效果图如下：

当标签栏很多的时候效果图如下：

左侧菜单布局 （$route.path高亮显示激活路由 :default-active="$route.path"）

 <el-menu
          :default-active="$route.path"
          class="el-menu-vertical-demo"
          background-color="#323744"
          text-color="#fff"
          active-text-color="#409eff"
          :collapse="iscollapse"
          unique-opened
          :collapse-transition="false"
          router
        >
         
          <template v-for="(item, index) in menuList">
             <!-- 有下拉 -->
            <el-submenu v-if="item.children" :index="item.id" :key="index">
              <template slot="title">
                <svg-icon :className="item.icon" :iconClass="item.icon"></svg-icon>
                <span>{{ item.title }}</span>
              </template>
              <el-menu-item-group
                v-for="(item, index) in item.children"
                :key="index"
              >
                <el-menu-item :index="item.path" @click="clickMenu(item)">
                  <template slot="title">
                    <svg-icon :className="item.icon" :iconClass="item.icon"></svg-icon>
                    <span>{{ item.subtitle1 }}</span>
                  </template>
                </el-menu-item>
              </el-menu-item-group>
            </el-submenu>

            <!-- 没有下拉 -->
            <el-menu-item v-else :key="index" :index="item.path" @click="clickMenu(item)">
              <svg-icon :className="item.icon" :iconClass="item.icon"></svg-icon>
              <span slot="title">{{ item.subtitle1 }}</span>
            </el-menu-item>
          </template>
        </el-menu>

模拟数据如下：（以下路径均需在router/index.js里面进行配置）

menuList: [
        {
          id: "9",
          subtitle1: "首页",
          icon: "shangjiadianpu",
          path: "/welcome",
        },
        {
          id: "1",
          title: "用户管理",
          icon: "huangguanyonghu",
          children: [
            {
              id: "1-1",
              subtitle1: "时间-moment",
              icon: "huangguanyonghu",
              path: "/user",
            },
            {
              id: "1-2",
              subtitle1: "删除用户",
              icon: "huangguanyonghu",
              img: require("@/assets/logo.png"),
              path: "/user2",
            },
            {
              id: "1-3",
              subtitle1: "图片放大",
              icon: "huangguanyonghu",
              path: "/user3",
            },
          ],
        },
        {
          id: "2",
          title: "表格",
          icon: "ershoujiaoyi",
          children: [
            {
              id: "2-1",
              subtitle1: "表格排序",
              icon: "ershoujiaoyi",
              path: "/tableSort",
            },
            {
              id: "2-2",
              subtitle1: "动画",
              icon: "ershoujiaoyi",
              path: "/animation",
            },
            {
              id: "2-3",
              subtitle1: "权限3",
              icon: "ershoujiaoyi",
              path: "/limit3",
            },
          ],
        },
        {
          id: "6",
          subtitle1: "拖拽-sortablejs",
          icon: "shangpuchuzu",
          path: "/sortable",
        },
         {
          id: "7",
          title: "功能",
          icon: "ershoujiaoyi",
          children: [
            {
              id: "7-1",
              subtitle1: "上下滚动",
              icon: "ershoujiaoyi",
              path: "/numscroll",
            },
             {
              id: "7-9",
              subtitle1: "数字滚动",
              icon: "ershoujiaoyi",
              path: "/icountup",
            },
            {
              id: "7-2",
              subtitle1: "动画",
              icon: "ershoujiaoyi",
              path: "/animation",
            },
            {
              id: "7-3",
              subtitle1: "调用摄像头",
              icon: "ershoujiaoyi",
              path: "/opencamera",
            },
            {
              id: "7-4",
              subtitle1: "裁剪图片",
              icon: "ershoujiaoyi",
              path: "/cropperjs",
            },
            {
              id: "7-5",
              subtitle1: "裁剪图片2",
              icon: "ershoujiaoyi",
              path: "/vuecropper",
            },
            {
              id: "7-6",
              subtitle1: "打印功能",
              icon: "ershoujiaoyi",
              path: "/printjs",
            },
            {
              id: "7-7",
              subtitle1: "vue-pfd预览",
              icon: "ershoujiaoyi",
              path: "/vuepdf",
            },
             {
              id: "7-8",
              subtitle1: "内嵌iframe",
              icon: "ershoujiaoyi",
              path: "/iframepdf",
            },
             {
              id: "7-10",
              subtitle1: "放大镜功能",
              icon: "ershoujiaoyi",
              path: "/magnifier",
            },
            {
              id: "7-11",
              subtitle1: "多表头表格",
              icon: "ershoujiaoyi",
              path: "/xlsx",
            },
            {
              id: "7-12",
              subtitle1: "单表头表格",
              icon: "ershoujiaoyi",
              path: "/xlsx2",
            },
             {
              id: "7-13",
              subtitle1: "Vuecontextmenu",
              icon: "ershoujiaoyi",
              path: "/vuecontextmenu",
            },
            {
              id: "7-14",
              subtitle1: "vcontextmenu",
              icon: "ershoujiaoyi",
              path: "/vcontextmenu",
            },
            {
              id: "7-15",
              subtitle1: "表格合并",
              icon: "ershoujiaoyi",
              path: "/tablehebing",
            },
            {
              id: "7-16",
              subtitle1: "日期选择",
              icon: "ershoujiaoyi",
              path: "/datepicker",
            },
            {
              id: "7-17",
              subtitle1: "treeselect",
              icon: "ershoujiaoyi",
              path: "/treeselect",
            },
            {
              id: "7-19",
              subtitle1: "大屏数据",
              icon: "ershoujiaoyi",
              path: "/datav",
            },
            {
              id: "7-20",
              subtitle1: "左右菜单联动",
              icon: "ershoujiaoyi",
              path:'/leftrightmenu'
            },
            {
              id: "7-18",
              subtitle1: "测试页面",
              icon: "ershoujiaoyi",
              path: "/test",
            },
          ],
        },
      ],

