通过本文，您将可以学习到 sonarqube、git\gitlab、shell、sonar-scanner、sonarlint
一、前言
sonarqube 是一款开源的静态代码扫描工具。
实际生产应用中，sonarqube 如何落地，需要考虑以下四个维度：
1、规则的来源
现在规则的来源主要有三个途径：
（1）sonar way 官方内置规则，支持多种语言
（2）应用市场插件
（3）自定义规则插件
自定义规则插件缺点是难度大、开发周期长、版本迭代兼容要自己维护，优点是可定制化、灵活性较高。
2、扫描的分支
sonarqube 社区版只支持对 main 或者叫 master 这一个分支进行扫描。不过可通过导入插件，增加对多分支的支持。
3、全量扫描or增量扫描
全量扫描是针对整个工程代码进行扫描。这是 sonarqube 默认的扫描行为。
增量扫描是针对当次提交代码进行扫描。需要自己开发 shell 脚本支持。
全量扫描的缺点是，每次都要针对整个工程代码进行扫描，扫描时间长。我能不能只针对我当前提交的代码进行扫描呢？这便是增量扫描。增量扫描的缺点是，开发难度大。
4、扫描的时机
现在主流的接入方式，有三种扫描时机：
（1）Jenkins流水线 git 拉取代码后，maven 构建项目前扫描。
扫描失败，中止流水线。
（2）gitlab CI 流水线
与 Jenkins 流水线类似，也是扫描失败，中止流水线。
（3) git commit
git 提交代码时触发扫描。包括客户端钩子和服务端钩子。
客户端钩子——pre-commit。开发人员 git commit 提交代码到本地仓库时触发扫描，扫描完获取报告，失败则拒绝提交。
服务端 git hook 分为三种，分别是：
- pre-receive（推送前）
- update
- post-receive（推送后）
这三个步骤就是我们本地 push 完代码服务端要做的事情，如图所示：
从质量保证 QA（Quality Assurance）的角度来说，代码扫描的时机，越早越好。如果是到项目构建的时候再来扫描，扫描不通过，就得打回去开发重新修改，修改完重新测试，重新启动流水线构建，整个周期会被拉长。
所以 pre-commit 和 pre-receive 的效果，会比代码已经进入仓库了，再来扫描的 Jenkins流水线、gitlab CI 流水线要好。
5、服务端or客户端？
服务端扫描 pre-receive 好，还是客户端扫描 pre-commit 好呢？
答案显而易见，服务端扫描好。
因为客户端扫描严重依赖开发人员本地环境下的 pre-commit 文件，如果这个文件被开发人员删除了，那客户端扫描无从谈起。而且如果扫描依赖一些软件，如 sonar-scanner，则每个开发的本地环境都需要安装，这个在项目比较大，开发人员比较多的时候，很难做到协调一致。
本文采用 pre-receive 钩子的方式，支持增量扫描与多分支扫描。
二、环境准备
1、一台装有 gitlab 的服务器。
gitlab 的安装，可以参考我的博文。docker 安装跟 Linux 裸机安装有所不同，推荐使用 docker 安装。
docker 下安装 gitlab_gitlab docker 安装没有initial_root_password文件-CSDN博客
2、一台装有 sonarqube 9.9 LTS 的服务器。
sonarqube 的安装，可以参考我的博文。docker compose 下安装 sonarqube（带多分支插件）_docker-compose sonarqube-CSDN博客
三、步骤
1、安装 sonar-scanner
- gitlab 是 docker 安装的情况
将 sonar-scanner-cli-5.0.1.3006-linux.zip 上传到 gitlab 服务器某一个文件夹下。
就比如 /usr/local/sonar
# 安装 unzip 命令
yum -y install unzip
# 解压 sonar-scanner-cli-5.0.1.3006-linux.zip
unzip sonar-scanner-cli-5.0.1.3006-linux.zip
# 给文件夹重命名
mv sonar-scanner-cli-5.0.1.3006-linux.zip sonar-scanner
# 查看当前有多少运行中的容器
docker ps
# 将 sonar-scanner 文件夹内容拷贝进 gitlab 容器 /usr/local/sonar-scanner 下
docker cp sonar-scanner gitlab:/usr/local/sonar-scanner
# 进入容器，查看 sonar-scanner 文件夹是否拷贝到位
docker exec -it gitlab /bin/bash
cd /usr/local
ls
# 修改 sonar-scanner 配置文件
cd sonar-scanner/conf
vi sonar-scanner.properties
sonar-scanner.properties 配置内容如下
#Configure here general information about the environment, such as SonarQube server connection details for example
#No information about specific project should appear here
#----- Default SonarQube server
# 该项可配可不配
sonar.host.url=http://你的sonarqubeIP:9000
#----- Default source code encoding
sonar.sourceEncoding=UTF-8至此，sonar-scanner 安装完成。
