Appium+Python实现iOS自动化测试~环境搭建

Appium是一款开源的跨平台测试自动化工具，适用于本地，混合和移动网络和桌面应用程序。支持模拟器（iOS、Android）和真实设备（iOS，Android，Windows，Mac）。

准备工具

Xcode
PyCharm
Command Line Tool
HomeBrew 、Node 、npm ...

1.安装 Homebrew

Homebrew 是MACOSX的软件管理工具,粗俗点说就是ma界的qq软件助手之类的东西。所以通过brew,安装什么chrome浏览器啊、atom编辑器之类的可视化工具也是可以的。

/usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

2.安装 Node

1.使用Homebrew下载:

brew install node

2.或者从官方地址下载.pkg文件安装

3.安装 npm

npm 是node.js界的程序/模块管理工具,也就是说npm只管理那些服务于JavaScript社区的程序。而且跨平台,只要有node环境,windows和osx,以及其他unix like操作系统都可以使用。如不需要命令行启动Appium可跳过此步骤。

切换淘宝镜像安装cnpm(由于某种原因,直接用npm下载安装会有好多网络问题，安装淘宝的cnpm要比npm好用):

npm install -g cnpm --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org

4.安装carthage

类似cocoapods管理第三方代码，自动将工程编译为动态库，仅支持iOS8以上。

brew install carthage

5.安装其他工具

libimobiledevice 使用指南

brew install libimobiledevice --HEAD

ideviceinstaller 负责给iOS设备安装卸载应用或者备份应用。该工具是基于libmobiledevice的,因此首先要完成libmobiledevice的编译安装

brew install ideviceinstaller
ideviceinstaller不支持iOS10。所以我们还需要安装**ios-deploy**,ios-deploy是一个使用命令行安装iosapp到连接的设备的工具,原理是根据osx命令行工程调用系统底层函数,获取连接的设备、查询/安装/卸载app。
cnpm install -g ios-deploy

xcpretty 用于对xcodebuild的输出进行格式化,可以不安装

sudo gem install xcpretty

App Inspector 是运行在浏览器端的移动设备 UI 查看器，使用树状态结构查看 UI 布局，并且能自动生成 XPath，方便脚本的编写和生成。

cnpm install app-inspector -g

6.下载Appium-Python-Client

先安装 pip

sudo easy_install pip

再安装 Appium-Python-Client

sudo pip install Appium-Python-Client

7.下载 appium 和appium-doctor

这里有两种安装appium的方式,一种是利用cnpm下载安装:

cnpm install -g appium

cnpm install -g appium-doctor

推荐! 还可以选择下载 Appium-desktop安装包 ,打开Appium-desktop的dmg包，复制Appium.app到Applications文件夹中，即完成安装。

8.配置 appium-xcuitest-driver

appium-xcuitest-driver其中引用Facebook提供的WDA方案来驱动iOS的测试

// !如果WebDriverAgent 所在路径和此不同，请自行查找
cd  /usr/local/lib/node_modules/appium/node_modules/appium-xcuitest-driver/WebDriverAgent

// 如果是安装appium-desktop的话,路径为
cd /Applications/Appium.app/Contents/Resources/app/node_modules/appium/node_modules/appium-xcuitest-driver/WebDriverAgent

mkdir -p Resources/WebDriverAgent.bundle

sh ./Scripts/bootstrap.sh

该脚本会使用Carthage下载所有的依赖，使用npm打包响应的js文件。

常见报错:Cannot find module ‘eslint-config-appium 加上参数-d即可:

sh ./Scripts/bootstrap.sh -d

运行成功截图如下:

重点来了!!!

如果怎么样都无法成功,请从github上拉取一份最新的wda代码!

git clone https://github.com/facebook/WebDriverAgent.git
cd 到WebDriverAgent
sh ./Scripts/bootstrap.sh

运行成功后,把这一份代码替换到/usr/local/lib/node_modules/appium/node_modules/appium-xcuitest-driver/WebDriverAgent下就OK了。一定要先运行成功,再替换!

