利用空闲休息时间开始自己写了一套图书管理系统。现将源码开源，项目遇到问题
Python+Django+Vue图书管理系统开发全流程
大家好，我是程序员科科，这是我开源的基于Python+Django+Vue的图书管理系统
希望可以帮助想学前后端分离的同学
项目中遇到问题欢迎添加微信python_kk一起探讨
如果感觉项目还不错，请帮我点个star~
项目运行截图
首页
出版社
图书
作者
登录
怎么运行项目
前端
npm install
npm run dev
后端
使用虚拟环境
python manage.py runserver 127.0.0.1:8000
前端8080端口，后端8000端口
1、pycharm创建django项目（使用虚拟环境，避免项目干扰）
2、配置总路由
from django.urls import path,re_path,include
from django_vue_tushu.settings import MEDIA_ROOT
from django.contrib import admin
from dvtushu import views
from django.views.static import serve
from rest_framework.documentation import include_docs_urls
urlpatterns = [
# 接口文档
path('docs/', include_docs_urls(title='tushu')),
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('django_vue_tushu/', include('dvtushu.urls'),name='dvtushu'),
# 图片上传接口
re_path('img_upload/', views.img_uploadApiview.as_view()),
# 前端查找图片地址
re_path('upimg/(?P<path>.*)', serve, {"document_root": MEDIA_ROOT})
]3、配置子路由
from django.urls import path,re_path
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
# path('/', ),
]3、启动项目
python manage.py runserver 127.0.0.1 或者 pycharm 启动
4、安装依赖（有默认前后端分离所需依赖）
pip install -r .\utils\requ.txt -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
依赖放入 /utils/requirements.txt
asgiref==3.7.2
certifi==2024.2.2
cffi==1.15.1
charset-normalizer==3.3.2
coreapi==2.3.3
coreschema==0.0.4
cryptography==42.0.2
Django==3.2.23
django-cors-headers==4.1.0
django-filter==23.5
django-rest-swagger==2.2.0
djangorestframework==3.14.0
djangorestframework-jwt==1.11.0
drf-yasg==1.21.7
idna==3.6
inflection==0.5.1
install==1.3.5
itypes==1.2.0
Jinja2==3.1.3
MarkupSafe==2.1.5
openapi-codec==1.3.2
packaging==24.0
pycparser==2.21
PyJWT==1.7.1
PyMySQL==1.1.0
pytz==2023.4
PyYAML==6.0.1
requests==2.31.0
simplejson==3.19.2
sqlparse==0.4.4
typing_extensions==4.7.1
uritemplate==4.1.1
urllib3==1.26.125、修改数据库
djvue_school_shop/settings.py
DATABASES = {
"default": {
"ENGINE": "django.db.backends.mysql",
"HOST": "127.0.0.1",
"PORT": 3306,
"USER": "root",
"PASSWORD": "123456",
"NAME": "dvlvyou",
}
}djvue_school_shop/init.py
import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()6、设置settings相关内容
（1）：添加跨域和djangorestframework
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'djvue_schoolshop.apps.DjvueSchoolshopConfig',
'corsheaders',
'rest_framework',
]（2）：添加跨域中间件和注释csrf
MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
# 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
'corsheaders.middleware.CorsMiddleware',
]（3）：时间中国
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-Hans'
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'（4）：添加跨域请求头和请求地址相关
# # # CORS组的配置信息
# CORS_ORIGIN_WHITELIST = (
# #'www.hippo.cn:8080', #如果这样写不行的话，就加上协议(http://www.hippo.cn:8080，因为不同的corsheaders版本可能有不同的要求)
# 'http://127.0.0.1:8080',
# )
CORS_ORIGIN_ALLOW_ALL = True
# 是否允许ajax跨域请求时携带cookie，False表示不用，我们后面也用不到cookie，所以关掉它就可以了，以防有人通过cookie来搞我们的网站
CORS_ALLOW_CREDENTIALS = False
# 请求方法
CORS_ALLOW_METHODS = (
'DELETE',
'GET',
'OPTIONS',
'PATCH',
'POST',
'PUT',
'VIEW',
)
# 允许的请求头，不能用*，要写具体的请求头，不然Vue会跨域失败，在这里坑了我好久好久MD
CORS_ALLOW_HEADERS = (
'*'
)（5）：添加djangorestframework全局处理类
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
# 异常处理
# 'EXCEPTION_HANDLER': 'hippo_api.utils.exceptions.custom_exception_handler',
# jwt
'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': (
# 'rest_framework_jwt.authentication.JSONWebTokenAuthentication',
'rest_framework.authentication.SessionAuthentication',
'rest_framework.authentication.BasicAuthentication',
# 'dj_vue_jc.TokenAuthtication.TokenAuthtication',
),
}（6）：添加媒体上传文件配置
# 指定文件获取的url路径
MEDIA_URL = "/upimg/"
# 文件上传的保存路径
MEDIA_ROOT = BASE_DIR / 'upimg'7、创建媒体文件
upimg8、urls中设置前端文件图片上传地址和访问地址
from django.urls import path,re_path,include
from django_vue_tushu.settings import MEDIA_ROOT
from django.contrib import admin
from dvtushu import views
from django.views.static import serve
from rest_framework.documentation import include_docs_urls
urlpatterns = [
# 接口文档
path('docs/', include_docs_urls(title='tushu')),
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('django_vue_tushu/', include('dvtushu.urls'),name='dvtushu'),
# 图片上传接口
re_path('img_upload/', views.img_uploadApiview.as_view()),
# 前端查找图片地址
re_path('upimg/(?P<path>.*)', serve, {"document_root": MEDIA_ROOT})
]9、views 设置 图片上传接口
# 前台返回格式
ret = {
"data": {},
"meta": {
"status": 200,
"message": "注册成功"
}
}
# 图片上传接口
class img_uploadApiview(View):
def get(self, request):
return JsonResponse(data={'code': 200, 'message': '方法测试'})
# 图片上传接口通过 request.data 可以接收到前端发来的
def post(self,request):
response = {}
dataduixiang = request.POST.get('data','')
file = request.FILES.get('file')
