RUST语言字符串与字符数组操作

news2024/11/17 17:39:19

1.字符串转换为字符数组:

//分配内存存储HellWorld并使用s指针指向该地址
    let mut s = String::from("HelloWorld");
    println!("s=> {}",s);
    //转换字符串为字符数组
    let b=s.as_bytes();

2.遍历字符数组

//遍历字符数组
    for c in b {
        println!("char of String s : {}",c);
    }

输出:

char of String s : 72
char of String s : 101
char of String s : 108
char of String s : 108
char of String s : 111
char of String s : 87
char of String s : 111
char of String s : 114
char of String s : 108
char of String s : 100

3.使用数组枚举器遍历:

//通过数组枚举器遍历
    for (index,&c) in b.iter().enumerate()  {
        println!("index:{},char:{}",index,c);
    }

输出:

index:0,char:72
index:1,char:101
index:2,char:108
index:3,char:108
index:4,char:111
index:5,char:87
index:6,char:111
index:7,char:114
index:8,char:108
index:9,char:100

4.子字符串操作

//取字符串指定长度的任意位置开始与任意位置结束的子字符串
    let s1 = &s[0..5];//取索引0到4的字符
    let s2=&s[5..10];//取索引5到9的字符
    println!("chars of {},[0~4]=> {},[5~9]=> {}",s,s1,s2);
    //取字符串长度
    println!("{},{},{}",s.len(),s1.len(),s2.len());

输出:

chars of HelloWorld,[0~4]=> Hello,[5~9]=> World
10,5,5

5.字符串中空格判断

//清空字符串,s必须是可变量才能调用clear
    s.clear();
    println!("s.clear after => {}",s);
    //字符串中空格判断
    s.push_str("Hello Wolrd");//重新压入字符串
    for (i,&c) in s.as_bytes().iter().enumerate() {
        if c==b' ' {
            println!("空格所在位置索引: {}",i);
            break;//找到空格就跳出
        }
    }
    println!("s from push_str => {}",s);
    //使用空格分割字符串
    for str in s.split(' ') {
        println!("part of s => {}",str);
    }
    //去掉字符串空格
    println!("old: {} replace => {}",s, s.replace(" ",""));

6.数组元素验证:

//数组验证: ['H','e','l','l','0',' ','W','o','r','l','d']
    let x=&s[1..3];
    println!("{}",x);
    assert_eq!(&s[1..3],"el");

7.完整示例代码:

fn main() {
    println!("RUST语言SLICE(切片)类型");
    //分配内存存储HellWorld并使用s指针指向该地址
    let mut s = String::from("HelloWorld");
    println!("s=> {}",s);
    //转换字符串为字符数组
    let b=s.as_bytes();
    //遍历字符数组
    for c in b {
        println!("char of String s : {}",c);
    }
    //通过数组枚举器遍历
    for (index,&c) in b.iter().enumerate()  {
        println!("index:{},char:{}",index,c);
    }
    //取字符串指定长度的任意位置开始与任意位置结束的子字符串
    let s1 = &s[0..5];//取索引0到4的字符
    let s2=&s[5..10];//取索引5到9的字符
    println!("chars of {},[0~4]=> {},[5~9]=> {}",s,s1,s2);
    //取字符串长度
    println!("{},{},{}",s.len(),s1.len(),s2.len());

    //清空字符串,s必须是可变量才能调用clear
    s.clear();
    println!("s.clear after => {}",s);
    //字符串中空格判断
    s.push_str("Hello Wolrd");//重新压入字符串
    for (i,&c) in s.as_bytes().iter().enumerate() {
        if c==b' ' {
            println!("空格所在位置索引: {}",i);
            break;//找到空格就跳出
        }
    }
    println!("s from push_str => {}",s);
    //使用空格分割字符串
    for str in s.split(' ') {
        println!("part of s => {}",str);
    }
    //去掉字符串空格
    println!("old: {} replace => {}",s, s.replace(" ",""));

    //数组验证: ['H','e','l','l','0',' ','W','o','r','l','d']
    let x=&s[1..3];
    println!("{}",x);
    assert_eq!(&s[1..3],"el");
}

运行输出: