GraphQL vs RESTful

简单来说GraphQL 比起 RESTful 集成额外一些功能

1. 出入参校验、序列化 (简化后端编程)
2. 自由可选的返回数据字段 (简化一些多余接口开发和沟通联调成本)

这些都是优点了。

开发效率在项目初期是很重要的，需要快速原型化。
但是后期稳定后，性能也很重要。

对比

RESTful + Pydantic

from sanic import Sanic, text
from pydantic import BaseModel
from typing import List

app = Sanic("simple")


class Simple(BaseModel):
    name: str
    age: int
    hobbies: List[str]


@app.post("/rest")
async def rest_test(request):
    Simple.model_validate(request.json)
    return text("ok")

k6测试代码

import { check } from 'k6';
import http from 'k6/http';

export default function () {

    let data = { "name": "Stephen Ling", "age": 28, "hobbies": ["coding", "coffee"] }

    const res = http.post('http://localhost:9090/rest', JSON.stringify(data), {
        headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
    });
    check(res, {
        'is status 200': (r) => r.status === 200,
    });
}

GraphQL(strawberry)

k6测试代码

import { check } from 'k6';
import http from 'k6/http';

export default function () {

    let data = {
        "query": "mutation {\n  resolveGraphql(name: \"Stephen Ling\", age: 28, hobbies: [\"coding\", \"coffee\"])\n}"
    }

    const res = http.post('http://localhost:9090/graphql', JSON.stringify(data), {
        headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
    });
    check(res, {
        'is status 200': (r) => r.status === 200,
    });
}

默认情况

import strawberry
from strawberry.sanic.views import GraphQLView
from sanic import Sanic, text

from pydantic import BaseModel
from typing import List

app = Sanic("simple")


@strawberry.type
class Mutation:
    @strawberry.mutation
    async def resolve_graphql(self, name: str, age: int, hobbies: List[str]) -> str:
        return "ok"


@strawberry.type
class Query:
    @strawberry.field
    async def nothing(self) -> None:
        ...


app.add_route(
    GraphQLView.as_view(
        schema=strawberry.Schema(
            query=Query,
            mutation=Mutation,
        ),
    ),
    "/graphql",
)

加上缓存

...
from strawberry.extensions import ParserCache, ValidationCache

...
app.add_route(
    GraphQLView.as_view(
        schema=strawberry.Schema(
            query=Query,
            mutation=Mutation,
            extensions=[ParserCache(), ValidationCache()],
        ),
    ),
    "/graphql",
)

体会

1. graphql 适合减轻前后端联调的沟通成本。谁错谁对一目了然。
2. 选择实现库之前，衡量一下性能代价是否能接受。
3. 实现库之间尽可能横向对比一下。
4. 在可以忍受的性能差距下，我会选择开发效率，毕竟每个代码的生命周期是有限的，没有必要死磕。