《Python编程从入门到实践》day21

# 昨日知识点回顾

设置背景颜色

在屏幕中央绘制飞船

# 今日知识点学习

12.5 重构：方法_check_events()和_update_screen()

12.5.1 方法_check_events()

import sys
import pygame
from Settings import Settings
from Ship import Ship


class AlienInvasion:
    """管理游戏资源和行为的类"""
    def __init__(self):
        """初始化游戏并创建游戏资源"""
        pygame.init()

        self.settings = Settings()

        self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((self.settings.screen_width, self.settings.screen_height))
        pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")
        self.ship = Ship(self)

    def run_game(self):
        """开始游戏的主循环"""
        while True:
            self._check_events()
            # 每次循环是都重绘屏幕
            self.screen.fill(self.settings.bg_color)
            self.ship.blitme()

    def _check_events(self):
        """响应按键和鼠标事件"""
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                sys.exit()
                # screen.fill(bg_color)
        # screen = pygame.display.set_mode([1200, 800])

        # 让最近绘制的屏幕可见
        pygame.display.flip()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 创建游戏实例并运行游戏
    ai = AlienInvasion()
    ai.run_game()

12.5.2 方法_update_screen()

import sys
import pygame
from Settings import Settings
from Ship import Ship


class AlienInvasion:
    """管理游戏资源和行为的类"""
    def __init__(self):
        """初始化游戏并创建游戏资源"""
        pygame.init()

        self.settings = Settings()

        self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((self.settings.screen_width, self.settings.screen_height))
        pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")
        self.ship = Ship(self)

    def run_game(self):
        """开始游戏的主循环"""
        while True:
            self._check_events()
            self._update_screen()

    def _check_events(self):
        """响应按键和鼠标事件"""
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                sys.exit()
                # screen.fill(bg_color)
        # screen = pygame.display.set_mode([1200, 800])

    def _update_screen(self):
        """更新屏幕上的图像，并切换到新屏幕。"""
        self.screen.fill(self.settings.bg_color)
        self.ship.blitme()


        # 让最近绘制的屏幕可见
        pygame.display.flip()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 创建游戏实例并运行游戏
    ai = AlienInvasion()
    ai.run_game()

12.6 驾驶飞船

12.6.1 响应按键

import sys
import pygame
from Settings import Settings
from Ship import Ship


class AlienInvasion:
    """管理游戏资源和行为的类"""
    def __init__(self):
        """初始化游戏并创建游戏资源"""
        pygame.init()

        self.settings = Settings()

        self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((self.settings.screen_width, self.settings.screen_height))
        pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")
        self.ship = Ship(self)

    def run_game(self):
        """开始游戏的主循环"""
        while True:
            self._check_events()
            self._update_screen()

    def _check_events(self):
        """响应按键和鼠标事件"""
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                sys.exit()
            elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                    # 向右移动飞船
                    self.ship.rect.x += 1



    def _update_screen(self):
        """更新屏幕上的图像，并切换到新屏幕。"""
        self.screen.fill(self.settings.bg_color)
        self.ship.blitme()


        # 让最近绘制的屏幕可见
        pygame.display.flip()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 创建游戏实例并运行游戏
    ai = AlienInvasion()
    ai.run_game()

12.6.2 允许持续移动

#Ship.py
import pygame


class Ship:
    """管理飞船的类"""

    def __init__(self, ai_game):
        """初始化飞船并设置其初始位置"""
        self.screen = ai_game.screen
        self.screen_rect = ai_game.screen.get_rect()

        # 加载飞船图像并获取其外接矩形
        self.image = pygame.image.load('images/ship1.bmp')
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()

        # 将每艘飞船放在屏幕底部中央
        self.rect.midbottom = self.screen_rect.midbottom

        # 移动标志
        self.moving_right = False

    def update(self):
        """根据移动标志调整飞船的位置"""
        if self.moving_right:
            self.rect.x += 1

    def blitme(self):
        """在指定位置绘制飞船"""
        self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)


