目录
算法概述
常用遍历算法for_each
常用遍历算法transform
常用查找算法find
常用查找算法find_if
常用查找算法adjacent_find
常用查找算法binary_search
常用查找算法count
常用查找算法count_if
算法概述
算法主要是由头文件<algorithm><functional> <numeric>组成
<algorithm>是所有STL头文件中最大的一个,范围涉及到比较、交换、查找、遍历操作、复制、修改等等。<numeric>体积很小,只包括几个在序列上面进行简单数学运算的模板函数
<functiona>定义了一些模板类用以声明函数对象。
常用遍历算法for_each
for_each //遍历容器
#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
#include <iterator>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <deque>
#include <bitset>
#include <ctime>
#include <stack>
#include <queue>
#include <list>
#include <set>
#include <map>
#include<functional>
using namespace std;
void print01(int v)
{
cout << v << " ";
}
//仿函数
class print02
{
public:
void operator()(int i)
{
cout << i<< " ";
}
};
void test01()
{
vector<int>v;
for(int i = 0;i<10;i++)
{
v.push_back(i);
}
for_each(v.begin(),v.end(),print01);
cout << endl;
for_each(v.begin(),v.end(),print02());
cout << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
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常用遍历算法transform
功能描述:
搬运容器到另一个容器中
函数原型:
transform(iterator beg1, iterator end1, iterator beg2, func);
//beg1源容器开始迭代器
//end1源容器结束选代器
//beg2目标容器开始迭代器
//_func函数或者函数对象
#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
#include <iterator>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <deque>
#include <bitset>
#include <ctime>
#include <stack>
#include <queue>
#include <list>
#include <set>
#include <map>
#include<functional>
using namespace std;
class mytransform
{
public:
int operator()(int i)
{
return i + 100;
}
};
class myprint
{
public:
void operator()(int i)
{
cout << i << " ";
}
};
void test01()
{
vector<int>v;
for(int i = 0;i<10;i++)
{
v.push_back(i);
}
vector<int>v2;//目标容器
v2.resize(v.size());//需要提前开辟空间
transform(v.begin(),v.end(),v2.begin(),mytransform());//搬运
for_each(v2.begin(),v2.end(),myprint());//输出
cout << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
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常用查找算法find
查找指定元素,找到返回指定元素的迭代器,找不到返回结束迭代器end()
find//查找元素
find if//按条件查找元素
adjacent find//查找相邻重复元素
binary_search//二分查找法
count//统计元素个数
count if//按条件统计元素个数
#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
#include <iterator>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <deque>
#include <bitset>
#include <ctime>
#include <stack>
#include <queue>
#include <list>
#include <set>
#include <map>
#include<functional>
using namespace std;
class person
{
public:
person(string name,int age)
{
this->m_age = age;
this->m_name = name;
}
bool operator==(const person& p)
{
if(this->m_name == p.m_name && this->m_age == p.m_age)
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
public:
int m_age;
string m_name;
};
void test01()
{
vector<int>v;
for(int i = 0;i<10;i++)
{
v.push_back(i);
}
vector<int>::iterator it = find(v.begin(),v.end(),5);
if(it == v.end())
{
cout << "没有找到"<< endl;
}
else
{
cout << "找到元素:"<<*it << endl;
}
}
void test02()
{
vector<person>v;
person p1("aaa",10);
person p2("aaa",20);
person p3("aaa",30);
person p4("aaa",40);
v.push_back(p1);
v.push_back(p2);
v.push_back(p3);
v.push_back(p4);
vector<person>::iterator it = find(v.begin(),v.end(),p2);
if(it == v.end())
{
cout << "没有找到" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "年龄:" << it->m_age<<"姓名:" <<it->m_name << endl;
}
}
int main()
{
test01();
test02();
return 0;
}
常用查找算法find_if
find if(iterator beg, iterator end,Pred);// 按值查找元素,找到返回指定位置迭代器,找不到返回结束迭代器位置
// beg开始选代器
//end 结束选代器
//_Pred函数或者谓词(返回bool类型的仿函数)
#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
#include <iterator>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <deque>
#include <bitset>
#include <ctime>
#include <stack>
#include <queue>
#include <list>
#include <set>
#include <map>
#include<functional>
using namespace std;
//内置数据类型
class GreaterFive
{
public:
bool operator()(int val)
{
return val > 5;
}
};
void test01()
{
vector<int>v;
for(int i = 0;i<10;i++)
{
v.push_back(i);
}
vector<int>::iterator it = find_if(v.begin(),v.end(),GreaterFive());
if(it == v.end())
{
cout << "没有找到"<< endl;
}
else
{
cout << "找到元素:"<<*it << endl;
}
}
//自定义数据类型
class person
{
public:
person(string name,int age)
{
this->m_age = age;
this->m_name = name;
}
bool operator==(const person& p)
{
if(this->m_name == p.m_name && this->m_age == p.m_age)
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
public:
int m_age;
string m_name;
};
class Greater20
{
public:
bool operator()(person &p)
