1、掌握不同类型变量转换的规则与字节操作进行位修改的技巧。
unsigned char a;unsigned int b;unsigned int c;
1)自动类型转换
2）强制类型转换C = （unsigned long）a*bl; C = (unsigned long)(a*b);
3）不同类型变量的赋值b = a ;a = b;b = ? a = ?
4)bit型强制类型转换 bit a = 0;unsigned char b ; a = (bit)b; a =?\
定时器定时世界调整
单片机进出中断都需要响应时间，并且需要进行压栈。
方法一：使用debug观察时间，进行补偿
方法二：长时间运行累积误差进行调整
字节操作修改
对于一个字节的任何一位来说，不管原来这是一位是1还是0
它跟0进行与运算，结果是0，跟1进行与计算，保持原来的值
它跟1进行或运算，结果就是1，跟0进行或运算，保持原来的值
2.PWM的实质，尝试控制不同的小灯实现不同节奏的呼吸灯效果。
#include <REGX52.H>
sbit led = P0^0;
sbit addr0 = P1^0;
sbit addr1 = P1^1;
sbit addr2 = P1^2;
sbit addr3 = P1^3;
sbit ENLED = P1^4;
unsigned char HighRH = 0; //¸ßµçƽÖØÔØÖµµÄ¸ß×Ö½Ú
unsigned char HighRL = 0; //¸ßµçƽÖØÔØÖµµÄµÍ×Ö½Ú
unsigned char LowRH = 0; //µÍµçƽÖØÔØÖµµÄ¸ß×Ö½Ú
unsigned char LowRL = 0; //µÍµçƽÖØÔØÖµµÄµÍ×Ö½Ú
unsigned char T1RH = 0; //T1ÖØÔØÖµµÄ¸ß×Ö½Ú
unsigned char T1RL = 0; //T1ÖØÔØÖµµÄµÍ×Ö½Ú
unsigned long PeriodCnt;
void ContPvm(unsigned int arr,unsigned char arr1);
void ConfigTimer1(unsigned int time);
void ClosePWM();
void main()
{
unsigned int i = 0;
EA = 1;
addr0 = 0;
addr1 = 1;
addr2 = 1;
addr3 = 1;
ENLED = 0;
while(1)
{
ContPvm(100,30);
ConfigTimer1(50);
while(1);
}
}
void ContPvm(unsigned int arr,unsigned char arr1)
{
unsigned int high, low;
PeriodCnt = (11059200 / 12) / arr;
high = (PeriodCnt*arr1) / 100;
low = PeriodCnt - high;
high = 65536 - high + 12; //¼ÆËã¸ßµçƽµÄ¶¨Ê±Æ÷ÖØÔØÖµ²¢²¹³¥ÖжÏÑÓʱ
low = 65536 - low + 12;
HighRH = (unsigned char)(high >> 8);
HighRL = (unsigned char)high;
LowRH = (unsigned char)(low >> 8);
LowRL = (unsigned char)low;
TMOD = 0x01;
TH0 = HighRH;
TL0 = HighRL;
ET0 = 1;
TR0 = 1;
led = 1;
}
void ConfigTimer1(unsigned int time)
{
unsigned int tmp;
tmp = 11059200 / 12;
tmp = (tmp*time) /1000;
tmp = tmp + 12;
T1RH = (unsigned char)(tmp>>8);
T1RL = (unsigned char)tmp;
TMOD &= 0x0f;
TMOD |= 0x01;
TH1 = T1RH;
TL1 = T1RL;
ET1 = 1;
TR1 = 1;
}
void InterruptTimer0() interrupt 1
{
if( led == 1)
{
TH0 = LowRH;
TL0 = LowRL;
led = 0;
}
else
{
TH0 = HighRH;
TL0 = HighRL;
led = 1;
}
}
void AdjustDutyCycle(unsigned char dc)
{
unsigned int high,low;
high = (PeriodCnt*dc) / 100;
low = PeriodCnt - high;
high = 65536 - high + 12; //¼ÆËã¸ßµçƽµÄ¶¨Ê±Æ÷ÖØÔØÖµ²¢²¹³¥ÖжÏÑÓʱ
low = 65536 - low + 12;
HighRH = (unsigned char)(high >> 8);
HighRL = (unsigned char)high;
LowRH = (unsigned char)(low >> 8);
LowRL = (unsigned char)low;
}
void InterruptTimer1() interrupt 3
{
static bit dir = 0;
static unsigned char index = 0;
unsigned char code table[13] = { //Õ¼¿Õ±Èµ÷Õû±í
5, 18, 30, 41, 51, 60, 68, 75, 81, 86, 90, 93, 95
};
TH1 = T1RH;
TL1 = T1RL;
AdjustDutyCycle(table[index]); //µ÷ÕûPWMµÄÕ¼¿Õ±È
if(dir == 1)
{
index++;
if(index <= 12)
{
dir = 1;
}
}
else
{
index--;
if(index == 0)
{
dir = 0;
}
}
}
3、实现数码管计时和流水灯同时显示的效果。
#include <reg52.h>
sbit ADDR0 = P1^0;
sbit ADDR1 = P1^1;
sbit ADDR2 = P1^2;
sbit ADDR3 = P1^3;
sbit ENLED = P1^4;
bit time1 = 0;
bit time2 = 0;
unsigned char code LedChar[] = { //ÊýÂë¹ÜÏÔʾ×Ö·ûת»»±í
0xC0, 0xF9, 0xA4, 0xB0, 0x99, 0x92, 0x82, 0xF8,
0x80, 0x90, 0x88, 0x83, 0xC6, 0xA1, 0x86, 0x8E
};
unsigned char LedBuff[7] = { //ÊýÂë¹Ü+¶ÀÁ¢LEDÏÔʾ»º³åÇø£¬³õÖµ0xFFÈ·±£Æô¶¯Ê±¶¼²»ÁÁ
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF
};
void FlowingLight();
void ShowCount();
void main()
{
EA = 1;
ENLED = 0;
ADDR3 =1;
TMOD = 0x01;
TH0 = 0xfc;
TL0 = 0x01;
ET0 = 1;
TR0 = 1;
while(1)
{
if(time1 == 1)
{
time1= 0;
FlowingLight();
}
if(time2 == 1)
{
time2 = 0;
ShowCount();
}
}
}
void FlowingLight()
{
unsigned char i = 0;
static unsigned char shift = 0x01;
if(i == 1)
{
shift = shift << 1;
P0 = ~shift;
if(shift == 0x80)
{
i = 0;
}
if(i == 0)
{
shift = shift >> 1;
P0 = ~shift;
if(shift == 0x00)
{
i = 1;
}
}
}
}
void ShowCount()
{
char i;
unsigned char buf[6];
static unsigned long sec = 0;
sec++;
buf[0] = sec%10; //½«sec°´Ê®½øÖÆλ´ÓµÍµ½¸ßÒÀ´ÎÌáÈ¡µ½bufÊý×éÖÐ
buf[1] = sec/10%10;
buf[2] = sec/100%10;
buf[3] = sec/1000%10;
buf[4] = sec/10000%10;
buf[5] = sec/100000%10;
for(i=0;i<=5;i++)
{
if( buf[i] == 0)
LedBuff[i] = 0xff;
else
break;
}
for( ;i>=0;i--)
{
LedBuff[i] = LedChar[buf[i]];
}
}
void InterruptTimer0() interrupt 1
{
static unsigned char i = 0; //¶¯Ì¬É¨ÃèµÄË÷Òý
static unsigned char cnt200 = 0; //200ms¶¨Ê±
static unsigned int cnt1000 = 0; //1000ms¼´1s¶¨Ê±
TH0 = 0xfc;
TL0 = 0x01;
cnt200++;
if(cnt200 == 200)
{
time1 = 1;
cnt200 = 0;
}
if(cnt1000 == 1000)
{
time2 = 1;
cnt1000 = 0;
}
P0 = 0xFF; //ÏÔʾÏûÒþ
switch (i)
{
case 0: ADDR2=0; ADDR1=0; ADDR0=0; i++; P0=LedBuff[0]; break;
case 1: ADDR2=0; ADDR1=0; ADDR0=1; i++; P0=LedBuff[1]; break;
case 2: ADDR2=0; ADDR1=1; ADDR0=0; i++; P0=LedBuff[2]; break;
case 3: ADDR2=0; ADDR1=1; ADDR0=1; i++; P0=LedBuff[3]; break;
case 4: ADDR2=1; ADDR1=0; ADDR0=0; i++; P0=LedBuff[4]; break;
case 5: ADDR2=1; ADDR1=0; ADDR0=1; i++; P0=LedBuff[5]; break;
case 6: ADDR2=1; ADDR1=1; ADDR0=0; i=0; P0=LedBuff[6]; break;
default: break;
}
}
