我们的目标是：按照这一套资料学习下来，大家可以独立完成自动化测试的任务。
上一篇我们讨论了使用HTMLTestRunner 生成HTML报告的方法。
本篇文章我们接着讲生成HTML报告是否可以自动邮件发送出去，提高我们测试报告的及时性，方便性，避免自己手动操作发送。
1、SMTP介绍
SMTP: simple mail transfer protocol 简单邮件传输协议。是一组由源地址到目的地址传送邮件的规则。
python 的smtplib 模块提供一个很方便的路径用于发送电子邮件。它是对SMTP进行封装而来。我们可以SMTP对象的sendmail 来发送邮件。可以先使用help（）查看使用方式：
>>> from smtplib import SMTP
>>> help(SMTP)
connect(self, host='localhost', port=0, source_address=None)
| Connect to a host on a given port.
|
| If the hostname ends with a colon (`:') followed by a number, and
| there is no port specified, that suffix will be stripped off and the
| number interpreted as the port number to use.
|
| Note: This method is automatically invoked by __init__, if a host is
| specified during instantiation.
login(self, user, password, *, initial_response_ok=True)
| Log in on an SMTP server that requires authentication.
|
| The arguments are:
| - user: The user name to authenticate with.
| - password: The password for the authentication.
|
| Keyword arguments:
| - initial_response_ok: Allow sending the RFC 4954 initial-response
| to the AUTH command, if the authentication methods supports it.
|
| If there has been no previous EHLO or HELO command this session, this
| method tries ESMTP EHLO first.
|
| This method will return normally if the authentication was successful.
|
| This method may raise the following exceptions:
|
| SMTPHeloError The server didn't reply properly to
| the helo greeting.
| SMTPAuthenticationError The server didn't accept the username/
| password combination.
| SMTPNotSupportedError The AUTH command is not supported by the
| server.
| SMTPException No suitable authentication method was
| found.
sendmail(self, from_addr, to_addrs, msg, mail_options=[], rcpt_options=[])
| This command performs an entire mail transaction.
|
| The arguments are:
| - from_addr : The address sending this mail.
| - to_addrs : A list of addresses to send this mail to. A bare
| string will be treated as a list with 1 address.
| - msg : The message to send.
| - mail_options : List of ESMTP options (such as 8bitmime) for the
| mail command.
| - rcpt_options : List of ESMTP options (such as DSN commands) for
| all the rcpt commands.
1)connect（host,port）
host：指定连接的邮箱服务器
port: 指定连接的邮箱服务器端口号
2）login（user，password）
登录邮箱的用户和密码
3）sendmail（from_addr,to_addr,msg...）
from_addr:邮件发送者地址
to_addr：邮件接受者邮箱
msg:发送的消息
2、发送报告到指定邮箱
1）编写执行侧用例集的代码
这部分参考之前的，我们上一节已经讨论过的：
#定义测试用例集的目录 test_dir = './' report_dir = './report' #测试报告地址 discover = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover(test_dir,pattern="test_*.py")#所有要执行的文件 if __name__ == '__main__': now = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H_%M_%S") #当前时间，格式是年月日时分秒 file_name = report_dir+ '/' + now + 'result.html' #报告名称,加上当前时间避免重复 fp = open(file_name,'wb') #打开报告文件，读写权限 runner = HTMLTestRunner(stream=fp,title="Swag Labs 网站测试报告",description="用例测试情况：")#HTML报告设置 runner.run(discover) #执行测试案例 fp.close() #关闭报告文件
2、编写发送部分
编写对应的发送邮件的函数。
from email.mime.text import MIMEText from email.header import Header #定义发送邮件的函数 def send_report_by_mail(file_name): f=open(file_name,'rb') #打开文件 report_body=f.read() f.close() msg=MIMEText(report_body,'html','utf-8') #内容 msg['Subject']= Header('Swag Labs 网站测试报','utf-8') smtp = smtplib.SMTP() smtp.connect('smtp.163.com') #发送邮箱服务器 smtp.login('用户名@163.com','密码') smtp.sendmail('用户名@163.com','接收邮件用户名@163.com',msg.as_string()) smtp.quit() print("报告已通过邮件发送") #定义测试用例集的目录 test_dir = './' report_dir = './report' #测试报告地址 discover = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover(test_dir,pattern="test_*.py")#所有要执行的文件 if __name__ == '__main__': now = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H_%M_%S") #当前时间，格式是年月日时分秒 file_name = report_dir+ '/' + now + 'result.html' #报告名称,加上当前时间避免重复 fp = open(file_name,'wb') #打开报告文件，读写权限 runner = HTMLTestRunner(stream=fp,title="Swag Labs 网站测试报告",description="用例测试情况：")#HTML报告设置 runner.run(discover) #执行测试案例 fp.close() #关闭报告文件 send_report_by_mail(file_name) #发送报告
如下图所示发送邮件成功：
收到了邮件如下：
今天就先学习到这里。
每天进步一点点，加油！