- gitlab 是 Linux 裸机安装的情况
2、在 gitlab 管理中心找到项目的相对路径
以 root 用户登录 gitlab
拼接上 gitlab 的安装目录，就是项目的绝对路径
就比如我的 gitlab 是 docker 安装的，默认安装于 /srv/gitlab
则我的项目 sonar-test，存放于宿主机目录
这个路径，其实是会挂载进容器的（这个后面就能知道）
3、创建服务端 hook 文件
在刚才找到的项目路径下，创建 custom_hooks 文件夹和 pre-receive 文件
# 创建 custom_hooks 文件夹
mkdir custom_hooks
# 进入 custom_hooks 文件夹
cd custom_hooks
# 创建 pre-receive 文件
touch pre-receive
# 修改 pre-receive 文件
vim pre-receive
pre-receive 文件内容如下：
#!/bin/bash
echo "开始代码扫描..."
GIT_VERSION=`git version`
echo "git版本是：$GIT_VERSION"
# 获取当前路径
BASE_PATH=`pwd`
echo "当前路径是：$BASE_PATH"
ACCOUNT=`whoami`
echo "当前账户是：$ACCOUNT"
# 从标准输入流读入参数
read normalInput
ARR=($normalInput)
OLD_REVISION=${ARR[0]}
CURRENT_REVISION=${ARR[1]}
BRANCH=${ARR[2]}
echo "旧修订ID：$OLD_REVISION"
echo "新修订ID：$CURRENT_REVISION"
echo "当前项目：$GL_PROJECT_PATH"
PROJECT_NAME=$(echo $GL_PROJECT_PATH | awk 'BEGIN{FS="/"}{print $NF}')
echo "项目名称：$PROJECT_NAME"
echo "当前分支：$BRANCH"
BRANCH_NAME=$(echo $BRANCH | awk 'BEGIN{FS="/"}{print $NF}')
echo "分支名称：$BRANCH_NAME"
export SONAR_SCANNER=/usr/local/sonar-scanner
PATH=$SONAR_SCANNER/bin:$PATH
export PATH
if [ $BRANCH_NAME = "develop" ]; then
# 过滤出当前提交中的 java 文件
FILES=`git diff --name-only $OLD_REVISION $CURRENT_REVISION | grep -e "\.java$"`
if [ -n "$FILES" ]; then
SONARDIR=$BASE_PATH/"sonar"
mkdir -p "${SONARDIR}"
TEMPDIR=$BASE_PATH/"tmp"
for FILE in ${FILES}; do
# 创建目录并舍弃输出
mkdir -p "${TEMPDIR}/`dirname ${FILE}`" >/dev/null
# 创建文件
git show $CURRENT_REVISION:$FILE > ${TEMPDIR}/${FILE}
done;
echo "进入临时文件夹"
cd $TEMPDIR
pwd
SONAR_USER_HOME=$SONARDIR sonar-scanner -Dsonar.language=java -Dsonar.projectKey=$PROJECT_NAME -Dsonar.host.url=http://你的sonarqubeIP:端口 -Dsonar.login=你的项目Token -Dsonar.branch.name=$BRANCH_NAME -Dsonar.projectVersion=1.0 -Dsonar.java.binaries=./ -Dsonar.scm.disabled=true
sleep 5s
rt=$(curl -u '你的项目Token:' http://你的sonarqubeIP:端口/api/qualitygates/project_status?projectKey="$PROJECT_NAME"\&branch="$BRANCH_NAME" | awk -F ":" '{print $3}' | awk -F "," '{print $1}')
echo "代码检测结果$rt"
echo "删除临时文件夹"
rm -rf $TEMPDIR
if [ $rt = "\"ERROR\"" ];then
echo "代码检测失败，拒绝提交"
exit 1
elif [ $rt = "\"OK\"" ];then
echo "代码检测成功，进入仓库"
exit 0
fi
fi
fi
说明：未完待续
4、修改文件权限
chmod 777 pre-receive
5、验证
(1) 新建质量配置
在 sonarqube 中，点击 Quality Profiles 质量配置
在 Filter profiles by 输入 Java，找到默认配置 Sonar way。打开右侧齿轮，点击 Copy。
新建一个质量配置，名字叫 test
点击 Rules，将其他质量配置都去掉，只保留一条规则
Zero should not be a possible denominator 并设置为 Blocker 阻断
将 test 质量配置设置为 DEFAULT
(2) 新增质量阈
新增一个名叫 test 的质量阈
删除所有默认配置
增加一个针对所有代码（Overall Code）阻断问题（Blocker issues）大于（is greater than）0
的质量条件。表示代码检测中，只要出现一个以上阻断问题，代码检测就不通过。
（3）配置项目
打开项目配置，为项目添加一个 Java 语言的质量配置，选择我们刚才新建的 test
该质量配置，现在也是我们实例默认（DEFAULT）的质量配置。
配置项目质量阈，选择我们刚才新建的 test，保存。
在项目里面随便写几行不符合规则的代码，然后 commit 到本地仓库，push 到远程仓库的时候，
会提示被拦截。
在 git Console 标签页，会看到我们 SHELL 脚本写的日志
Total 0 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
remote: 开始代码扫描...
remote: git版本是：git version 2.43.0
remote: 当前路径是：/var/opt/gitlab/git-data/repositories/@hashed/6b/86/6b86b273ff34fce19d6b804eff5a3f5747ada4eaa22f1d49c01e52ddb7875b4b.git
remote: 当前账户是：git
remote: 旧修订ID：871ca52c316d810194a44657f6e3f46aee7fffb9
remote: 新修订ID：c83f9099f6bbd3ba04691cd7a9e315604923ba60
remote: 当前项目：macrosoft/sonar-test
remote: 项目名称：sonar-test
remote: 当前分支：refs/heads/master
remote: 分支名称：master
remote: 进入临时文件夹
remote: /var/opt/gitlab/git-data/repositories/@hashed/6b/86/6b86b273ff34fce19d6b804eff5a3f5747ada4eaa22f1d49c01e52ddb7875b4b.git/tmp
remote: INFO: Scanner configuration file: /usr/local/sonar-scanner/conf/sonar-scanner.properties
remote: INFO: Project root configuration file: NONE
remote: INFO: SonarScanner 5.0.1.3006
remote: INFO: Java 17.0.7 Eclipse Adoptium (64-bit)
remote: INFO: Linux 3.10.0-1062.18.1.el7.x86_64 amd64
remote: INFO: User cache: /var/opt/gitlab/git-data/repositories/@hashed/6b/86/6b86b273ff34fce19d6b804eff5a3f5747ada4eaa22f1d49c01e52ddb7875b4b.git/sonar/cache
remote: INFO: Analyzing on SonarQube server 9.9.4.87374
remote: INFO: Default locale: "en_US", source code encoding: "UTF-8"
remote: INFO: Load global settings
remote: INFO: Load global settings (done) | time=138ms
remote: INFO: Server id: 243B8A4D-AY4oeopTrXOQ26gUW39N
remote: INFO: User cache: /var/opt/gitlab/git-data/repositories/@hashed/6b/86/6b86b273ff34fce19d6b804eff5a3f5747ada4eaa22f1d49c01e52ddb7875b4b.git/sonar/cache
remote: INFO: Load/download plugins
remote: INFO: Load plugins index
remote: INFO: Load plugins index (done) | time=102ms
remote: INFO: Load/download plugins (done) | time=319ms
remote: INFO: Process project properties
remote: INFO: Process project properties (done) | time=1ms
remote: INFO: Execute project builders
remote: INFO: Execute project builders (done) | time=4ms
remote: INFO: Project key: sonar-test
remote: INFO: Base dir: /var/opt/gitlab/git-data/repositories/@hashed/6b/86/6b86b273ff34fce19d6b804eff5a3f5747ada4eaa22f1d49c01e52ddb7875b4b.git/tmp
remote: INFO: Working dir: /var/opt/gitlab/git-data/repositories/@hashed/6b/86/6b86b273ff34fce19d6b804eff5a3f5747ada4eaa22f1d49c01e52ddb7875b4b.git/tmp/.scannerwork
remote: INFO: Load project settings for component key: 'sonar-test'