4、学会长短按键的用法，独立把本节课的程序全部写出来。
#include <reg52.h>
sbit BUZZ = P1^6;
sbit ADDR3 = P1^3;
sbit ENLED = P1^4;
sbit KEY_IN_1 = P2^4;
sbit KEY_IN_2 = P2^5;
sbit KEY_IN_3 = P2^6;
sbit KEY_IN_4 = P2^7;
sbit KEY_OUT_1 = P2^3;
sbit KEY_OUT_2 = P2^2;
sbit KEY_OUT_3 = P2^1;
sbit KEY_OUT_4 = P2^0;
unsigned char code LedChar[] = { //ÊýÂë¹ÜÏÔʾ×Ö·ûת»»±í
0xC0, 0xF9, 0xA4, 0xB0, 0x99, 0x92, 0x82, 0xF8,
0x80, 0x90, 0x88, 0x83, 0xC6, 0xA1, 0x86, 0x8E
};
unsigned char LedBuff[7] = { //ÊýÂë¹Ü+¶ÀÁ¢LEDÏÔʾ»º³åÇø
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF
};
unsigned char code KeyCodeMap[4][4] = { //¾ØÕó°´¼ü±àºÅµ½±ê×¼¼üÅ̼üÂëµÄÓ³Éä±í
{ 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x26 }, //Êý×Ö¼ü1¡¢Êý×Ö¼ü2¡¢Êý×Ö¼ü3¡¢ÏòÉϼü
{ 0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x25 }, //Êý×Ö¼ü4¡¢Êý×Ö¼ü5¡¢Êý×Ö¼ü6¡¢Ïò×ó¼ü
{ 0x37, 0x38, 0x39, 0x28 }, //Êý×Ö¼ü7¡¢Êý×Ö¼ü8¡¢Êý×Ö¼ü9¡¢Ïòϼü
{ 0x30, 0x1B, 0x0D, 0x27 } //Êý×Ö¼ü0¡¢ESC¼ü¡¢ »Ø³µ¼ü¡¢ ÏòÓÒ¼ü
};
unsigned char KeySta[4][4] = { //È«²¿¾ØÕó°´¼üµÄµ±Ç°×´Ì¬
{1, 1, 1, 1}, {1, 1, 1, 1}, {1, 1, 1, 1}, {1, 1, 1, 1}
};
unsigned long pdata KeyDownTime[4][4] = { //ÿ¸ö°´¼ü°´ÏµijÖÐøʱ¼ä£¬µ¥Î»ms
{0, 0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0, 0}
};
bit enBuzz = 0;
bit flag1s = 0;
bit flagStart = 0;
unsigned char T0RH = 0;
unsigned char T0RL = 0;
unsigned int CountDown = 0;
void ConfigTimer0(unsigned int ms);
void ShowNumber(unsigned long num);
void KeyDriver();
void main()
{
EA = 1;
ADDR3 = 1;
ENLED = 0;
TMOD = 0x01;
ConfigTimer0(1);
ShowNumber(0);
while(1)
{
KeyDriver();
if(flagStart && flag1s)
{
flag1s = 0;
if(CountDown > 0)
{
CountDown--;
ShowNumber(CountDown);
if(CountDown == 0)
{
enBuzz = 1;
LedBuff[6] = 0x00;
}
}
}
}
}
void ConfigTimer0(unsigned int ms)
{
unsigned long tmp;
tmp = 11059200 /12;
tmp = (tmp*ms) / 1000;
tmp = 65536 - tmp;
tmp = tmp + 12;
T0RH = (unsigned char)(tmp>>8);
T0RL = (unsigned char)tmp;
TMOD &= 0xF0; //ÇåÁãT0µÄ¿ØÖÆλ
TMOD |= 0x01; //ÅäÖÃT0Ϊģʽ1
TH0 = T0RH; //¼ÓÔØT0ÖØÔØÖµ
TL0 = T0RL;
ET0 = 1; //ʹÄÜT0ÖжÏ
TR0 = 1; //Æô¶¯T0
}
void ShowNumber(unsigned long num)
{
unsigned char i;
unsigned char buf[6];
unsigned char sec = 0;
sec++;
for(i = 0;i<=5;i++)
{
buf[i] = sec & 10;
num = num / 10;
}
for(i = 0;i<=5;i++)
{
if(buf[i] == 0xff)
{
LedBuff[i] = 0xff;
}
else
break;
}
for( ; i>= 0;i--)
{
LedBuff[i] = LedChar[buf[i]];
}
}
void KeyAction(unsigned char keycode)
{
if(keycode == 0x26)
{
if (CountDown < 9999) //×î´ó¼Æʱ9999Ãë
