鸿蒙OS开发实例：【手撸服务卡片】

介绍

服务卡片指导文档位于“开发/应用模型/Stage模型开发指导/Stage模型应用组件”路径下，说明其极其重要。

本篇文章将分享实现服务卡片的过程和代码

准备

请参照[官方指导]，创建一个Demo工程，选择Stage模型

鸿蒙OS开发	更多内容↓点击	HarmonyOS与OpenHarmony技术
鸿蒙技术文档	开发知识更新库gitee.com/li-shizhen-skin/harmony-os/blob/master/README.md在这。	或+mau123789学习，是v喔

搜狗高速浏览器截图20240326151547.png

熟读HarmonyOS 官方指导 “[创建一个ArkTS卡片]”

实践总结

应用打包时，不能选择“Deploy Muti Hap Packages”方式，否则服务卡片不会显示任何内容
官方指导中没有提示添加权限“ohos.permission.KEEP_BACKGROUND_RUNNING”，如果不添加，则无法使用call方式来刷新卡片数据
卡片首次创建时，卡片Id无法传入到卡片中，需通过延时机制，二次更新

效果

卡片元素说明

卡片共有使用到了7个控件
5个Text， 1个Image, 1个Rect
Text('call') : 可点击，实验call事件刷新卡片内容
Text('router'): 可点击，实验router事件刷新卡片内容
Text('message'): 可点击，实验message事件刷新卡片内容
Rect(): 实验卡片动画效果

服务卡片教程

请完全按照“创建一个ArkTS卡片”
修改生成的卡片代码（WidgetCard.ets）

let storageCard = new LocalStorage()

@Entry(storageCard)
@Component
struct WidgetCard {
  /*
   * The mini title.
   */
  readonly MINI_TITLE: string = 'Title';

  /*
   * The item title.
   */
  @LocalStorageProp('ITEM_TITLE')ITEM_TITLE: string = '标题';

  /*
   * The item content.
   */
  @LocalStorageProp('ITEM_CONTENT') ITEM_CONTENT: string = '天气不错';

  /*
   * The action type.
   */
  readonly ACTION_TYPE: string = 'router';

  /*
   * The ability name.
  */
  readonly ABILITY_NAME: string = 'EntryAbility';

  /*
   * The message.
   */
  readonly MESSAGE: string = '来自服务卡片';

  /*
   * The mini display priority.
   */
  readonly MINI_DISPLAY_PRIORITY: number = 2;

  /*
   * The max line.
   */
  readonly MAX_LINES: number = 1;

  /*
   * The with percentage setting.
   */
  readonly FULL_WIDTH_PERCENT: string = '100%';

  /*
   * The height percentage setting.
   */
  readonly FULL_HEIGHT_PERCENT: string = '100%';

  /*
   * Image height percentage setting.
   */
  readonly IMAGE_HEIGHT_PERCENT: string = '64%';
  @State mini: boolean = false;

  @State rectWidth: string = '30%'

  @LocalStorageProp('formId') formId: string = '0';

  build() {
    Row() {
      Column() {
        if (this.mini) {
          Column() {
            Text(this.MINI_TITLE)
              .fontSize($r('app.float.mini_title_font_size'))
              .fontColor($r('app.color.mini_text_font_color'))
              .margin({
                left: $r('app.float.mini_title_margin'),
                bottom: $r('app.float.mini_title_margin')
              })
          }
          .width(this.FULL_WIDTH_PERCENT)
          .alignItems(HorizontalAlign.End)
          .backgroundImageSize(ImageSize.Cover)
          .backgroundImage($r("app.media.ic_widget"), ImageRepeat.NoRepeat)
          .displayPriority(this.MINI_DISPLAY_PRIORITY)
        }
        Stack(){
          Image($r("app.media.ic_widget"))
            .width(this.FULL_WIDTH_PERCENT)
            .height('100%')
            .objectFit(ImageFit.Cover)
            .borderRadius($r('app.float.image_border_radius'))
          Rect()
            .width(this.rectWidth)
            .height('100%')
            .fill('#60ff0000')
            .animation({
              duration: 3000,
              curve: Curve.Linear,
              playMode: PlayMode.Normal,
              iterations: -1,
              onFinish:()=>{
                  if(this.rectWidth == '30%'){
                    this.rectWidth = '50%'
                  } else {
                    this.rectWidth = '30%'
                  }
              }})
          Row(){
            Column({space: 20}){
              Text('call')
                .fontColor(Color.Red)
                .onClick(()=>{
                  console.log('formId: '+this.formId)
                  postCardAction(this, {
                    'action': 'call',
                    'abilityName': 'EntryAbility',
                    'params': {
                      'method': 'funA',
                      'formId': this.formId
                    }
                  });
                })

              Text('router')
                .onClick(()=>{
                  postCardAction(this, {
                    'action': 'router',
                    'abilityName': 'EntryAbility',
                    'params': {
                      'msgTest': 'messageEvent'
                    }
                  });
                })
            }

            Column(){
              Text('message')
                .fontColor(Color.Green)
                .onClick(()=>{
                  postCardAction(this, {
                    'action': 'message',
                    'params': {
                      'msgTest': 'messageEvent'
                    }
                  });
                })
            }

          }.height('100%')
        }
        .width(this.FULL_WIDTH_PERCENT)
        .height(this.IMAGE_HEIGHT_PERCENT)

        Blank()
        Text(this.ITEM_TITLE)
          .fontSize($r('app.float.normal_title_font_size'))
        Text(this.ITEM_CONTENT)
          .maxLines(this.MAX_LINES)
          .fontSize($r('app.float.normal_content_font_size'))
          .textOverflow({ overflow: TextOverflow.Ellipsis })
      }
      .width(this.FULL_WIDTH_PERCENT)
      .height(this.FULL_HEIGHT_PERCENT)
      .alignItems(HorizontalAlign.Start)
      .backgroundColor($r('app.color.start_window_background'))
    }
    .height(this.FULL_HEIGHT_PERCENT)
    .alignItems(VerticalAlign.Top)
    .padding($r('app.float.row_padding'))
    .onClick(() => {
      postCardAction(this, {
        "action": this.ACTION_TYPE,
        "abilityName": this.ABILITY_NAME,
        "params": {
          "message": this.MESSAGE
        }
      });
    })
  }
}

修改应用入口EntryAbility.ets

import window from '@ohos.window';
import UIAbility from '@ohos.app.ability.UIAbility';
import formBindingData from '@ohos.app.form.formBindingData';
import formProvider from '@ohos.app.form.formProvider';
import formInfo from '@ohos.app.form.formInfo';

export default class EntryAbility extends UIAbility {
  storage: LocalStorage

  onCreate(want, launchParam) {
    try{
      let params = JSON.parse(want.parameters.params);

      console.log('onCreate ' + params['message'])
      this.storage = new LocalStorage({'ext': params['message']})
    } catch (e){
      console.log(e)
    }

    try{
      // 监听call事件所需的方法
      this.callee.on('funA', FunACall);
    } catch (e){
      console.log(e)
    }

    if (want.parameters[formInfo.FormParam.IDENTITY_KEY] !== undefined) {
      let curFormId = want.parameters[formInfo.FormParam.IDENTITY_KEY];
      updateCardContent(curFormId, "EntryAbility", "router-welcome")
    }

  }

  onNewWant(want, launchParam) {
    try{
      let params = JSON.parse(want.parameters.params);
      console.log('onNewWant ' + params['message'])
      this.storage = new LocalStorage({'ext': params['message']})
    } catch (e){
       console.log(e)
    }

  }

  onWindowStageCreate(windowStage: window.WindowStage) {
    windowStage.loadContent('pages/Index', this.storage, (err, data) => {
     });
  }

  onDestroy(){
    console.log('onDestroy')
    // this.callee.off('funA')
  }

}

// 在收到call事件后会触发callee监听的方法
function FunACall(data) {
  // 获取call事件中传递的所有参数
  try{
    let params = JSON.parse(data.readString())
    if (params.formId !== undefined) {
      let curFormId = params.formId;
      updateCardContent(curFormId, "EntryAbility", "caller-welcome")
    }
  } catch (e){
    console.log(e)
  }

  return null;
}

function updateCardContent(formId, method, content){
  let formData = {
    'ITEM_TITLE': method, // 和卡片布局中对应
    'ITEM_CONTENT': content, // 和卡片布局中对应
  };
  let formInfo = formBindingData.createFormBindingData(formData)

  formProvider.updateForm(formId, formInfo).then((data) => {
    console.info('FormAbility updateForm success.' + JSON.stringify(data));
  }).catch((error) => {
    console.error('FormAbility updateForm failed: ' + JSON.stringify(error));
  })
}
修改应用入入口页面Index.ets
let storage = new LocalStorage()

@Entry(storage)
@Component
struct Page {
  @State message: string = 'Hello World'
  @LocalStorageProp('ext') extLocalStorageParms: string = '';

  aboutToAppear(){

    console.log(this.extLocalStorageParms)

    if(this.extLocalStorageParms){
      this.message = this.extLocalStorageParms
    }

  }

  build() {
    Row() {
      Column() {
        Text(this.message)
          .fontSize(50)
          .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
      }
      .width('100%')
    }
    .height('100%')
  }

}

修改应用入入口页面Index.ets

let storage = new LocalStorage()

@Entry(storage)
@Component
struct Page {
  @State message: string = 'Hello World'
  @LocalStorageProp('ext') extLocalStorageParms: string = '';

  aboutToAppear(){

    console.log(this.extLocalStorageParms)

    if(this.extLocalStorageParms){
      this.message = this.extLocalStorageParms
    }

  }

  build() {
    Row() {
      Column() {
        Text(this.message)
          .fontSize(50)
          .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
      }
      .width('100%')
    }
    .height('100%')
  }

}

修改EntryFormAbility.ets

import formInfo from '@ohos.app.form.formInfo';
import formBindingData from '@ohos.app.form.formBindingData';
import FormExtensionAbility from '@ohos.app.form.FormExtensionAbility';
import formProvider from '@ohos.app.form.formProvider';

export default class EntryFormAbility extends FormExtensionAbility {

  onAddForm(want) {
    // Called to return a FormBindingData object.
    let formId = want.parameters["ohos.extra.param.key.form_identity"];

    let formData: Record<string, string> = {
      'formId': formId
    };

    console.log('onAddForm '+formId)

    let data = formBindingData.createFormBindingData(formData);

    setTimeout(()=>{
      formProvider.updateForm(formId, data).then((data) => {
        console.info('FormAbility updateForm success.' + JSON.stringify(data));
      }).catch((error) => {
        console.error('FormAbility updateForm failed: ' + JSON.stringify(error));
      })
    }, 1500)

    return data
  }

  onCastToNormalForm(formId) {
    // Called when the form provider is notified that a temporary form is successfully
    // converted to a normal form.
    console.log('onCastToNormalForm')
  }

  onUpdateForm(formId) {
    // Called to notify the form provider to update a specified form.
    console.log('onUpdateForm')
  }

  onChangeFormVisibility(newStatus) {
    // Called when the form provider receives form events from the system.
    console.log('onChangeFormVisibility')
  }

  onFormEvent(formId, message) {
    // Called when a specified message event defined by the form provider is triggered.
    console.log(message)

    this.updateCardContent(formId)
  }

  onRemoveForm(formId) {
    // Called to notify the form provider that a specified form has been destroyed.
    console.log('onRemoveForm')
  }

  onAcquireFormState(want) {
    // Called to return a {@link FormState} object.
    return formInfo.FormState.READY;
  }

  updateCardContent(formId){
    let formData = {
      'ITEM_TITLE': 'EntryFormAbility', // 和卡片布局中对应
      'ITEM_CONTENT': 'welcome', // 和卡片布局中对应
    };
    let formInfo = formBindingData.createFormBindingData(formData)

    formProvider.updateForm(formId, formInfo).then((data) => {
      console.info('FormAbility updateForm success.' + JSON.stringify(data));
    }).catch((error) => {
      console.error('FormAbility updateForm failed: ' + JSON.stringify(error));
    })
  }
};

在module.json5中添加权限

"requestPermissions": [
      {
        "name":  "ohos.permission.KEEP_BACKGROUND_RUNNING",
        "usedScene": {
          "abilities": ["EntryAbility"],
          "when": "inuse"
        }
      }
    ]

7. 最后一步，请确认你的打包方式没有选择“Deploy Multi Hap Packages”, 否则将无法看到服务卡片内容