{
return p.m_age > 20;
}
};
void test02()
{
vector<person>v;
person p1("aaa",10);
person p2("aaa",20);
person p3("aaa",30);
person p4("aaa",40);
v.push_back(p1);
v.push_back(p2);
v.push_back(p3);
v.push_back(p4);
//找年龄大于20的
vector<person>::iterator it = find_if(v.begin(),v.end(),Greater20());
if(it == v.end())
{
cout << "没有找到" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "年龄:" << it->m_age<<"姓名:" <<it->m_name << endl;
}
}
int main()
{
test01();
test02();
return 0;
}
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常用查找算法adjacent_find
adjacent find(iterator beg, iterator end);
//查找相邻重复元素,返回相邻元素的第一个位置的选代器
// beg开始选代器
//end结束选代器
#include <set>
#include <map>
#include<functional>
using namespace std;
void test01()
{
vector<int>v;
v.push_back(0);
v.push_back(1);
v.push_back(0);
v.push_back(2);
v.push_back(2);
v.push_back(3);
v.push_back(4);
vector<int>::iterator it = adjacent_find(v.begin(),v.end());
if(it == v.end())
{
cout << "没有找到"<< endl;
}
else
{
cout << "找到元素:"<<*it << endl;
}
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
编译运行
找到元素: 6
常用查找算法binary_search
bool binary_search(iterator beg, iterator end, value);
//查找指定的元素,查到返true 否则false
//注意在无序序列中不可用
// beg开始选代器//end结束选代器
// value 查找的元素
#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
#include <iterator>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <deque>
#include <bitset>
#include <ctime>
#include <stack>
#include <queue>
#include <list>
#include <set>
#include <map>
#include<functional>
using namespace std;
void test01()
{
vector<int>v;
for(int i = 0;i<10;i++)
{
v.push_back(i);
}
bool ret = binary_search(v.begin(),v.end(),2);
if(!ret)
{
cout << "没有找到"<< endl;
}
else
{
cout << "找到元素2"<< endl;
}
}
int main()
{
test01();
return 0;
}
常用查找算法count
count(iterator beg, iterator end, value);
// 统计元素出现次数
// beg开始选代器//end结束选代器
// value统计的元素
#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
#include <iterator>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <deque>
#include <bitset>
#include <ctime>
#include <stack>
#include <queue>
#include <list>
#include <set>
#include <map>
#include<functional>
using namespace std;
//统计内置数据类型
void test01()
{
vector<int>v;
for(int i = 0;i<10;i++)
{
v.push_back(i);
}
int num = count(v.begin(),v.end(),2);
cout << "元素2出现的次数:"<< num << endl;
}
//统计自定义数据类型
class person
{
public:
person(string name,int age)
{
this->m_age = age;
this->m_name = name;
}
bool operator==(const person &p)
{
if(this->m_age == p.m_age)
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
public:
int m_age;
string m_name;
};
void test02()
{
vector<person>v;
person p1("aaa",10);
person p2("bbb",20);
person p3("ccc",30);
person p4("ddd",40);
person p5("eee",50);
person p6("fff",40);
v.push_back(p1);
v.push_back(p2);
v.push_back(p3);
v.push_back(p4);
v.push_back(p5);
int num = count(v.begin(),v.end(),p6);
cout << "和fff同龄的有:"<< num<<endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
test02();
return 0;
}
编译运行
常用查找算法count_if
count if(iterator beg, iterator end, Pred):
// 按条件统计元素出现次数
// beg开始迭代器
//end结束选代器
//_Pred谓词
#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
#include <iterator>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <deque>
#include <bitset>
#include <ctime>
#include <stack>
#include <queue>
#include <list>
#include <set>
#include <map>
#include<functional>
using namespace std;
//统计内置数据类型
class greater2
{
public:
bool operator()(int val)
{
return val > 2;
}
};
void test01()
{
vector<int>v;
for(int i = 0;i<10;i++)
{
v.push_back(i);
}
int num = count_if(v.begin(),v.end(),greater2());
cout << "元素大于2出现的次数:"<< num << endl;
}
//统计自定义数据类型
class person
{
public:
person(string name,int age)
{
this->m_age = age;
this->m_name = name;
}
bool operator==(const person &p)
{
if(this->m_age == p.m_age)
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
public:
int m_age;
string m_name;
};
class greater20
{
public:
bool operator()(const person &p)
{
return p.m_age > 20;
}
};
void test02()
{
vector<person>v;
person p1("aaa",10);
person p2("bbb",20);
person p3("ccc",30);
person p4("ddd",40);
person p5("eee",50);
person p6("fff",40);
v.push_back(p1);
v.push_back(p2);
v.push_back(p3);
v.push_back(p4);
v.push_back(p5);
int num = count_if(v.begin(),v.end(),greater20());
cout << "大于20岁的人有:"<< num<<endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
test02();
return 0;
}
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