项目场景：

想跟随油管某视频复现强化学习方法玩超级马里奥的过程，结果在在Anaconda3虚拟环境中用pip安装nes_py时一直报错，报错信息如下：

  Building wheel for nes-py (setup.py) ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × python setup.py bdist_wheel did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [21 lines of output]
      running bdist_wheel
      running build
      running build_py
      creating build
      creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37
      creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\nes_py
      copying nes_py\nes_env.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\nes_py
      copying nes_py\_image_viewer.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\nes_py
      copying nes_py\_rom.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\nes_py
      copying nes_py\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\nes_py
      creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\nes_py\app
      copying nes_py\app\cli.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\nes_py\app
      copying nes_py\app\play_human.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\nes_py\app
      copying nes_py\app\play_random.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\nes_py\app
      copying nes_py\app\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\nes_py\app
      creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\nes_py\wrappers
      copying nes_py\wrappers\joypad_space.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\nes_py\wrappers
      copying nes_py\wrappers\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\nes_py\wrappers
      running build_ext
      building 'nes_py.lib_nes_env' extension
      error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 or greater is required. Get it with "Microsoft C++ Build Tools": https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/visual-cpp-build-tools/
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for nes-py
  Running setup.py clean for nes-py
Failed to build nes-py
Installing collected packages: nes-py, gym_super_mario_bros
  Running setup.py install for nes-py ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × Running setup.py install for nes-py did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [23 lines of output]
      running install
      D:\Anaconda3\envs\rlgame\lib\site-packages\setuptools\command\install.py:37: SetuptoolsDeprecationWarning: setup.py install is deprecated. Use build and pip and other standards-based tools.
        setuptools.SetuptoolsDeprecationWarning,
      running build
      running build_py
      creating build
      creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37
      creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\nes_py
      copying nes_py\nes_env.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\nes_py
      copying nes_py\_image_viewer.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\nes_py
      copying nes_py\_rom.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\nes_py
      copying nes_py\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\nes_py
      creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\nes_py\app
      copying nes_py\app\cli.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\nes_py\app
      copying nes_py\app\play_human.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\nes_py\app
      copying nes_py\app\play_random.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\nes_py\app
      copying nes_py\app\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\nes_py\app
      creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\nes_py\wrappers
      copying nes_py\wrappers\joypad_space.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\nes_py\wrappers
      copying nes_py\wrappers\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-37\nes_py\wrappers
      running build_ext
      building 'nes_py.lib_nes_env' extension
      error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 or greater is required. Get it with "Microsoft C++ Build Tools": https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/visual-cpp-build-tools/
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: legacy-install-failure

× Encountered error while trying to install package.
╰─> nes-py

note: This is an issue with the package mentioned above, not pip.
hint: See above for output from the failure.

问题描述

从上面的报错信息可以得知，我们的问题在于没有找到wheel，说明本地没有相关配置。而最后一行也告诉我们提示：不是pip的问题，而是上述提到的包（nes）的问题，所以看上面的报错信息找原因。

原因分析：

error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 or greater is required. Get it with "Microsoft C++ Build Tools": https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/visual-cpp-build-tools/

发现上述一行报错信息：说明我们本地缺少msvc的组件。

原来是我前段时间为了给C盘瘦身，把VS给全部清理了，因为目前主要精力在Python上。

那这就好办了，去他给的官网下载就是了。

解决方案：

下载官网文件

https://download.visualstudio.microsoft.com/download/pr/0502e0d3-64a5-4bb8-b049-6bcbea5ed247/d7293c5775ad824c05ee99d071d5262da3e7653d39f3ba8a28fb2917af7c041a/vs_BuildTools.exe

下载完成以后是VS Installer，这次我们修改安装路径，不要放C盘了，我们在D盘新建文件夹叫Workspace，把其余路径原封不动搞进去