简介

前面把hadoop机器已经准备好了，zk集群搭建好了，本本就是开始搭建hdfs环境

hadoop环境准备

创建hadoop用户

三台机器都创建hadoop用户

useradd hadoop -d /home/hadoop
echo "1q1w1e1r"  | passwd --stdin hadoop

hadoop用户相互免密登录

进入hadoop用户 su - hadoop

生成一个ssh密钥,执行如下命令一直回车就行

ssh-keygen -t rsa -C 'shura@qq.com'

执行免密脚本,自己也需要跟自己互连

ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop@hadoop01
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop@hadoop02
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop@hadoop03

校验,可以ssh就没问题了

[hadoop@hadoop01 ~]$ ssh hadoop02
Last login: Thu Nov 16 10:10:29 2023
[hadoop@hadoop02 ~]$

上传hadoop包

hadoop选择3.2.4版本

hadoop3.2.4

scp hadoop-3.2.4.tar.gz hadoop@hadoop01:/home/hadoop
scp hadoop-3.2.4.tar.gz hadoop@hadoop02:/home/hadoop
scp hadoop-3.2.4.tar.gz hadoop@hadoop03:/home/hadoop

解压

tar -zxvf hadoop-3.2.4.tar.gz

配置环境变量

vi ~/.bash_profile

export HADOOP_HOME=/home/hadoop/hadoop-3.2.4
PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/bin
export PATH

source ~/.bash_profile 使环境变量生效

查看hadoop版本

[hadoop@hadoop01 ~]$ hadoop version
Hadoop 3.2.4
Source code repository Unknown -r 7e5d9983b388e372fe640f21f048f2f2ae6e9eba
Compiled by ubuntu on 2022-07-12T11:58Z
Compiled with protoc 2.5.0
From source with checksum ee031c16fe785bbb35252c749418712
This command was run using /home/hadoop/hadoop-3.2.4/share/hadoop/common/hadoop-common-3.2.4.jar

如上所示表示环境变量配置成功，其它两台机器一样操作

集群规划

我们要搭建的是hdfs的HA集群，需要规划NameNode与DataNode的部署,由于我们只有三台机器，DataNode肯定三台都需要部署，NameNode就一主一备，zkfc与NameNode对应，journalnode每台机器都部署

集群如下

hadoop01	hadoop02	hadoop03
NameNode		NameNode
DataNode	DataNode	DataNode
journalnode	journalnode	journalnode
zkfc		zkfc

同步脚本

由于后面需要修改配置文件，并且每台主机配置都是需要一样的，那么可以写一个同步脚本

同步脚本如下，通过修改hadoop01的配置，执行脚本同步到hadoop02与hadoop03

syncFile.sh

#!/bin/bash

#1. 判断参数个数
if [ $# -lt 1 ]
then
    echo Not Enough Arguement!
    exit;
fi

#2. 遍历集群所有机器
for host in hadoop02 hadoop03
do
    echo ====================  $host  ====================
    #3. 遍历所有目录，挨个发送

    for file in $@
    do
        #4. 判断文件是否存在
        if [ -e $file ]
            then
                #5. 获取父目录
                pdir=$(cd -P $(dirname $file); pwd)

                #6. 获取当前文件的名称
                fname=$(basename $file)
                ssh $host "mkdir -p $pdir"
                rsync -av $pdir/$fname $host:$pdir
            else
                echo $file does not exists!
        fi
    done
done

执行效果如下

[hadoop@hadoop01 hadoop-3.2.4]$ /home/hadoop/hadoop-3.2.4/syncFile.sh /home/hadoop/hadoop-3.2.4/etc/
==================== hadoop02 ====================
sending incremental file list

sent 983 bytes  received 19 bytes  668.00 bytes/sec
total size is 109,238  speedup is 109.02
==================== hadoop03 ====================
sending incremental file list

sent 983 bytes  received 19 bytes  2,004.00 bytes/sec
total size is 109,238  speedup is 109.02

配置文件修改

core-site.xml定义了hadoop的全局配置信息

core-site.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<configuration>
    <!--hadoop集群的默认文件系统,hdfs高可用集群中写nameservice名称,不能出现下划线-->
    <property>
        <name>fs.defaultFS</name>
        <value>hdfs://shura/</value>
    </property>

    <!-- 指定hadoop工作目录 -->
    <property>
        <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
        <value>/home/hadoop/hadoop-3.2.4/tmp</value>
    </property>

    <!-- 指定zookeeper集群访问地址 -->
    <property>
        <name>ha.zookeeper.quorum</name>
        <value>hadoop01:2181,hadoop02:2181,hadoop03:2181</value>
    </property>

    <!-- 配置为了解决以后其他组件连接HDFS集群  -->
    <property>
        <name>hadoop.proxyuser.bigdata.hosts</name>
        <value>*</value>
    </property>

    <property>
        <name>hadoop.proxyuser.bigdata.groups</name>
        <value>*</value>
    </property>

    <property>
        <name>hadoop.http.staticuser.user</name>
        <value>hadoop</value>
    </property>

</configuration>

hdfs-site.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>

<configuration>
    <!-- 指定HDFS的nameservices为 crm, 需要跟core-site.xml中保持一致 -->
    <property>
        <name>dfs.nameservices</name>
        <value>shura</value>
    </property>

    <!-- NameNode持久化存储命名空间和事务日志的本地文件系统上的路径。 -->
    　　
    <property>
        <name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>
        <value>/home/hadoop/hadoop-3.2.4/dfs/namenode</value>
    </property>
    　　<!-- DataNode 存放块位置写，逗号隔开 -->
    <property>
        <name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>
        <value>/home/hadoop/hadoop-3.2.4/dfs/datanode/1,/home/hadoop/hadoop-3.2.4/dfs/datanode/2</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <!--指定hdfs保存数据的副本数量-->
        <name>dfs.replication</name>
        <value>2</value>
    </property>


    <!-- 设置crm集群有两个namenode, 分别为nn1,nn2 -->
    <property>
        <name>dfs.ha.namenodes.shura</name>
        <value>nn1,nn2</value>
    </property>

    <!-- 配置nn1 的RPC通信地址 -->
    <property>
        <name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.shura.nn1</name>
        <value>hadoop01:9000</value>
    </property>

    <!-- 配置nn1的http通信地址 -->
    <property>
        <name>dfs.namenode.http-address.shura.nn1</name>
        <value>hadoop01:50070</value>
    </property>

    <!-- 配置nn2 的RPC通信地址 -->
    <property>
        <name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.shura.nn2</name>
        <value>hadoop03:9000</value>
    </property>

    <!-- 配置nn2的http通信地址 -->
    <property>
        <name>dfs.namenode.http-address.shura.nn2</name>
        <value>hadoop03:50070</value>
    </property>

    <!-- 指定JournalNode 在本地磁盘存放数据的位置 -->
    <property>
        <name>dfs.journalnode.edits.dir</name>
        <value>/home/hadoop/hadoop-3.2.4/journaldata</value>
    </property>

    <!-- 指定NameNode的edits元数据在journalNode上的服务器 -->
    <property>
        <name>dfs.namenode.shared.edits.dir</name>
        <value>qjournal://hadoop01:8485;hadoop02:8485;hadoop03:8485/shura</value>
    </property>

    <!-- 开启NameNode 自动切换 -->
    <property>
        <name>dfs.ha.automatic-failover.enabled</name>
        <value>true</value>
    </property>

    <!-- 配置nameNode失败自动切换的实现方式 shura一定保持与core-site一样-->
    <property>
        <name>dfs.client.failover.proxy.provider.shura</name>
        <value>org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.ha.ConfiguredFailoverProxyProvider</value>
    </property>

    <!-- 配置隔离机制方法 -->
    <property>
        <name>dfs.ha.fencing.methods</name>
        <value>
            sshfence
            shell(/bin/true)
        </value>
    </property>