remote: INFO: Load project settings for component key: 'sonar-test' (done) | time=25ms
remote: INFO: Load project branches
remote: INFO: Load project branches (done) | time=39ms
remote: INFO: Load branch configuration
remote: INFO: Load branch configuration (done) | time=13ms
remote: INFO: Load quality profiles
remote: INFO: Load quality profiles (done) | time=64ms
remote: INFO: Load active rules
remote: INFO: Load active rules (done) | time=1141ms
remote: INFO: Load analysis cache
remote: INFO: Load analysis cache (404) | time=15ms
remote: INFO: Branch name: master
remote: INFO: Load project repositories
remote: INFO: Load project repositories (done) | time=32ms
remote: INFO: Indexing files...
remote: INFO: Project configuration:
remote: INFO: 3 files indexed
remote: INFO: Quality profile for java: test
remote: INFO: ------------- Run sensors on module sonar-test
remote: INFO: Load metrics repository
remote: INFO: Load metrics repository (done) | time=29ms
remote: INFO: Sensor JavaSensor [java]
remote: INFO: Configured Java source version (sonar.java.source): none
remote: INFO: JavaClasspath initialization
remote: INFO: JavaClasspath initialization (done) | time=5ms
remote: INFO: JavaTestClasspath initialization
remote: INFO: JavaTestClasspath initialization (done) | time=1ms
remote: INFO: Server-side caching is enabled. The Java analyzer will not try to leverage data from a previous analysis.
remote: INFO: Using ECJ batch to parse 3 Main java source files with batch size 98 KB.
remote: INFO: Starting batch processing.
remote: INFO: The Java analyzer cannot skip unchanged files in this context. A full analysis is performed for all files.
remote: INFO: 100% analyzed
remote: INFO: Batch processing: Done.
remote: INFO: Did not optimize analysis for any files, performed a full analysis for all 3 files.
remote: INFO: No "Test" source files to scan.
remote: INFO: No "Generated" source files to scan.
remote: INFO: Sensor JavaSensor [java] (done) | time=2039ms
remote: INFO: Sensor JaCoCo XML Report Importer [jacoco]
remote: INFO: 'sonar.coverage.jacoco.xmlReportPaths' is not defined. Using default locations: target/site/jacoco/jacoco.xml,target/site/jacoco-it/jacoco.xml,build/reports/jacoco/test/jacocoTestReport.xml
remote: INFO: No report imported, no coverage information will be imported by JaCoCo XML Report Importer
remote: INFO: Sensor JaCoCo XML Report Importer [jacoco] (done) | time=5ms
remote: INFO: Sensor CSS Rules [javascript]
remote: INFO: No CSS, PHP, HTML or VueJS files are found in the project. CSS analysis is skipped.
