6.8 迭代器模式
6.8.1 概述
定义:提供一个对象来顺序访问聚合对象中的一系列数据,而不暴露聚合对象的内部表示。
6.8.2 结构
迭代器模式主要包含以下角色:
- 抽象聚合(Aggregate)角色:定义存储、添加、删除聚合元素以及创建迭代器对象的接口。
- 具体聚合(ConcreteAggregate)角色:实现抽象聚合类,返回一个具体迭代器的实例。
- 抽象迭代器(Iterator)角色:定义访问和遍历聚合元素的接口,通常包含 hasNext()、next() 等方法。
- 具体迭代器(Concretelterator)角色:实现抽象迭代器接口中所定义的方法,完成对聚合对象的遍历,记录遍历的当前位置。
6.8.3 案例实现
【例】定义一个可以存储学生对象的容器对象,将遍历该容器的功能交由迭代器实现,涉及到的类如下:
代码如下:
定义迭代器接口,声明hasNext、next方法
class Student {
private String name;
private String number;
public Student(String name, String number) {
this.name = name;
this.number = number;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getNumber() {
return number;
}
public void setNumber(String number) {
this.number = number;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", number='" + number + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
//抽象迭代器角色接口
interface StudentIterator {
boolean hasNext();
Student next();
}
//具体迭代器角色类
class StudentIteratorImpl implements StudentIterator {
private List<Student> list;
private int position = 0;
public StudentIteratorImpl(List<Student> list) {
this.list = list;
}
@Override
public boolean hasNext() {
return position < list.size();
}
@Override
public Student next() {
Student currentStudent = list.get(position);
position++;
return currentStudent;
}
}
interface StudentAggregate {
void addStudent(Student student);
void removeStudent(Student student);
StudentIterator getStudentIterator();
}
class StudentAggregateImpl implements StudentAggregate {
private List<Student> list = new ArrayList<Student>(); // 学生列表
@Override
public void addStudent(Student student) {
this.list.add(student);
}
@Override
public void removeStudent(Student student) {
this.list.remove(student);
}
@Override
public StudentIterator getStudentIterator() {
return new StudentIteratorImpl(list);
}
}
class Client{
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建聚合对象
StudentAggregateImpl studentAggregate = new StudentAggregateImpl();
//添加元素
studentAggregate.addStudent(new Student("张三","1001001"));
studentAggregate.addStudent(new Student("李四","1001002"));
studentAggregate.addStudent(new Student("王二","1001003"));
studentAggregate.addStudent(new Student("麻子","1001004"));
//遍历聚合对象
StudentIterator studentIterator = studentAggregate.getStudentIterator();
while(studentIterator.hasNext()){
Student student = studentIterator.next();
System.out.println(student.toString());
}
}
}
Student{name='张三', number='1001001'}
Student{name='李四', numbe