    <!-- 使用sshfence隔离机制时需要ssh免密登陆 -->
    <property>
        <name>dfs.ha.fencing.ssh.private-key-files</name>
        <value>/home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa</value>
    </property>

    <!-- 配置sshfence隔离机制超时时间 -->
    <property>
        <name>dfs.ha.fencing.ssh.connect-timeout</name>
        <value>30000</value>
    </property>

    <property>
        <name>dfs.webhdfs.enabled</name>
        <value>true</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

workers

hadoop01
hadoop02
hadoop03

以上配置文件在hadoop01上修改，通过syncFile.sh脚本同步

[hadoop@hadoop01 hadoop]$ /home/hadoop/hadoop-3.2.4/syncFile.sh /home/hadoop/hadoop-3.2.4/etc/
==================== hadoop02 ====================
sending incremental file list
etc/hadoop/
etc/hadoop/core-site.xml
etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml
etc/hadoop/workers

sent 5,601 bytes  received 113 bytes  11,428.00 bytes/sec
total size is 112,138  speedup is 19.63
==================== hadoop03 ====================
sending incremental file list
etc/hadoop/
etc/hadoop/core-site.xml
etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml
etc/hadoop/workers

sent 5,601 bytes  received 113 bytes  11,428.00 bytes/sec
total size is 112,138  speedup is 19.63

启动journalnode

journalnode的定义见上一篇文章，hdfs概述与高可用原理

hdfs --daemon start journalnode
WARNING: /home/hadoop/hadoop-3.2.4/logs does not exist. Creating.

## 查看java进程
[hadoop@hadoop01 ~]$ jps
30272 JournalNode
31554 Jps

格式化HDFS

在hadoop01执行下面命令

hdfs namenode -format

该命令会在hdfs上创建一个新的文件系统，并且初始化其目录结构与元数据信息,它会清空NameNode节点的数据目录,包括fsimage和edits文件并且创建新的，是一个比较危险的动作，一般环境搭建的时候使用

fsimage 文件系统的元数据信息

edits 元数据的变化历史记录

执行完后目录效果

[hadoop@hadoop01 hadoop-3.2.4]$ ls -lrt dfs/ journaldata/
journaldata/:
total 4
drwxrwxr-x 4 hadoop hadoop 4096 Nov 16 16:01 shura

dfs/:
total 8
drwxrwxr-x 3 hadoop hadoop 4096 Nov 16 16:00 namenode
drwxrwxr-x 4 hadoop hadoop 4096 Nov 16 16:02 datanode

standby同步元数据

我们有两个NameNode，一个是active，一个是standby，standby是用于同步，在搭建环境的时候，可以手动进行一次同步

需要启动active ,在hadoop01启动

hdfs --daemon start namenode

[hadoop@hadoop01 ~]$ jps
30272 JournalNode
32617 NameNode
32686 Jps

在hadoop03，执行同步命令

hdfs namenode -bootstrapStandby

格式化zkfc

hdfs zkfc -formatZK

启动hdfs集群

只需要一台机器执行start-dfs.sh就可以了

/home/hadoop/hadoop-3.2.4/sbin/start-dfs.sh

## hadoop01
[hadoop@hadoop01 sbin]$ jps
30272 JournalNode
1153 DataNode
1683 Jps
32617 NameNode
1545 DFSZKFailoverController

## hadoop02
[hadoop@hadoop02 ~]$ jps
22608 DataNode
20283 JournalNode
1581 Jps

## hadoop03
[hadoop@hadoop03 ~]$ jps
19265 JournalNode
1227 Jps
21725 DataNode
21598 NameNode
21934 DFSZKFailoverController

查看状态

[hadoop@hadoop01 ~]$ hdfs haadmin  -getAllServiceState
hadoop01:9000                                      active
hadoop03:9000                                      standby

访问

访问NameNode,我们配置的http地址是50070

如上结果所示，与我们规划部署一致

总结

hdfs的部署就到这了，下节我们开始简单使用hdfs

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