# try:
# 构造图片保存路径 路径为<USER_AVATAR_ROOT + 文件名>
# USER_AVATAR_ROOT刚刚在settings.py中规定过，需要导入进来
file_path = os.path.join(settings.MEDIA_ROOT, file.name)
# 保存图片
print(dataduixiang,file)
with open(file_path, 'wb+') as f:
f.write(file.read())
f.close()
response['file'] = file.name # 返回新的文件名
response['code'] = 0
response['msg'] = "图片上传成功！"
return JsonResponse(data={'code': 200, 'message': '上传成功', 'data': response})10、启动项目
python manage.py runserver 127.0.0.1:8000
11、数据库设计
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
# 管理表
class Guanli(models.Model):
username = models.CharField(max_length=255)
password = models.TextField()
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Book(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name="书籍名称")
price = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="价格")
# pub_date = models.DateField(verbose_name="出版日期")
img_url = models.CharField(max_length=255, null=True,blank=True,verbose_name="")
bread = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="阅读量")
bcomment = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="评论量")
publish = models.ForeignKey("Publish", on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="出版社")
authors = models.ManyToManyField("Author",verbose_name="作者")
def __str__(self):
return self.title
class Publish(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name="出版社名称")
email = models.EmailField(verbose_name="出版社邮箱")
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class Author(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name="作者")
age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年龄")
def __str__(self):
return self.name12、迁移
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate13、登录接口
url
# 登录接口
path('logintest/', views.LoginView.as_view()),view
from .TokenAuthtication import TokenAuthtication
from rest_framework.response import Response
from django.core.paginator import Paginator
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from django.views import View
from django.http import HttpResponse,JsonResponse
from django_vue_tushu import settings
from .Serializer import *
from .models import *
import datetime
import jwt
import os
class LoginView(APIView):
def post(self, request):
ret = {
"data": {},
"meta": {
"status": 200,
"message": ""
}
}
try:
username = request.data["username"]
password = request.data["password"]
value = int(request.data["value"])
if value == 1:
user = Guanli.objects.filter(username=username,password=password)
print(username,password,value,user)
if user.count == 0:
ret["meta"]["status"] = 500
ret["meta"]["message"] = "用户不存在或密码错误"
return Response(ret)
elif user and user.first().password:
dict = {
"exp": datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=1), # 过期时间
"iat": datetime.datetime.now(), # 开始时间
"id": user.first().id,
"username": user.first().username,
}
token = jwt.encode(dict, settings.SECRET_KEY, algorithm="HS256")
ret["data"]["token"] = token
ret["data"]["username"] = user.first().username
ret["data"]["user_id"] = user.first().id
# 这里需要根据数据库判断是不是管理员
ret["data"]["isAdmin"] = 1
ret["meta"]["status"] = 200
ret["meta"]["message"] = "登录成功"
print(ret,type(ret))
return Response(ret)
else:
ret["meta"]["status"] = 500
ret["meta"]["message"] = "用户不存在或密码错误"
return Response(ret)
except Exception as error:
print(error)
ret["meta"]["status"] = 500
ret["meta"]["message"] = "用户不存在或密码错误"
return Response(ret)14、创建Serializer
djvue_schoolshop
from rest_framework import serializers
from rest_framework.serializers import ModelSerializer
from . import models
class GuanliModelSerializers(ModelSerializer):
"""管理员信息模型序列化器"""
username = serializers.CharField(read_only=True)
class Meta:
model = models.Guanli
fields = '__all__'
class PublishSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model=models.Publish
fields = "__all__"
class AuthorSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model=models.Author
fields = "__all__"
class BookInfoModelSerializermodel(serializers.ModelSerializer):
# 使用PublishSerializer作为publish字段的嵌套序列化器
publish = PublishSerializer(read_only=True)
# 使用主键字段类型 并且将publish_id设置为"只写"，也就是读取的时候不会返回！
publish_id = serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(queryset=models.Publish.objects.all(), source='publish',
write_only=True)
# 使用AuthorSerializer作为author字段的嵌套序列化器
authors = AuthorSerializer(read_only=True, many=True)
# 使用主键字段类型 并且将author_id设置为"只写"，也就是读取的时候不会返回！
authors_id = serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(queryset=models.Author.objects.all(), source='authors',
write_only=True, many=True)
class Meta:
model = models.Book
# fields = ['id', 'title', 'price', 'pub_date', 'bread', 'bcomment', 'publish_id', 'publish', 'authors',
# 'authors_id']
fields = "__all__"
# depth = 1
