常用 

环境变量 SET(ENV{VAR} VALUE)

**常用变量：**

| 变量名                        | 含义                                                                  |
| ----------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| **PROJECT_NAME**              | `project`命令中写的项目名                                             |
| **CMAKE_VERSION**             | 当前使用 CMake 的版本                                                 |
| **CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR**          | 工程顶层目录，即入口 CMakeLists 文件所在路径                          |
| **PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR**        | 同**CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR**                                                |
| **CMAKE_BINARY_DIR**          | 工程编译发生的目录，即执行 cmake 命令进行项目配置的目录，一般为 build |
| **PROJECT_BINARY_DIR**        | 同**CMAKE_BINARY_DIR**                                                |
| **CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR**  | 当前处理的 CMakeLists.txt 所在的路径                                  |
| **CMAKE_CURRRENT_BINARY_DIR** | 当前处理的 CMakeLists.txt 中生成目标文件所在编译目录                  |
| **CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_FILE**   | 输出调用这个变量的 CMakeLists.txt 文件的完整路径                      |
| **CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR**    | 当前处理的 CMakeLists.txt 文件所在目录的路径                          |
| **CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX**      | 指定`make install`命令执行时包安装路径                                |
| **CMAKE_MODULE_PATH**         | `find_package`命令搜索包路径**之一**，默认为空                        |

**编译配置相关变量：**

| 变量名                 | 含义                                                                              |
| ---------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| **CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE**   | 编译选项，Release 或者 Debug，如`set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE "Release")`                 |
| **CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS**    | 编译标志，设置 C++11 编译，`set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -std=c++11")` |
| **CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD** | 也可以设置 C++11 编译，`set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)`                               |

list(APPEND CMAKE_MODULE_PATH "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake")

# 依赖库fetch
include(FetchContent)
FetchContent_Declare(
 googletest
 GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/google/googletest.git
 GIT_TAG release-1.8.0
)
FetchContent_GetProperties(googletest)
if(NOT googletest_POPULATED)
 FetchContent_Populate(googletest)
 # ...
 # adds the targets: gtest, gtest_main, gmock, gmock_main
 add_subdirectory(
   ${googletest_SOURCE_DIR}
   ${googletest_BINARY_DIR}
   )
 # ...
endif()

# 检测系统
if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "Linux")
message(STATUS "Configuring on/for Linux")
elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "Darwin")
message(STATUS "Configuring on/for macOS")
elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "Windows")
message(STATUS "Configuring on/for Windows")
elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "AIX")
message(STATUS "Configuring on/for IBM AIX")
else()
message(STATUS "Configuring on/for ${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME}")
endif()
  
#ifdef IS_32_BIT_ARCH
  return arch_info + std::string("Compiled on a 32 bit host processor.");
#elif IS_64_BIT_ARCH
  return arch_info + std::string("Compiled on a 64 bit host processor.");
#else
  return arch_info + std::string("Neither 32 nor 64 bit, puzzling ...");
#endif

if(CMAKE_SIZEOF_VOID_P EQUAL 8)
 target_compile_definitions(arch-dependent PUBLIC "IS_64_BIT_ARCH")
 message(STATUS "Target is 64 bits")
else()
 target_compile_definitions(arch-dependent PUBLIC "IS_32_BIT_ARCH")
 message(STATUS "Target is 32 bits")
endif()

if(CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "i386")
message(STATUS "i386 architecture detected")
elseif(CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "i686")
message(STATUS "i686 architecture detected")
elseif(CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "x86_64")
message(STATUS "x86_64 architecture detected")
else()
message(STATUS "host processor architecture is unknown")
endif()
target_compile_definitions(arch-dependent
 PUBLIC "ARCHITECTURE=${CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR}"
 )
 
#外部检测
execute_process(
 COMMAND
	${PYTHON_EXECUTABLE} "-c" "print('Hello, world!')"
 RESULT_VARIABLE _status
 OUTPUT_VARIABLE _hello_world
 ERROR_QUIET
 OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE
 )
 
message(STATUS "RESULT_VARIABLE is: ${_status}")
message(STATUS "OUTPUT_VARIABLE is: ${_hello_world}")
cmake -D PYTHON_EXECUTABLE=/custom/location/python ..
cmake -D BOOST_INCLUDEDIR=/custom/boost/include -DBOOST_LIBRARYDIR=/custom/boost/lib