remote: INFO: Sensor CSS Rules [javascript] (done) | time=2ms
remote: INFO: Sensor C# Project Type Information [csharp]
remote: INFO: Sensor C# Project Type Information [csharp] (done) | time=1ms
remote: INFO: Sensor C# Analysis Log [csharp]
remote: INFO: Sensor C# Analysis Log [csharp] (done) | time=34ms
remote: INFO: Sensor C# Properties [csharp]
remote: INFO: Sensor C# Properties [csharp] (done) | time=1ms
remote: INFO: Sensor SurefireSensor [java]
remote: INFO: parsing [/var/opt/gitlab/git-data/repositories/@hashed/6b/86/6b86b273ff34fce19d6b804eff5a3f5747ada4eaa22f1d49c01e52ddb7875b4b.git/tmp/target/surefire-reports]
remote: INFO: Sensor SurefireSensor [java] (done) | time=4ms
remote: INFO: Sensor HTML [web]
remote: INFO: Sensor HTML [web] (done) | time=10ms
remote: INFO: Sensor TextAndSecretsSensor [text]
remote: INFO: 3 source files to be analyzed
remote: INFO: 3/3 source files have been analyzed
remote: INFO: Sensor TextAndSecretsSensor [text] (done) | time=64ms
remote: INFO: Sensor VB.NET Project Type Information [vbnet]
remote: INFO: Sensor VB.NET Project Type Information [vbnet] (done) | time=3ms
remote: INFO: Sensor VB.NET Analysis Log [vbnet]
remote: INFO: Sensor VB.NET Analysis Log [vbnet] (done) | time=42ms
remote: INFO: Sensor VB.NET Properties [vbnet]
remote: INFO: Sensor VB.NET Properties [vbnet] (done) | time=0ms
remote: INFO: Sensor com.github.mc1arke.sonarqube.plugin.scanner.ScannerPullRequestPropertySensor
remote: INFO: Sensor com.github.mc1arke.sonarqube.plugin.scanner.ScannerPullRequestPropertySensor (done) | time=2ms
remote: INFO: Sensor IaC Docker Sensor [iac]
remote: INFO: 0 source files to be analyzed
remote: INFO: 0/0 source files have been analyzed
remote: INFO: Sensor IaC Docker Sensor [iac] (done) | time=149ms
remote: INFO: ------------- Run sensors on project
remote: INFO: Sensor Analysis Warnings import [csharp]
remote: INFO: Sensor Analysis Warnings import [csharp] (done) | time=3ms
remote: INFO: Sensor Zero Coverage Sensor
remote: INFO: Sensor Zero Coverage Sensor (done) | time=17ms
remote: INFO: Sensor Java CPD Block Indexer
remote: INFO: Sensor Java CPD Block Indexer (done) | time=38ms
remote: INFO: SCM Publisher is disabled
remote: INFO: CPD Executor 3 files had no CPD blocks
remote: INFO: CPD Executor Calculating CPD for 0 files
remote: INFO: CPD Executor CPD calculation finished (done) | time=0ms
remote: INFO: Analysis report generated in 137ms, dir size=97.8 kB
remote: INFO: Analysis report compressed in 55ms, zip size=16.8 kB
remote: INFO: Analysis report uploaded in 44ms
remote: INFO: ANALYSIS SUCCESSFUL, you can find the results at: http://47.120.3.240:9000/dashboard?id=sonar-test&branch=master
remote: INFO: Note that you will be able to access the updated dashboard once the server has processed the submitted analysis report
remote: INFO: More about the report processing at http://你的sonarqube:9000/api/ce/task?id=AY52Q8sMVWuDRjAxy0tr
remote: INFO: Analysis total time: 9.598 s
remote: INFO: ------------------------------------------------------------------------
remote: INFO: EXECUTION SUCCESS
remote: INFO: ------------------------------------------------------------------------
remote: INFO: Total time: 12.726s
remote: INFO: Final Memory: 19M/70M
remote: INFO: ------------------------------------------------------------------------
remote: % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
remote: Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
remote:
remote: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 0
remote: 100 370 0 370 0 0 14036 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 14230
remote: 代码检测结果"ERROR"
remote: 删除临时文件夹
remote: 代码检测失败，拒绝提交
error: failed to push some refs to 'http://你的 sonarqube IP/macrosoft/sonar-test.git'
To http://47.119.174.163/macrosoft/sonar-test.git
! refs/heads/master:refs/heads/master [remote rejected] (pre-receive hook declined)
Done
在 sonarqube 对应分支，就能看到检测失败，而且报错内容，就是我们代码写的内容。
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