1.第一步：下载 Microsoft Access Database Engine
Microsoft Access Database Engine 2010 Redistributable Download

2.第二步: 安装下载的引擎软件
3.第三步：重新连接；

代码如下:

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) {
 string dbFile = @"C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\瀚光工作\实习工作\数据库原理\数据库应用系统\Student.accdb";
 string constr = "Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0;Data Source=" + dbFile; 
 OleDbConnection con = new OleDbConnection(constr);
 try
 {
     con.Open();
     MessageBox.Show("连接成功! ", "提示", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information);
}
   catch (Exception ex)
   {
    con.Close();
    MessageBox.Show("连接失败! ", "提示", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
    Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
  }
}

参考链接:https://blog.csdn.net/cao919/article/details/123639612