Kubeadm部署k8s集群

主机准备

主机配置

修改主机名（三个节点分别执行）

配置hosts（所有节点）

关闭防火墙、selinux、swap、dnsmasq(所有节点)

安装依赖包（所有节点）

系统参数设置(所有节点)

时间同步(所有节点)

配置ipvs功能(所有节点)

安装docker（所有节点）

卸载老版本

安装docker

配置国内镜像加速器

安装 kubeadm，kubelet 和 kubectl（所有节点）

安装kubernets master（master节点）

安装kubernets node（node节点）

安装kubernets 网络插件 calico（master节点操作）

kubenertes使用与测试

安装kuboard

访问 Kuboard v3.x

参考文献与常见错误（见参考文献）

主机准备

主机配置

172.171.16.147 crawler-k8s-master

172.171.16.148 crawler-k8s-node1

172.171.16.149 crawler-k8s-node2

修改主机名（三个节点分别执行）

172.171.16.147

hostnamectl set-hostname crawler-k8s-master

172.171.16.148

hostnamectl set-hostname crawler-k8s-node1

172.171.16.149

hostnamectl set-hostname crawler-k8s-node2

查看主机名

hostnamectl #查看主机名

配置hosts（所有节点）

配置 /etc/hosts 文件

cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
172.171.16.147 crawler-k8s-master
172.171.16.148 crawler-k8s-node1
172.171.16.149 crawler-k8s-node2
EOF

关闭防火墙、selinux、swap、dnsmasq(所有节点)

关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

关闭selinux

sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config  #永久
setenforce 0  #临时

关闭swap（k8s禁止虚拟内存以提高性能）

sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab #永久
swapoff -a #临时

//关闭dnsmasq（否则可能导致docker容器无法解析域名）

service dnsmasq stop 
systemctl disable dnsmaq

安装依赖包（所有节点）

yum -y update

yum install wget -y
yum install vim -y

yum -y install conntranck ipvsadm ipset jq sysstat curl iptables libseccomp

系统参数设置(所有节点)

//制作配置文件设置网桥参数

mkdir /etc/sysctl.d

vim /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf

net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
vm.swappiness=0
vm.overcommit_memory = 1
vm.panic_on_oom = 0
fs.inotify.max_user_watches = 89100

/生效文件

sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf

如果报错：

[root@crawler-k8s-master ~]# sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf
sysctl: cannot stat /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-ip6tables: 没有那个文件或目录
sysctl: cannot stat /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables: 没有那个文件或目录

//加载网桥过滤模块

modprobe br_netfilter

然后再次

sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf

时间同步(所有节点)

//安装时间同步服务

yum -y install chrony

//开启服务

systemctl start chronyd

systemctl enable chronyd

配置ipvs功能(所有节点)

在kubernetes中service有两种代理模型，一种是基于iptables的，一种是基于ipvs的
两者比较的话，ipvs的性能明显要高一些，但是如果要使用它，需要手动载入ipvs模块

//添加需要加载的模块写入脚本文件

vim /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules

#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4

//为脚本文件添加执行权限

chmod +x /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules

//执行脚本文件

/bin/bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules

安装docker（所有节点）

卸载老版本

yum remove docker docker-client  docker-client-latest  docker-common docker-latest  docker-latest-logrotate docker-logrotate docker-engine

安装docker

安装yum工具包

yum install -y yum-utils

（方式一）添加yum仓库(官方仓库可能会很慢，可以使用国内仓库)

yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

（方式二）下面是使用阿里仓库：

wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

//安装docker

yum install -y docker-ce-20.10.12 docker-ce-cli-20.10.12

//设置开机启动

systemctl start docker

systemctl enable docker

//重启docker

systemctl daemon-reload

systemctl restart docker

配置国内镜像加速器

vim /etc/docker/daemon.json

{
      "registry-mirrors" : ["https://q5bf287q.mirror.aliyuncs.com", "https://registry.docker-cn.com","http://hub-mirror.c.163.com"],
 	 "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}

配置后


systemctl daemon-reload

systemctl restart docker

安装 kubeadm，kubelet 和 kubectl（所有节点）

工具说明：

kubeadm：部署集群用的命令
kubelet：在集群中每台机器上都要运行的组件，负责管理pod、容器的什么周期
kubectl：集群管理工具

配置阿里云源：

cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

安装：

yum install kubelet-1.23.7 kubeadm-1.23.7 kubectl-1.23.7 -y

设置开机自启动：

systemctl start kubelet && systemctl enable kubelet

查询是否安装成功

yum list installed | grep kubelet
yum list installed | grep kubeadm
yum list installed | grep kubectl

安装kubernets master（master节点）

kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=172.171.16.147 --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --kubernetes-version v1.23.7 --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16

