实现文件上下文管理(__enter__和__exit__)

news2024/11/15 4:44:09

一、上下文管理协议

二、模拟open

三、优点

python从小白到总裁完整教程目录:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_67859959/article/details/129328397?spm=1001.2014.3001.5502

我们知道在操作文件对象的时候可以这么写

with open('a.txt') as f:
    '代码块'

上述叫做上下文管理协议，即with语句，为了让一个对象兼容with语句，必须在这个对象的类中声明__enter__和__exit__方法

一、上下文管理协议

class Open:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def __enter__(self):
        print('出现with语句，对象的__enter__被触发，有返回值则赋值给as声明的变量')
        # return self
    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
        print('with中代码块执行完毕时执行我啊')


with Open('a.txt') as f:
    print('=====>执行代码块')
    # print(f,f.name)

出现with语句,对象的__enter__被触发,有返回值则赋值给as声明的变量
=====>执行代码块
with中代码块执行完毕时执行我啊

__exit__()中的三个参数分别代表异常类型，异常值和追溯信息,with语句中代码块出现异常，则with后的代码都无法执行

class Open:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def __enter__(self):
        print('出现with语句，对象的__enter__被触发，有返回值则赋值给as声明的变量')

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
        print('with中代码块执行完毕时执行我啊')
        print(exc_type)
        print(exc_val)
        print(exc_tb)


try:
    with Open('a.txt') as f:
        print('=====>执行代码块')
        raise AttributeError('***着火啦，救火啊***')
except Exception as e:
    print(e)
PYTHON 复制 全屏

出现with语句，对象的__enter__被触发，有返回值则赋值给as声明的变量
=====>执行代码块
with中代码块执行完毕时执行我啊
<class 'AttributeError'>
***着火啦，救火啊***
<traceback object at 0x1065f1f88>
***着火啦，救火啊***

如果__exit()返回值为True,那么异常会被清空，就好像啥都没发生一样，with后的语句正常执行

class Open:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def __enter__(self):
        print('出现with语句，对象的__enter__被触发，有返回值则赋值给as声明的变量')

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
        print('with中代码块执行完毕时执行我啊')
        print(exc_type)
        print(exc_val)
        print(exc_tb)
        return True


with Open('a.txt') as f:
    print('=====>执行代码块')
    raise AttributeError('***着火啦，救火啊***')
print('0' * 100)  #------------------------------->会执行

出现with语句，对象的__enter__被触发，有返回值则赋值给as声明的变量
=====>执行代码块
with中代码块执行完毕时执行我啊
<class 'AttributeError'>
***着火啦，救火啊***
<traceback object at 0x1062ab048>
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

二、模拟open

class Open:
    def __init__(self, filepath, mode='r', encoding='utf-8'):
        self.filepath = filepath
        self.mode = mode
        self.encoding = encoding

    def __enter__(self):
        # print('enter')
        self.f = open(self.filepath, mode=self.mode, encoding=self.encoding)
        return self.f

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
        # print('exit')
        self.f.close()
        return True

    def __getattr__(self, item):
        return getattr(self.f, item)


with Open('a.txt', 'w') as f:
    print(f)
    f.write('aaaaaa')
    f.wasdf  #抛出异常，交给__exit__处理