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关闭防火墙、沙盒、清空iptables

systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld
setenforce 0
vi /etc/selinux/config
#修改
SELINUX=disabled
iptables -F && iptables-save

Centos7安装Docker

默认安装的最新版docker

yum -y install yum-utils
yum-config-manager     --add-repo     https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo     
yum -y install docker-ce
[root@mysql8 ~]# systemctl start docker && systemctl enable docker
[root@mysql8 ~]# docker --version
Docker version 23.0.0, build e92dd87

下载MySQL8镜像

[root@mysql8 ~]# docker pull mysql:8.0.27  #需要其他版本就更改版本号

启动MySQL8测试容器

如果没有挂载数据目录、配置文件的需求，下面的启动命令即可满足使用

[root@mysql8 config]# docker run -itd --name mysqltest -p 3366:3306 --privileged=true -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=EBXXXXXXXXX7Ai mysql:8.0.27
1c4ac77d18b92b6956782f8a2dabe145ec104dfa6827fbd6f275020fca03ba3c
[root@mysql8 config]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                   CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                                  NAMES
1c4ac77d18b9   mysql:8.0.27   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   7 minutes ago   Up 7 minutes   33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3366->3306/tcp, :::3366->3306/tcp   mysqltest

如果不需要把数据目录和配置文件映射到主机，到这里就已经启动完毕了。

创建MySQL数据目录、配置文件目录

[root@mysql8 ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/{config,data}

 - /data/mysql/data      #数据目录
 - /data/mysql/config    #配置文件目录

MySQL容器配置文件拷贝到宿主机

在刚才运行的测试容器中把配置文件拷贝到宿主机，下一步映射会用到

my.cnf是MySQL的默认配置文件，可以在此文件内进行修改添加MySQL相关参数

[root@mysql8 ~]# cd /data/mysql/config
[root@mysql8 config]# pwd
/data/mysql/config
[root@mysql8 config]# docker cp mysqltest:/etc/mysql/my.cnf ./
Preparing to copy...
Successfully copied 3.072kB to /data/mysql/config/./
[root@mysql8 config]# ls
my.cnf
[root@mysql8 config]# cat my.cnf 
# Copyright (c) 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301 USA

#
# The MySQL  Server configuration file.
#
# For explanations see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html

[mysqld]
pid-file        = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket          = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
datadir         = /var/lib/mysql
secure-file-priv= NULL

# Custom config should go here
!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/

删除测试容器

[root@mysql8 config]# docker stop mysqltest
mysqltest
[root@mysql8 config]# docker rm mysqltest
mysqltest

启动MySQL8容器并挂载数据目录、配置文件

[root@mysql8 ~]# docker run -itd --name mysql8 -p 3306:3306 --privileged=true --restart=always -v  /data/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql -v /data/mysql/config/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=EBXXXXXXX7Ai mysql:8.0.27
8420dd0180c0a76d6179cebb9e746b6c6d47d2cd3ff85278a30c6e2138e02f0d
[root@mysql8 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                   CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                                  NAMES
8420dd0180c0   mysql:8.0.27   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   3 minutes ago   Up 2 minutes   0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp   mysql8
[root@mysql8 ~]# cd /data/mysql/
[root@mysql8 mysql]# ls
config  data
[root@mysql8 mysql]# cd config/
[root@mysql8 config]# cd ../data/
[root@mysql8 data]# ls
8420dd0180c0.err  binlog.index     client-key.pem     ibdata1      #innodb_temp        private_key.pem  sys
auto.cnf          ca-key.pem       #ib_16384_0.dblwr  ib_logfile0  mysql               public_key.pem   undo_001
binlog.000001     ca.pem           #ib_16384_1.dblwr  ib_logfile1  mysql.ibd           server-cert.pem  undo_002
binlog.000002     client-cert.pem  ib_buffer_pool     ibtmp1       performance_schema  server-key.pem

MySQL8容器数据库测试

[root@mysql8 ~]# docker exec -it mysql8 bash
root@8420dd0180c0:/# mysql -uroot -pEBXXXXX27Ai
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.27 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> select 0;
+---+
| 0 |
+---+
| 0 |
+---+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)