# 主程序
import sys
import pygame
from Settings import Settings
from Ship import Ship


class AlienInvasion:
    """管理游戏资源和行为的类"""
    def __init__(self):
        """初始化游戏并创建游戏资源"""
        pygame.init()

        self.settings = Settings()

        self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((self.settings.screen_width, self.settings.screen_height))
        pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")
        self.ship = Ship(self)

    def run_game(self):
        """开始游戏的主循环"""
        while True:
            self._check_events()
            self.ship.update()
            self._update_screen()

    def _check_events(self):
        """响应按键和鼠标事件"""
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                sys.exit()
            elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                    self.ship.moving_right = True
                elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
                    if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                        self.ship.moving_right = False

    def _update_screen(self):
        """更新屏幕上的图像，并切换到新屏幕。"""
        self.screen.fill(self.settings.bg_color)
        self.ship.blitme()


        # 让最近绘制的屏幕可见
        pygame.display.flip()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 创建游戏实例并运行游戏
    ai = AlienInvasion()
    ai.run_game()

12.6.3 左右移动

# Ship.py
import pygame


class Ship:
    """管理飞船的类"""

    def __init__(self, ai_game):
        """初始化飞船并设置其初始位置"""
        self.screen = ai_game.screen
        self.screen_rect = ai_game.screen.get_rect()

        # 加载飞船图像并获取其外接矩形
        self.image = pygame.image.load('images/ship1.bmp')
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()

        # 将每艘飞船放在屏幕底部中央
        self.rect.midbottom = self.screen_rect.midbottom

        # 移动标志
        self.moving_right = False
        self.moving_left =False

    def update(self):
        """根据移动标志调整飞船的位置"""
        if self.moving_right:
            self.rect.x += 1
        if self.moving_left:
            self.rect.x -= 1

    def blitme(self):
        """在指定位置绘制飞船"""
        self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)


# 主程序
import sys
import pygame
from Settings import Settings
from Ship import Ship


class AlienInvasion:
    """管理游戏资源和行为的类"""
    def __init__(self):
        """初始化游戏并创建游戏资源"""
        pygame.init()

        self.settings = Settings()

        self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((self.settings.screen_width, self.settings.screen_height))
        pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")
        self.ship = Ship(self)

    def run_game(self):
        """开始游戏的主循环"""
        while True:
            self._check_events()
            self.ship.update()
            self._update_screen()

    def _check_events(self):
        """响应按键和鼠标事件"""
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                sys.exit()
            elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                    self.ship.moving_right = True
                elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                    self.ship.moving_left = True

            elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
                if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                    self.ship.moving_right = False

    def _update_screen(self):
        """更新屏幕上的图像，并切换到新屏幕。"""
        self.screen.fill(self.settings.bg_color)
        self.ship.blitme()

        # 让最近绘制的屏幕可见
        pygame.display.flip()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 创建游戏实例并运行游戏
    ai = AlienInvasion()
    ai.run_game()

12.6.4 调整飞船的速度

# Settings.py
class Settings():
    """存储《外星人入侵》的所有设置的类"""

    def __init__(self):
        """初始化游戏的设置"""
        # 屏幕设置
        self.screen_width = int(1200)
        self.screen_height = int(800)
        self.bg_color = (230, 230, 230)

        # 飞船设置
        self.ship_speed = 1.5


# Ship.py
import pygame


class Ship:
    """管理飞船的类"""

    def __init__(self, ai_game):
        """初始化飞船并设置其初始位置"""
        self.screen = ai_game.screen
        self.settings = ai_game.settings
        self.screen_rect = ai_game.screen.get_rect()

        # 加载飞船图像并获取其外接矩形
        self.image = pygame.image.load('images/ship1.bmp')
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()

        # 将每艘飞船放在屏幕底部中央
        self.rect.midbottom = self.screen_rect.midbottom

        # 在飞船的属性x中存储小数值
        self.x = float(self.rect.x)

        # 移动标志
        self.moving_right = False
        self.moving_left = False

    def update(self):
        """根据移动标志调整飞船的位置"""
        # 更新飞船而不是rect对象的x值
        if self.moving_right:
            self.rect.x += self.settings.ship_speed
        if self.moving_left:
            self.rect.x -= self.settings.ship_speed

