一、IP查询

原理：通过目标URL查询目标的IP地址。
所需库：socket
Python代码示例：

import socket

ip = socket.gethostbyname('www.163.com')
print(ip)

上述代码中，使用gethostbyname函数。该函数位于Python内置的socket库中，其原型如下：

def gethostbyname(host): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    """
    gethostbyname(host) -> address
    
    Return the IP address (a string of the form '255.255.255.255') for a host.
    """
    pass

参数host为目标的URL，返回对应的ip地址。

示例代码输出：

125.39.47.211

Process finished with exit code 0

二、Whois查询

原理：用来查询域名是否已经被注册，以及注册域名的详细信息。
所需库：whois
安装whois模块：

pip install python-whois

记录
执行上述命令后，导入会报错（找不到Whois模块）（在PyCharm中，IDLE则未出现此问题），需要在报错处再次执行安装命令。另一个方法是在终端中直接执行安装命令，并在IDLE中运行代码：

Python代码示例：

from whois import whois
data = whois("www.163.com")

print(data)

示例代码输出（含注释说明）：

{
  "domain_name": [  # 域名：163.com
    "163.COM",
    "163.com"
  ],
  "registrar": "MarkMonitor Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.",  # 注册公司
  "whois_server": "whois.markmonitor.com",  # whois服务器地址
  "referral_url": null,
  "updated_date": [  # 更新日期和时间
    "2023-09-22 06:35:34",
    "2024-04-29 01:59:31+00:00"
  ],
  "creation_date": [  # 创建日期和时间
    "1997-09-15 04:00:00",
    "1997-09-15 04:00:00+00:00"
  ],
  "expiration_date": [  # 过期日期和时间
    "2027-09-14 04:00:00",
    "2027-09-14 04:00:00+00:00"
  ],
  "name_servers": [  # DNS解析服务器地址
    "NS1.NEASE.NET",
    "NS2.166.COM",
    "NS3.NEASE.NET",
    "NS4.NEASE.NET",
    "NS5.NEASE.NET",
    "NS6.NEASE.NET",
    "NS8.166.COM",
    "ns4.nease.net",
    "ns2.166.com",
    "ns1.nease.net",
    "ns6.nease.net",
    "ns5.nease.net",
    "ns8.166.com",
    "ns3.nease.net"
  ],
  "status": [  # 服务器状态
    "clientDeleteProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientDeleteProhibited",
    "clientTransferProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientTransferProhibited",
    "clientUpdateProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientUpdateProhibited",
    "serverDeleteProhibited https://icann.org/epp#serverDeleteProhibited",
    "serverTransferProhibited https://icann.org/epp#serverTransferProhibited",
    "serverUpdateProhibited https://icann.org/epp#serverUpdateProhibited",
    "clientUpdateProhibited (https://www.icann.org/epp#clientUpdateProhibited)",
    "clientTransferProhibited (https://www.icann.org/epp#clientTransferProhibited)",
    "clientDeleteProhibited (https://www.icann.org/epp#clientDeleteProhibited)"
  ],
  "emails": [  # 联络邮箱
    "abusecomplaints@markmonitor.com",
    "whoisrequest@markmonitor.com"
  ],
  "dnssec": "unsigned",
  "name": null,
  "org":  "\u5e7f\u5dde\u7f51\u6613\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8",
  "address": null,
  "city": null,
  "state": "Guang Dong",  # 城市（对应美国的“州”）：广东
  "registrant_postal_code": null,  # 注册者邮编（无）
  "country": "CN"  # 国家码
}

三、子域名挖掘

通过必应（必应搜索引擎）进行子域名搜集：
首先确保安装有requests库、bs4库、urllib库，安装这些库的命令和过程如下：


Python代码示例：

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from urllib.parse import urlparse
import sys

def bing_search(site, pages):
    Subdomain = []
    headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:68.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/68.0",
               "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml, application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8",
               "Referer": "https://cn.bing.com"
              }
    for i in range(1, int(pages)+1):
        url = "https://cn.bing.com/search?q=site%3a"+site+"&go=Search&qs=ds&first="+ str((int(i)-1) * 10) + "&FROM=PERE"
        html = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
        soup = BeautifulSoup(html.content, 'html.parser')
        job_bt = soup.findAll('h2')
        for i in job_bt:
            link = i.a.get('href')
            domain = str(urlparse(link).scheme + "://" + urlparse(link).netloc)
            if domain in Subdomain:
                pass
            else:
                Subdomain.append(domain)
                print(domain)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    if len(sys.argv) == 3:
        site = sys.argv[1]  # 参数1：网址
        page = sys.argv[2]  # 参数2：获取搜索引擎页数
    else:
        print("usage: %s baidu.com 10" % sys.argv[0])
        sys.exit(-1)
    Subdomain = bing_search(site,page)

对域名baidu.com进行子域名收集，获取50页搜索结果：

参考书目

《Python安全攻防——渗透测试实战指南》，MS08067安全实验室 编著，北京，机械工业出版社，2021年10月第1版。