9.运行appium-doctor,查看结果

appium-doctor

info AppiumDoctor Appium Doctor v.1.4.3
info AppiumDoctor ### Diagnostic starting ###
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ The Node.js binary was found at: /usr/local/bin/node
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ Node version is 8.9.4
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ Xcode is installed at: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ Xcode Command Line Tools are installed.
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ DevToolsSecurity is enabled.
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ The Authorization DB is set up properly.
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ Carthage was found at: /usr/local/bin/carthage
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ HOME is set to: /Users/limaolin
WARN AppiumDoctor  ✖ ANDROID_HOME is NOT set!
WARN AppiumDoctor  ✖ JAVA_HOME is NOT set!
WARN AppiumDoctor  ✖ adb could not be found because ANDROID_HOME is NOT set!
WARN AppiumDoctor  ✖ android could not be found because ANDROID_HOME is NOT set!
WARN AppiumDoctor  ✖ emulator could not be found because ANDROID_HOME is NOT set!
WARN AppiumDoctor  ✖ Bin directory for $JAVA_HOME is not set
info AppiumDoctor ### Diagnostic completed, 6 fixes needed. ###
info AppiumDoctor 
info AppiumDoctor ### Manual Fixes Needed ###
info AppiumDoctor The configuration cannot be automatically fixed, please do the following first:
WARN AppiumDoctor - Manually configure ANDROID_HOME.
WARN AppiumDoctor - Manually configure JAVA_HOME.
WARN AppiumDoctor - Manually configure ANDROID_HOME and run appium-doctor again.
WARN AppiumDoctor - Add '$JAVA_HOME/bin' to your PATH environment
info AppiumDoctor ###
info AppiumDoctor 
info AppiumDoctor Bye! Run appium-doctor again when all manual fixes have been applied!
info AppiumDoctor

10.配置Android_HOME、JAVA_HOME

下载Android SDK Manager , 下载成功后，打开终端，输入cd到Android SDK的tools目录所在路径(从下载可见tools目录,将tools目录直接拖入到cd后面即可自动补全路径)

再输入命令./android sdk，弹出SDK Manager,如下图:

vi ~/.bash_profile

添加HOME路径:

export JAVA_HOME=$(/usr/libexec/java_home)
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
export CLASS_PATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib
export ANDROID_HOME=/usr/local/android-sdk-macosx

执行sources命令:

source ~/.bash_profile

再次运行appium-doctor查看结果,此时:

info AppiumDoctor Appium Doctor v.1.4.3
info AppiumDoctor ### Diagnostic starting ###
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ The Node.js binary was found at: /usr/local/bin/node
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ Node version is 8.9.4
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ Xcode is installed at: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ Xcode Command Line Tools are installed.
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ DevToolsSecurity is enabled.
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ The Authorization DB is set up properly.
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ Carthage was found at: /usr/local/bin/carthage
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ HOME is set to: /Users/limaolin
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ ANDROID_HOME is set to: /usr/local/android-sdk-macosx
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ JAVA_HOME is set to: /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_112.jdk/Contents/Home
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ adb exists at: /usr/local/android-sdk-macosx/platform-tools/adb
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ android exists at: /usr/local/android-sdk-macosx/tools/android
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ emulator exists at: /usr/local/android-sdk-macosx/tools/emulator
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ Bin directory of $JAVA_HOME is set
info AppiumDoctor ### Diagnostic completed, no fix needed. ###
info AppiumDoctor 
info AppiumDoctor Everything looks good, bye!
info AppiumDoctor

如果还没有生效的话,进入终端的偏好设置:

修改shell的打开方式为 /bin/bash 安装zsh的童鞋自行修改为zshell的路径~

11.编译WDA

WDA是appium自动化测试的核心。

配置正确的BundleId和证书,编译WebDriverAgentLib、WebDriverAgentRunner

cmd+U运行测试,或者

cd  /usr/local/lib/node_modules/appium/node_modules/appium-xcuitest-driver/WebDriverAgent
xcodebuild -project WebDriverAgent.xcodeproj -scheme WebDriverAgentRunner -destination 'id=真机的udid' test

开始测试

常见问题1:

解决方法: 在通用-描述文件与设备管理中信任刚才配置的开发者!重复刚才的命令就OK了~

常见问题2:

Connection peer refused channel request for "dtxproxy:XCTestDriverInterface:XCTestManager_IDEInterface";
channel canceled Failed to run tests: The operation couldn’t be completed. (DTXProxyChannel error 1.)

解决方法: 重新插拔一下USB线

当出现如下: