test-group", topics = "topic02")
    public void listen(String message) {
        System.out.println("获取到的消息为：" + message);
    }
}

5.测试

5.1先启动zookeeper客户端

到zookeeper安装目录下：双击zkServer.cmd文件：

看到如下服务端启动成功：

5.2启动kafka

到kafka的安装目录下进入cmd窗口：

输入命令启动kafka:

.\bin\windows\kafka-server-start.bat .\config\server.properties

若出现如下表示启动成功：

5.3在浏览器测试

启动kafka后端项目，在浏览器输入url访问进行发送消息到topic中：

localhost:7749/kafka/sendMessage/topic02/测试

其中7749是后端定义的端口号，“topic02”是在消息消费者端设置的监听的主题名称，“测试”为发送的具体内容并且值可以改为自己想要发送的任何数据：

可以看到控制台打印出消费者消费到的数据：