刚进入英国学校学习的小伙伴，每次放假都要赶Essay。那么什么是Essay呢？Essay怎么写呢？今天我们就来讲讲Essay中的门道。
A little partner who has just entered a British school must catch up with Essay every holiday.So what is Essay?How does Essay write it?Today we will talk about the doorway in Essay.
一、结构
1、Structure
1.Introduction（约占总字数8%—10%）
–提供事件或主题产生的背景
–Provide the background of the event or theme
–为什么研究这一话题，提出论点
–Why study this topic and put forward an argument
–本文用了哪些理论和模型（课上的知识点）以什么样的顺序写了哪些内容。
–What theories and models are used in this paper(knowledge points in the class)and what content is written in what order.
2.正文（约占总字数75%—80%）
2.Text(about 75%-80%of the total words)
–根据老师要求，梳理正文内容，利用分论点以清晰的逻辑顺序剖析提出的论点；
–According to the teacher's requirements,sort out the content of the text,and analyze the proposed arguments in a clear logical order by using sub arguments;
–论据：example+cite（引用）支持论点。引用要来自Academic books和Academic articles。必要时候可引用图表，有些老师要求图表放在正文，但有些老师要求以appendix的形式，附在文末（reference后面）。
–Argument:example+cite to support the argument.References should come from Academic books and Academic articles.Charts can be quoted when necessary.Some teachers require charts to be placed in the text,but some teachers require them to be attached at the end of the text in the form of appendix(after the reference).
–使用Academic words，避免过大过宽的词，如：good,nice,bad,beautiful；学会同义词替换，同一单词避免多次出现。
–Use Academic words to avoid words that are too big or too wide,such as good,nice,bad,beautiful;Learn to replace synonyms and avoid multiple occurrences of the same word.
–Critical Thinking and Writing！这是在英国写Essay的重要得分点。英国的教育方式更注重鼓励学生深度思考问题并明确的表达自己的想法。这也是普遍的中国学生弱项。那到底该如何有批判性思考呢？
–Critical Thinking and Writing！This is an important scoring point for writing Essay in the UK.The British way of education pays more attention to encouraging students to think deeply and express their ideas clearly.This is also a common weakness of Chinese students.How to think critically?
1).什么是critical？
1)What is critical?
提出你自己的看法，并衡量，判断和证明你的想法。与其他学者的看法进行比较和评估。同时，这也是一个很大程度上客观的过程，但是由你的逻辑和论证驱动。最后，在思考过中总是对自己提问。
Put forward your own ideas,and measure,judge and prove your ideas.Compare and evaluate with the views of other scholars.At the same time,this is also a largely objective process,but it is driven by your logic and argument.Finally,always ask yourself questions when thinking.
2).Critical thinking不是：
2).Critical thinking is not:
对事物的直接描述
A direct description of something
做出假设却不检查、证实它们
Make assumptions without checking and confirming them
没有证据支持概括
No evidence to support generalization
接受外界信息但不提出疑问
Receive external information without asking questions
提供错误信息或误导性信息
Providing incorrect or misleading information
介绍其他人的观点，却没有评论它们
Introduce others'views without commenting on them
3).有助于Critical thinking and writing的提问
Who?What?Where?Why?How?
What is the main argument?
What are the other perspectives on this topic?
What could be going on beneath the surface?
What is not being said?
Why do I agree/disagree with this?
How relevant is this to my Essay?
How will I use this in my Essay?
注意：段落划分，切勿一段中的文字过多，每段大约控制在150—200字左右，保证段落思路清晰，让老师容易阅读。
Note:Don't divide paragraphs into too many words.Each paragraph should be about 150-200 words,so as to ensure clear thinking and make it easy for teachers to read.
3.Conclusion（约占总字数的10%—12%）
–总结全文，让读者再一次对全文有一个全面的认识；
–Summarize the full text,so that readers can have a comprehensive understanding of the full text again;
–Conclusion的写作方法一般是用一句话概括每个分论点，同时总结用到的理论。
–The writing method of Conclusion is generally to summarize each sub argument in one sentence and summarize the theories used.
–建议分论点结束，也跟一个小总结。
–It is suggested to end the argument with a small summary.
4.References（不计入总字数）
–大多数的英国高校要求按照哈佛体系（Harvard Reference）的格式写reference。每个高校的图书馆系统中可以搜到完整具体的哈佛体系格式。
–Most British universities require reference to be written in the format of Harvard Reference.The complete and specific Harvard system format can be found in the library system of each university.
–或者个别高校有自己的要求
–Or some universities have their own requirements
注意：字数仅为建议，具体根据老师要求。
Note:The number of words is only a suggestion,which depends on the teacher's requirements.
接下来给大家介绍一些Essay写作中常用的同义词替换：
Next,we will introduce some synonym substitution commonly used in the paper:
1.提出观点的动词：illustrate,state,explain,show,report,come up with,elucidate,consider
2.顺序连接词：first，firstly,first of all,initially,in addition,moreover,meanwhile,except that,furthermore,finally,eventually,lastly,in the end
3.转折连接词：however,nonetheless,whereas,although,in spite of,despite
4.总结连接词：therefore,thus,in sum,in brief,in conclusion（多用于最后的总结段)，hence
