Springboot整合RedisTemplate以及业务工具类示例

news2024/11/24 15:51:38

docker安装Redis参考我另一篇博客Docker安装Redis及持久化

一、Get-Started

依赖

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-data-redis -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
</dependency>

<!--Apache对象池技术，包括RedisConnecttionFactory等，引入这个依赖就不需要自己配置了-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
    <artifactId>commons-pool2</artifactId>
</dependency>

yml配置

springboot2.0.0过后默认使用lettuce.pool而不使用jedis.pool

spring:
  redis:
    host: 192.168.150.101
    password: 123321
    lettuce:
      pool:
        max-active: 8
        max-idle: 8
        min-idle: 1
        max-wait: 300

测试

package com.gzdemo.redisdemo;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;

@SpringBootTest
public class RedisTemplateTest {
    @Autowired
    private RedisTemplate redisTemplate;

    @Test
    void testAdd() {
        // String
        redisTemplate.opsForValue().set("name","zhangsan");
        // set
        redisTemplate.opsForSet().add("myset","1");
        // zset
        redisTemplate.opsForZSet().add("myzset","stu1",10);
        //hash
        redisTemplate.opsForHash().put("myhash","stu1","1");
        //list
        redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPush("mylist","1");
    }
}

运行单元测试，发现redis保存的这5个键值对出现乱码，原因是RedisTemplate默认使用的是Jdk序列化器。
在这里插入图片描述

二、StringRedisTemplate

RedisTemplate常用方法：https://blog.csdn.net/zzvar/article/details/118388897

先运行单元测试把新增的5个数据删掉

    @Test
    void testRemove() {
        // String
        redisTemplate.delete("name");
        // set
        redisTemplate.opsForSet().remove("myset","1");
        // zset
        redisTemplate.opsForZSet().remove("myzset","stu1");
        //hash
        redisTemplate.opsForHash().delete("myhash","stu1");
        //list
        redisTemplate.opsForList().rightPop("mylist");
    }

将RedisTemplate换成StringRedisTemplate（使用了String序列化器）或者RedisTemplate<String,String>，不能是RedisTemplate<String,Object>，除非自己配置一个RedisTemplate<String,Object>

在这里插入图片描述

重新测试TestAdd
在这里插入图片描述

三、配置RedisTemplate<String,Object>（可选）

给RedisTemplate<String,Object>配置序列化器后，不会乱码。
可以直接用RedisTemplate<String,Object>传输一个对象（必须implements Serializable）
但通常不用这种方式，而是直接把对象转成json字符串保存在redis中
Redis配置

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.PropertyAccessor;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.RedisSerializer;

@Configuration
public class RedisConfig {

    /**
     * RedisTemplate配置
     */
    @Bean
    public RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) {
        // 创建RedisTemplate<String, Object>对象
        RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate = new RedisTemplate<>();

        // 设置RedisTemplate的连接工厂
        redisTemplate.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);

        // 自定义序列化器
        Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer<Object> jackson2JsonRedisSerializer = new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer<>(Object.class);//序列化的类型为Object
        ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper();
        om.setVisibility(PropertyAccessor.ALL, JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY); //序列化所有属性
        // om.enableDefaultTyping(ObjectMapper.DefaultTyping.NON_FINAL); //设置这个过后，redis中的数据会携带该对象的类型，不方便读取
        jackson2JsonRedisSerializer.setObjectMapper(om);

        // key和hashKey的序列化器采用String
        redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(RedisSerializer.string());
        redisTemplate.setHashKeySerializer(RedisSerializer.string());

        // value和hashValue的序列化器采用jackson2JsonRedisSerializer
        redisTemplate.setValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);
        redisTemplate.setHashValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer);
        return redisTemplate;
    }
}

单元测试

    //使用RedisTemplate<String,Object>需要配置一个RedisTemplate<String,Object>
    @Autowired
    private RedisTemplate<String,Object> redisTemplate;

    @Test
    public void Test1_Add(){
        User u = User.builder()
                .id(1000)
                .name("zhangsan")
                .phone("15730000001")
                .build();

        redisTemplate.opsForValue().set("user1", u);
    }

    @Test
    public void Test1_Get(){
        Object obj = redisTemplate.opsForValue().get("user1");
        // 这里不能把Object强转为User类 否则会java.lang.ClassCastException: java.util.LinkedHashMap cannot be cast to com.gzdemo.redisdemo.domain.User
        User user = JSONUtil.toBean(JSONUtil.toJsonStr(obj), User.class);
        System.out.println(user);
    }

四、StringRedisTemplate-以json字符串保存对象

通常用这种方式将某个对象保存在redis中，这种方式不需要类implements Serializable

	@Autowired
    private StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate;

    @Test
    public void Test2_Add(){
        User u = User.builder()
                .id(1000)
                .name("zhangsan")
                .phone("15730000001")
                .build();

        stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set("user2", JSONUtil.toJsonStr(u));
    }

    @Test
    public void Test2_Get(){
        String s = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get("user2");
        User user = JSONUtil.toBean(s, User.class);
        System.out.println(user);
    }

五、实际开发

实际开发中，在使用到缓存的地方，定义一个业务工具类。这里举个例子，基于LearningRecord实体类，比如

import cn.hutool.json.JSONUtil;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.time.Duration;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
...

@Component
@Slf4j
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class LearningRecordCacheHandler {
    private final StringRedisTemplate redisTemplate;
    private final ILearningLessonService lessonService;
    private final LearningRecordMapper recordMapper;
    // 缓存前缀
    private static final String LEARNING_RECORD_CACHE_PREFIX="learning:record:";

    //1) 写入缓存
    public void writeRecordCache(LearningRecord record){
        log.info("缓存放入了消息:");
        // 1.转成只有三个属性的对象
        RecordCacheData cacheData = new RecordCacheData(record);
        // 2. 转成json 字符串
        String jsonData = JSONUtil.toJsonStr(cacheData);
        // 3 拼接key  learning:record:6688
        String key =LEARNING_RECORD_CACHE_PREFIX+record.getLessonId();
        // 4 存储缓存(覆盖)
        redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(key,record.getSectionId().toString(),jsonData);
        // 5 设置超时时间
        redisTemplate.expire(key, Duration.ofSeconds(60));

    }
    //2) 读取缓存
    public LearningRecord readRecordCache(Long lessonId,Long sectionId){
        //1 拼接key  learning:record:6688
        String key =LEARNING_RECORD_CACHE_PREFIX+lessonId;
        // 真正的是String
        Object o = redisTemplate.opsForHash().get(key, sectionId.toString());
        if(o==null){
            return null;
        }
        // {id:1,moment:30,finshsend:false}
        // 转成对象
        LearningRecord record = JSONUtil.toBean(o.toString(), LearningRecord.class);
        record.setLessonId(lessonId);
        record.setSectionId(sectionId);
        return record;
    }
    //3) 删除缓存
    public void removeRecordCache(Long lessonId,Long sectionId){
        //1 拼接key  learning:record:6688
        String key =LEARNING_RECORD_CACHE_PREFIX+lessonId;
        redisTemplate.opsForHash().delete(key,sectionId.toString());
    }
    // 存储缓存的对象
    @Data
    @NoArgsConstructor
    public class RecordCacheData{
        private Long id;
        private Boolean finished;
        private Integer moment;

        public RecordCacheData(LearningRecord record) {
            this.id = record.getId();
            this.finished = record.getFinished();
            this.moment = record.getMoment();
        }
    }
}