        # 根据self.x 更新rect对象
        self.rect.x = self.x

    def blitme(self):
        """在指定位置绘制飞船"""
        self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)

# 主程序
import sys
import pygame
from Settings import Settings
from Ship import Ship


class AlienInvasion:
    """管理游戏资源和行为的类"""
    def __init__(self):
        """初始化游戏并创建游戏资源"""
        pygame.init()

        self.settings = Settings()
        # 非全屏运行
        self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((self.settings.screen_width, self.settings.screen_height))

        # 全屏运行
        # self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((0, 0), pygame.FULLSCREEN)
        # self.settings.screen_width = self.screen.get_rect().width
        # self.settings.screen_height = self.screen.get_rect().height
        pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")
        self.ship = Ship(self)

    def run_game(self):
        """开始游戏的主循环"""
        while True:
            self._check_events()
            self.ship.update()
            self._update_screen()

    def _check_events(self):
        """响应按键和鼠标事件"""
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                sys.exit()
            elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                self._check_keydown_events(event)

            elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
                self._check_keyup_events(event)

    def _check_keydown_events(self, event):
        """响应按键"""
        if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
            self.ship.moving_right = True
        elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
            self.ship.moving_left = True
        elif event.key == pygame.K_q:
            sys.exit()

    def _check_keyup_events(self, event):
        """响应松开"""
        if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
            self.ship.moving_right = False
        elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
            self.ship.moving_left = False

    def _update_screen(self):
        """更新屏幕上的图像，并切换到新屏幕。"""
        self.screen.fill(self.settings.bg_color)
        self.ship.blitme()

        # 让最近绘制的屏幕可见
        pygame.display.flip()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 创建游戏实例并运行游戏
    ai = AlienInvasion()
    ai.run_game()

# debug运行显示：
# pydev debugger: CRITICAL WARNING: This version of python seems to be incorrectly compiled (internal generated filenames are not absolute)
# pydev debugger: The debugger may still function, but it will work slower and may miss breakpoints.
# pydev debugger: Related bug: http://bugs.python.org/issue1666807
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# pydev debugger: Unable to find real location for: <frozen codecs>
# pydev debugger: Unable to find real location for: <frozen importlib._bootstrap>
# pydev debugger: Unable to find real location for: <frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>
# pydev debugger: Unable to find real location for: <frozen ntpath>
# pydev debugger: Unable to find real location for: <frozen os>
# pydev debugger: Unable to find real location for: <frozen zipimport>
# pydev debugger: Unable to find real location for: <frozen _collections_abc>
# pygame 2.5.2 (SDL 2.28.3, Python 3.11.5)
# Hello from the pygame community. https://www.pygame.org/contribute.html
# pydev debugger: Unable to find real location for: <frozen posixpath>
# pydev debugger: Unable to find real location for: <frozen genericpath>

# 编译配置解释器选项设置-Xfrozen_modules=off 治标不治本

运行结果：（与之前飞船能向左或向右移动到屏幕之外不同，飞船纹丝不动）

这里面有问题

debug显示pydev debugger: Unable to find real location for: <frozen codecs>

参考Unable to find real location for: <frozen codecs> - 知乎 (zhihu.com)

解决无果，有待进一步研究解决 ---未完待续---

12.6.5 限制飞船的活动范围

# Ship.py
import pygame


class Ship:
    """管理飞船的类"""

    def __init__(self, ai_game):
        """初始化飞船并设置其初始位置"""
        self.screen = ai_game.screen
        self.settings = ai_game.settings
        self.screen_rect = ai_game.screen.get_rect()

        # 加载飞船图像并获取其外接矩形
        self.image = pygame.image.load('images/ship1.bmp')
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()