主要内容区域标签栏布局如下：

	<el-tabs
	  class="vab-tabs-content"
	    v-model="activeIndex"
	    type="card"
	    @tab-click="clickTab"
	    @tab-remove="removeTab"
	    
	  >
	      <el-tab-pane
	        v-for="item of openTab"
	        v-if="openTab.length"
	        :key="item.name"
	        :label="item.name"
	        :name="item.route"
	        :closable="isNoClosable(item)"
	      >
	      </el-tab-pane>
  </el-tabs>

标签栏样式

/deep/.el-tabs__header .el-tabs__nav{
    border:none;
  }
  /deep/.el-tabs--card>.el-tabs__header{
    border:none;
  }
  /deep/.el-tabs__header .el-tabs__item{
    padding:0 30px;
    border:none
  }
  /deep/.el-tabs__header .el-tabs__item.is-active {
    color: #1890ff;
    background: #e8f4ff;
    outline: none;
    -webkit-mask: url(~@/assets/images/tabs-bg.png);
    mask: url(~@/assets/images/tabs-bg.png);
    -webkit-mask-size: 100% 100%;
    mask-size: 100% 100%;
}
  /deep/.el-tabs__header .el-tabs__item:hover {
      color: #515a6e;
      background: #dee1e6;
      -webkit-mask: url(~@/assets/images/tabs-bg.png);
      mask: url(~@/assets/images/tabs-bg.png);
      -webkit-mask-size: 100% 100%;
      mask-size: 100% 100%;
  }
  /deep/.el-tabs--card > .el-tabs__header .el-tabs__item.is-closable:hover {
      padding-left: 30px;
      padding-right: 30px;
  }
  /deep/.el-tabs__header .el-tabs__item.is-active.is-closable {
    padding-left: 30px;
    padding-right: 30px;
}
  /deep/.el-tabs__header .el-tabs__item.is-active:hover {
      color: #1890ff !important;
      background: #e8f4ff !important;
      // padding: 0 30px 0 30px;
  }
  .el-tabs__header .el-tabs__item.is-active:hover {
    color: #1890ff;
    background: #e8f4ff;
    -webkit-mask: url(~@/assets/images/tabs-bg.png);
    mask: url(~@/assets/images/tabs-bg.png);
    -webkit-mask-size: 100% 100%;
      mask-size: 100% 100%;
  }