{
CountDown++;
ShowNumber(CountDown);
}
}
else if(keycode == 0x28)
{
if(CountDown >1)
{
CountDown--;
ShowNumber(CountDown);
}
}
else if(keycode == 0x0d)
{
if(CountDown >1)
{
flagStart = 1;
}
}
else if(keycode == 0x1B)
{
if(CountDown >1)
{
flagStart = 0;
enBuzz = 0;
LedBuff[8] = 0;
CountDown = 0;
ShowNumber(CountDown);
}
}
}
void KeyDriver()
{
unsigned char i, j;
static unsigned char pdata backup[4][4] = { //°´¼üÖµ±¸·Ý£¬±£´æÇ°Ò»´ÎµÄÖµ
{1, 1, 1, 1}, {1, 1, 1, 1}, {1, 1, 1, 1}, {1, 1, 1, 1}
};
static unsigned long pdata TimeThr[4][4] = { //¿ìËÙÊäÈëÖ´ÐеÄʱ¼äãÐÖµ
{1000, 1000, 1000, 1000}, {1000, 1000, 1000, 1000},
{1000, 1000, 1000, 1000}, {1000, 1000, 1000, 1000}
};
for(i = 0;i<4;i++)
{
for(j = 0;j<4;j++)
{
if(backup[i][j] != KeySta[i][j])
{
if(backup[i][j] != 0)
{
KeyAction(KeyCodeMap[i][j]);
}
backup[i][j] = KeySta[i][j];
}
if(KeyDownTime[i][j] > 0)
{
if(KeyDownTime[i][j] >= KeySta[i][j])
{
KeyAction(KeyCodeMap[i][j]);
TimeThr[i][j] += 200;
}
else
{
TimeThr[i][j] = 1000;
}
}
}
}
}
void KeyScan()
{
unsigned char i;
static unsigned char keyout = 0;
static unsigned char keybuf[4][4] = {
{0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF}, {0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF},
{0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF}, {0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF}
};
keybuf[keyout][0] = (keybuf[keyout][0]<<1) | KEY_IN_1;
keybuf[keyout][1] = (keybuf[keyout][1]<<1) | KEY_IN_2;
keybuf[keyout][2] = (keybuf[keyout][2]<<1) | KEY_IN_3;
keybuf[keyout][3] = (keybuf[keyout][3]<<1) | KEY_IN_4;
for(i = 0;i<4;i++)
{
if((keybuf[keyout][i] & 0x0f) == 0x00)
{
KeySta[keyout][i] = 0;
KeyDownTime[keyout][i] += 4;
}
else if((keybuf[keyout][i] & 0x0f) == 0x0f)
{
KeySta[keyout][i] = 1;
KeyDownTime[keyout][i] = 0;
}
}
keyout++;
keyout &= 0x03;
switch (keyout)
{
case 0: KEY_OUT_4 = 1; KEY_OUT_1 = 0; break;
case 1: KEY_OUT_1 = 1; KEY_OUT_2 = 0; break;
case 2: KEY_OUT_2 = 1; KEY_OUT_3 = 0; break;
case 3: KEY_OUT_3 = 1; KEY_OUT_4 = 0; break;
default: break;
}
}
void LedScan()
{
static unsigned char i = 0;
P0 = 0xff;
P1 = (P1 & 0xf8)| i;
P0 = LedBuff[i];
if(i<6)
i++;
else
i = 0;
}
void InterruptTimer0() interrupt 1
{
static unsigned int tmr1s = 0;
TH0 = T0RH;
TL0 = T0RL;
if (enBuzz)
BUZZ = ~BUZZ;
else
BUZZ = 1;
LedScan();
KeyScan();
if(flagStart)
{
tmr1s++;
if(tmr1s == 1000)
{
tmr1s = 0;
flag1s = 1;
}
}
else
{
tmr1s = 0;
}
}