        # 将每艘飞船放在屏幕底部中央
        self.rect.midbottom = self.screen_rect.midbottom

        # 在飞船的属性x中存储小数值
        self.x = float(self.rect.x)

        # 移动标志
        self.moving_right = False
        self.moving_left = False

    def update(self):
        """根据移动标志调整飞船的位置"""
        # 更新飞船而不是rect对象的x值
        # 如果飞船右移的标志和飞船外接矩形右边缘的x坐标 小于 屏幕右边缘x坐标，开始右移
        if self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self.screen_rect.right:
            self.rect.x += self.settings.ship_speed
        # 如果飞船左移的标志和飞船外接矩形左边缘的x坐标 大于于 0，开始左移
        if self.moving_left and self.rect.left > 0:
            self.rect.x -= self.settings.ship_speed

        # 根据self.x 更新rect对象
        self.rect.x = self.x

    def blitme(self):
        """在指定位置绘制飞船"""
        self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)

wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==

12.6.6 重构_check_events()

import sys
import pygame
from Settings import Settings
from Ship import Ship


class AlienInvasion:
    """管理游戏资源和行为的类"""
    def __init__(self):
        """初始化游戏并创建游戏资源"""
        pygame.init()

        self.settings = Settings()

        self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((self.settings.screen_width, self.settings.screen_height))
        pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")
        self.ship = Ship(self)

    def run_game(self):
        """开始游戏的主循环"""
        while True:
            self._check_events()
            self.ship.update()
            self._update_screen()

    def _check_events(self):
        """响应按键和鼠标事件"""
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                sys.exit()
            elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                self._check_keydown_events(event)

            elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
                self._check_keyup_events(event)

    def _check_keydown_events(self, event):
        """响应按键"""
        if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
            self.ship.moving_right = True
        elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
            self.ship.moving_left = True

    def _check_keyup_events(self, event):
        """响应松开"""
        if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
            self.ship.moving_right = False
        elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
            self.ship.moving_left = False

    def _update_screen(self):
        """更新屏幕上的图像，并切换到新屏幕。"""
        self.screen.fill(self.settings.bg_color)
        self.ship.blitme()

        # 让最近绘制的屏幕可见
        pygame.display.flip()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 创建游戏实例并运行游戏
    ai = AlienInvasion()
    ai.run_game()

wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==

12.6.7 按Q键退出

    def _check_keydown_events(self, event):
        """响应按键"""
        if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
            self.ship.moving_right = True
        elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
            self.ship.moving_left = True
        elif event.key == pygame.K_q:
            sys.exit()

wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==

12.6.8 在全屏模式下运行游戏

self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((0, 0), pygame.FULLSCREEN)
self.settings.screen_width = self.screen.get_rect().width
self.settings.screen_height = self.screen.get_rect().height

import sys
import pygame
from Settings import Settings
from Ship import Ship


class AlienInvasion:
    """管理游戏资源和行为的类"""
    def __init__(self):
        """初始化游戏并创建游戏资源"""
        pygame.init()

        self.settings = Settings()

        self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((0, 0), pygame.FULLSCREEN)
        self.settings.screen_width = self.screen.get_rect().width
        self.settings.screen_height = self.screen.get_rect().height
        pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")
        self.ship = Ship(self)

    def run_game(self):
        """开始游戏的主循环"""
        while True:
            self._check_events()
            self.ship.update()
            self._update_screen()

    def _check_events(self):
        """响应按键和鼠标事件"""
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                sys.exit()
            elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                self._check_keydown_events(event)

            elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
                self._check_keyup_events(event)

    def _check_keydown_events(self, event):
        """响应按键"""
        if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
            self.ship.moving_right = True
        elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
            self.ship.moving_left = True
        elif event.key == pygame.K_q:
            sys.exit()

    def _check_keyup_events(self, event):
        """响应松开"""
        if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
            self.ship.moving_right = False
        elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
            self.ship.moving_left = False

    def _update_screen(self):
        """更新屏幕上的图像，并切换到新屏幕。"""
        self.screen.fill(self.settings.bg_color)
        self.ship.blitme()

        # 让最近绘制的屏幕可见
        pygame.display.flip()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 创建游戏实例并运行游戏
    ai = AlienInvasion()
    ai.run_game()

wAAACH5BAEKAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==