创建一个仓库模块 @/store/Modules/tabs.js

tabs.js代码如下

export default{
    namespaced: true,  //开启命名空间
    state: {
        openTab: JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem('openTab'))|| [],
        activeIndex: ''
      },
      mutations: {
        add_tabs (state, data) {
          //如果等于-1说明tabs不存在那么插入，否则什么都不做
          //findindex找角标，循环判断一下，如果等于那么就代表有相同的，就不必添加，如果找不到那就是-1.就添加
          let result = state.openTab.findIndex(item => item.name === data.name);
          result === -1 ? state.openTab.push(data) : '';
          // 存到本地 页面刷新不丢失
          sessionStorage.setItem('openTab',JSON.stringify(state.openTab))
        },
        delete_tabs (state, route) {
          let index = 0
          for (let gohh of state.openTab) {
            if (gohh.route === route) {
              break
            }
            index++
          }
          state.openTab.splice(index, 1)
          // 存到本地 页面刷新不丢失
          sessionStorage.setItem('openTab',JSON.stringify(state.openTab))
        },
        set_active_index (state, index) {
            console.log(index);
          state.activeIndex = index
        }
      }
}

将tab.js模块引入@store/index.js

import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex from 'vuex
import tabs from './Modules/tabs'
Vue.use(Vuex)
export default new Vuex.Store({
  state: { 
  },
  mutations: {
  },
  actions: {
  },
  modules: {
    tabs
  }
})

主要逻辑代码如下：

在主要内容区域引入如下代码获取tabs.js仓库里面的值在页面进行渲染

  computed: {
    openTab () {
      return this.$store.state.tabs.openTab
    },
    activeIndex: {
      get () {
        return this.$store.state.tabs.activeIndex
      },
      set (val) {
        this.$store.commit('tabs/set_active_index', val)
      }
    }
  },

给左侧菜单导航绑定点击事件clickMenu，去触发仓库的add_tabs事件，把数组添加到openTab数组里面（添加前需要判断openTab是否有当前值，有就不添加，反之添加），把activeIndex也改变

clickMenu(val){
   //备注 ：分模块触发事件可参考vue官网  '模块名/事件名'
    this.$store.commit('tabs/add_tabs',{route: val.path , name: val.subtitle1 })
    this.$store.commit('tabs/set_active_index', val.path)
 },

给标签绑定点击事件clickTab 跳转到对应路由，给标签叉叉绑定removeTab (tab-remove 点击 tab 移除按钮后触发 被删除的标签的 name)拿到对应的路由进行判断

1、如果是首页则不删除；
2、如果删除的高亮激活这一项，则跳转到最后openTab数组的最后一项并高亮；
3、如果删除的不是高亮激活这一项，则不跳转，高亮激活项不变。

clickTab (tab) {
   console.log(tab);
   this.$router.push({path: this.activeIndex})
 },
 removeTab (target) {
   if(target == '/'||target == '/welcome'){
      return
    }
   this.$store.commit('tabs/delete_tabs', target)
   if (this.activeIndex === target) {
     // 设置当前激活的路由
     if (this.openTab && this.openTab.length >= 1) {
       console.log('=============', this.openTab[this.openTab.length - 1].route)
       this.$store.commit('tabs/set_active_index', this.openTab[this.openTab.length - 1].route)
       this.$router.push({path: this.activeIndex})
     }
   }
 },

给el-tab-pane标签绑定属性 :closable="isNoClosable(item)判断el-tab-pane是否显示叉叉，除了首页不显示，其他均显示

isNoClosable(item){
   return item.route !== '/welcome'
 },

刷新时以当前路由做为tab加入tabs，当前路由不是首页时，添加首页以及另一页到store里，并设置激活状态，当前路由是首页时，添加首页到store，并设置激活状态（注意：this.$route.meta.title的title值要和菜单数据里面的subtitle1名称保持一致！！！）

mounted () {
    console.log(this.$route);
    // 刷新时以当前路由做为tab加入tabs
    // 当前路由不是首页时，添加首页以及另一页面到store里，并设置激活状态
    // 当前路由是首页时，添加首页到store，并设置激活状态
    if (this.$route.path !== '/welcome') {
      this.$store.commit('tabs/add_tabs', {route: '/welcome' , name: '首页'})
      this.$store.commit('tabs/add_tabs', {route: this.$route.path , name: this.$route.meta.title })
      this.$store.commit('tabs/set_active_index', this.$route.path)
      
    } else {
      this.$store.commit('tabs/add_tabs', {route: '/welcome', name: '首页'})
      this.$store.commit('tabs/set_active_index', '/welcome')
      
    }
  }

实现思路大致就是这样，主要自己项目的数据稍作修改。