Django 一对一关系

news2024/10/5 17:18:40

作用：

两个数据库表建立外键关系
当外键表的数据被删除时，主表的数据也会一并删除。

1，添加表模型

Test/app8/views.py

from django.db import models

class User(models.Model):
    username = models.CharField(max_length=50, unique=True)
    email = models.EmailField(unique=True)
    password = models.CharField(max_length=128)  # 使用哈希存储密码
    first_name = models.CharField(max_length=60)
    last_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    # 添加其他字段，例如：
    # age = models.IntegerField()
    # bio = models.TextField()
    # ...

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'users2'

    def __str__(self):
        return self.username


class Person(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    age = models.IntegerField()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class Passport(models.Model):
    person = models.OneToOneField(Person, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    passport_number = models.CharField(max_length=20)
    issue_date = models.DateField()

    def __str__(self):
        return f"{self.passport_number} - {self.person.name}"

2，执行迁移命令

python manage.py makemigrations app8
python manage.py migrate app8

使用迁移命令会生成Person和Passport两个张模型表，Passport表中生成一个外键，命名为person_id

3，执行测试脚本增加数据库表实例

Test/scripts.py

# create_instances.py

import os
import django
from datetime import date

# 设置 Django 环境
os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'Test.settings')
django.setup()

from app8.models import Person, Passport

# 创建一个 Person 实例
person = Person.objects.create(name="test2", age=30)

# 创建一个 Passport 实例，并关联到上面的 Person 实例
passport = Passport.objects.create(person=person, passport_number="A12345678", issue_date=date(2023, 6, 30))

# 打印结果
print(f"Created Person: {person.name}, Age: {person.age}")
print(f"Created Passport: {passport.passport_number}, Issue Date: {passport.issue_date}")

分别执行脚本，创建了两条数据

4，添加视图函数

Test/app8/views.py

from django.shortcuts import render
from .models import User


def create_user(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        username = request.POST.get('username')
        email = request.POST.get('email')
        # ... 获取其他字段的值

        # 创建用户实例
        user = User(
            username=username,
            email=email,
            # ... 填充其他字段
        )
        user.save()  # 保存到数据库
        # ... 处理成功或失败的逻辑
    return render(request, '8/1.html')


from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404
from django.http import HttpResponse
from app8.models import Person, Passport

def delete_person(request, person_id):
    person_to_delete = get_object_or_404(Person, id=person_id)
    person_to_delete.delete()

    return HttpResponse("Person and associated Passport have been deleted.")

5，添加路由地址

from django.urls import path
from . import views


urlpatterns = [
    path('create_user', views.create_user, name='create_user'),
    path('delete_person/<int:person_id>/', views.delete_person, name='delete_person'),

]