#配置生成源码
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>

void print_info(void)
{
  printf("\n");
  printf("Configuration and build information\n");
  printf("-----------------------------------\n");
  printf("\n");
  printf("Who compiled | %s\n", "@_user_name@");
  printf("Compilation hostname | %s\n", "@_host_name@");
  printf("Fully qualified domain name | %s\n", "@_fqdn@");
  printf("Operating system | %s\n",
         "@_os_name@, @_os_release@, @_os_version@");
  printf("Platform | %s\n", "@_os_platform@");
  printf("Processor info | %s\n",
         "@_processor_name@, @_processor_description@");
  printf("CMake version | %s\n", "@CMAKE_VERSION@");
  printf("CMake generator | %s\n", "@CMAKE_GENERATOR@");
  printf("Configuration time | %s\n", "@_configuration_time@");
  printf("Fortran compiler | %s\n", "@CMAKE_Fortran_COMPILER@");
  printf("C compiler | %s\n", "@CMAKE_C_COMPILER@");
  printf("\n");

  fflush(stdout);
}
configure_file(print_info.c.in print_info.c @ONLY)
target_sources(example
 PRIVATE
   example.f90
   ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/print_info.c
 )
 
# 生成SDK
include(GNUInstallDirs)
set(CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR})
set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR})
set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR})

# Offer the user the choice of overriding the installation directories
set(INSTALL_LIBDIR ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR} CACHE PATH "Installation directory for libraries")
set(INSTALL_BINDIR ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR} CACHE PATH "Installation directory for executables")
set(INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR ${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR} CACHE PATH "Installation directory for header files")
if(WIN32 AND NOT CYGWIN)
set(DEF_INSTALL_CMAKEDIR CMake)
else()
set(DEF_INSTALL_CMAKEDIR share/cmake/${PROJECT_NAME})
endif()
set(INSTALL_CMAKEDIR ${DEF_INSTALL_CMAKEDIR} CACHE PATH "Installation directory for CMake files")

# Report to user
foreach(p LIB BIN INCLUDE CMAKE)
 file(TO_NATIVE_PATH ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/${INSTALL_${p}DIR} _path )
 message(STATUS "Installing ${p} components to ${_path}")
 unset(_path)
endforeach()

# rpath
file(RELATIVE_PATH _rel ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/${INSTALL_BINDIR} ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX})
if(APPLE)
set(_rpath "@loader_path/${_rel}")
else()
set(_rpath "\$ORIGIN/${_rel}")
endif()
file(TO_NATIVE_PATH "${_rpath}/${INSTALL_LIBDIR}" message_RPATH)

set_target_properties(hello-world_wDSO
 PROPERTIES
   MACOSX_RPATH ON
   SKIP_BUILD_RPATH OFF
   BUILD_WITH_INSTALL_RPATH OFF
   INSTALL_RPATH "${message_RPATH}"
   INSTALL_RPATH_USE_LINK_PATH ON
 )
 
install(
 TARGETS
   message-shared
   hello-world_wDSO
 ARCHIVE
   DESTINATION ${INSTALL_LIBDIR}
   COMPONENT lib
 RUNTIME
   DESTINATION ${INSTALL_BINDIR}
   COMPONENT bin
 LIBRARY
   DESTINATION ${INSTALL_LIBDIR}
   COMPONENT lib
 PUBLIC_HEADER
   DESTINATION ${INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}/message
   COMPONENT dev
 )
 
if(WIN32 OR MINGW)
  list(APPEND CPACK_GENERATOR "NSIS")
  set(CPACK_NSIS_PACKAGE_NAME "message")
  set(CPACK_NSIS_CONTACT "robertdr")
  set(CPACK_NSIS_ENABLE_UNINSTALL_BEFORE_INSTALL ON)
endif()
message(STATUS "CPack generators: ${CPACK_GENERATOR}")
include(CPack)
set(CPACK_SOURCE_GENERATOR "TGZ;ZIP")
set(CPACK_SOURCE_IGNORE_FILES
    /.git
    /dist
    /.*build.*
    /\\\\.DS_Store
)
set(CMAKE_EXPORT_PACKAGE_REGISTRY ON)
export(PACKAGE MyLib)

#交叉编译
set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Windows)
set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR arm)
set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER i686-w64-mingw32-gcc)
set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER i686-w64-mingw32-g++)
set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER clang)
set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER clang++)
set(CMAKE_Fortran_COMPILER i686-w64-mingw32-gfortran)

#submodule
find_package(Git QUIET)
if(GIT_FOUND AND EXISTS "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/.git")
# Update submodules as needed
    option(GIT_SUBMODULE "Check submodules during build" ON)
    if(GIT_SUBMODULE)
        message(STATUS "Submodule update")
        execute_process(COMMAND ${GIT_EXECUTABLE} submodule update --init --recursive
                        WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
                        RESULT_VARIABLE GIT_SUBMOD_RESULT)
        if(NOT GIT_SUBMOD_RESULT EQUAL "0")
            message(FATAL_ERROR "git submodule update --init --recursive failed with ${GIT_SUBMOD_RESULT}, please checkout submodules")
        endif()
    endif()
endif()

if(NOT EXISTS "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/extern/repo/CMakeLists.txt")
    message(FATAL_ERROR "The submodules were not downloaded! GIT_SUBMODULE was turned off or failed. Please update submodules and try again.")
endif()

参考 

https://github.com/wx-chevalier/CMake-Notes

CMake基础教程_cmake -b build-CSDN博客

创作不易，小小的支持一下吧！