日志如下：

[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.23.7
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [crawler-k8s-master kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local] and IPs [10.96.0.1 172.171.16.147]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [crawler-k8s-master localhost] and IPs [172.171.16.147 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [crawler-k8s-master localhost] and IPs [172.171.16.147 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 12.507186 seconds
[upload-config] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config-1.23" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
NOTE: The "kubelet-config-1.23" naming of the kubelet ConfigMap is deprecated. Once the UnversionedKubeletConfigMap feature gate graduates to Beta the default name will become just "kubelet-config". Kubeadm upgrade will handle this transition transparently.
[upload-certs] Skipping phase. Please see --upload-certs
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node crawler-k8s-master as control-plane by adding the labels: [node-role.kubernetes.io/master(deprecated) node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane node.kubernetes.io/exclude-from-external-load-balancers]
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node crawler-k8s-master as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule]
[bootstrap-token] Using token: i4dp7i.7t1j8ezmgwkj1gio
[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to get nodes
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstrap-token] Creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[kubelet-finalize] Updating "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf" to point to a rotatable kubelet client certificate and key
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 172.171.16.147:6443 --token i4dp7i.7t1j8ezmgwkj1gio \
	--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:9fb74686ff3bea5769e5ed466dbb2c32ed3fc920374ff2175b39b8162ac27f8f

在 master上进一步执行上面提示的命令

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

安装kubernets node（node节点）

将 node 添加到集群中

kubeadm join 172.171.16.147:6443 --token i4dp7i.7t1j8ezmgwkj1gio \
	--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:9fb74686ff3bea5769e5ed466dbb2c32ed3fc920374ff2175b39b8162ac27f8f

然后显示日志：

[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[preflight] Reading configuration from the cluster...
[preflight] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -o yaml'
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[kubelet-start] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...

This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.

Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.

安装kubernets 网络插件 calico（master节点操作）

下载 calico文档 https://docs.projectcalico.org/manifests/calico.yaml

kubectl apply -f calico.yaml

可能出现的问题

（1）修改 CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR 参数为：

kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=172.171.16.147 --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --kubernetes-version v1.23.7 --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16

中的--pod-network-cidr值

（2）修改 IP_AUTODETECTION_METHOD 的值为网卡名称（没有这个参数就不用修改）

ip a 查看网卡名称

（3）修改images 源

grep image calico.yaml

sed -i 's#docker.io##g' calico.yaml

kubenertes使用与测试

kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx #部署nginx
kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort #暴露端口
kubectl get pod,svc #查看服务状态

部署完成

安装kuboard

官网安装地址：安装 Kuboard v3 - 内建用户库 | Kuboard

sudo docker run -d \
  --restart=unless-stopped \
  --name=kuboard \
  -p 80:80/tcp \
  -p 10081:10081/tcp \
  -e KUBOARD_ENDPOINT="http://172.171.16.147:80" \
  -e KUBOARD_AGENT_SERVER_TCP_PORT="10081" \
  -v /root/kuboard-data:/data \
  eipwork/kuboard:v3
  # 也可以使用镜像 swr.cn-east-2.myhuaweicloud.com/kuboard/kuboard:v3 ，可以更快地完成镜像下载。
  # 请不要使用 127.0.0.1 或者 localhost 作为内网 IP \
  # Kuboard 不需要和 K8S 在同一个网段，Kuboard Agent 甚至可以通过代理访问 Kuboard Server \

WARNING

KUBOARD_ENDPOINT 参数的作用是，让部署到 Kubernetes 中的 kuboard-agent 知道如何访问 Kuboard Server；
KUBOARD_ENDPOINT 中也可以使用外网 IP；
Kuboard 不需要和 K8S 在同一个网段，Kuboard Agent 甚至可以通过代理访问 Kuboard Server；
建议在 KUBOARD_ENDPOINT 中使用域名；
如果使用域名，必须能够通过 DNS 正确解析到该域名，如果直接在宿主机配置 /etc/hosts 文件，将不能正常运行；

参数解释

建议将此命令保存为一个 shell 脚本，例如 start-kuboard.sh，后续升级 Kuboard 或恢复 Kuboard 时，需要通过此命令了解到最初安装 Kuboard 时所使用的参数；
第 4 行，将 Kuboard Web 端口 80 映射到宿主机的 80 端口（您可以根据自己的情况选择宿主机的其他端口）；
第 5 行，将 Kuboard Agent Server 的端口 10081/tcp 映射到宿主机的 10081 端口（您可以根据自己的情况选择宿主机的其他端口）；
第 6 行，指定 KUBOARD_ENDPOINT 为 http://内网IP，如果后续修改此参数，需要将已导入的 Kubernetes 集群从 Kuboard 中删除，再重新导入；
第 7 行，指定 KUBOARD_AGENT_SERVER 的端口为 10081，此参数与第 5 行中的宿主机端口应保持一致，修改此参数不会改变容器内监听的端口 10081，例如，如果第 5 行为 -p 30081:10081/tcp 则第 7 行应该修改为 -e KUBOARD_AGENT_SERVER_TCP_PORT="30081"；
第 8 行，将持久化数据 /data 目录映射到宿主机的 /root/kuboard-data 路径，请根据您自己的情况调整宿主机路径；