使用 HTML、CSS 和 JavaScript 创建多步骤表单

为了处理又长又复杂的表单，我们需要将它们分成多个步骤。通过一次只在屏幕上显示一些输入，表单会感觉更容易理解，并防止用户感到被大量的表单字段淹没。

在本文中，我将逐步指导如何实现多步骤表单。当我们继续填写表单步骤时，步进器将显示在表单上方，代表进度条。每个表单步骤将包含名为 prev和next的按钮。这些按钮将使我们能够在步骤之间导航。

只需 3 个简单步骤即可构建多步骤表单：

• 使用 HTML 创建表单和步骤元素的布局。
• 使用 JavaScript 使多步骤表单发挥作用。
• 使用 CSS 设计表单和步骤元素。

使用 HTML 创建表单和步骤元素的布局

在实现表单步骤的导航器之前，让我们先设置一个基本的 HTML 表单。它将包括一个表单步进器，它将充当进度条。它将包含多个代表步骤编号的项目。这些项目将显示为圆圈，其中包含步骤编号。未完成的步骤的圆圈背景颜色将为灰色。活动步骤的圆圈背景颜色为紫色。并且，已完成的步骤的圆圈背景颜色将为绿色。在表单步进器之后，我们需要创建一个具有多个部分的表单。这些部分将适用于所有步骤，并将包含每个表单步骤的表单字段。每个步骤将包含一个上一个和下一个按钮，这将有助于在步骤之间导航。但是，最后一步将显示“保存”按钮，

将以下代码片段添加到要实现多步骤表单的部分:

<div>
    <div id="multi-step-form-container">
        <!-- Form Steps / Progress Bar -->
        <ul class="form-stepper form-stepper-horizontal text-center mx-auto pl-0">
            <!-- Step 1 -->
            <li class="form-stepper-active text-center form-stepper-list" step="1">
                <a class="mx-2">
                    <span class="form-stepper-circle">
                        <span>1</span>
                    </span>
                    <div class="label">Account Basic Details</div>
                </a>
            </li>
            <!-- Step 2 -->
            <li class="form-stepper-unfinished text-center form-stepper-list" step="2">
                <a class="mx-2">
                    <span class="form-stepper-circle text-muted">
                        <span>2</span>
                    </span>
                    <div class="label text-muted">Social Profiles</div>
                </a>
            </li>
            <!-- Step 3 -->
            <li class="form-stepper-unfinished text-center form-stepper-list" step="3">
                <a class="mx-2">
                    <span class="form-stepper-circle text-muted">
                        <span>3</span>
                    </span>
                    <div class="label text-muted">Personal Details</div>
                </a>
            </li>
        </ul>
        <!-- Step Wise Form Content -->
        <form id="userAccountSetupForm" name="userAccountSetupForm" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="POST">
            <!-- Step 1 Content -->
            <section id="step-1" class="form-step">
                <h2 class="font-normal">Account Basic Details</h2>
                <!-- Step 1 input fields -->
                <div class="mt-3">
                    Step 1 input fields goes here..
                </div>
                <div class="mt-3">
                    <button class="button btn-navigate-form-step" type="button" step_number="2">Next</button>
                </div>
            </section>
            <!-- Step 2 Content, default hidden on page load. -->
            <section id="step-2" class="form-step d-none">
                <h2 class="font-normal">Social Profiles</h2>
                <!-- Step 2 input fields -->
                <div class="mt-3">
                    Step 2 input fields goes here..
                </div>
                <div class="mt-3">
                    <button class="button btn-navigate-form-step" type="button" step_number="1">Prev</button>
                    <button class="button btn-navigate-form-step" type="button" step_number="3">Next</button>
                </div>
            </section>
            <!-- Step 3 Content, default hidden on page load. -->
            <section id="step-3" class="form-step d-none">
                <h2 class="font-normal">Personal Details</h2>
                <!-- Step 3 input fields -->
                <div class="mt-3">
                    Step 3 input fields goes here..
                </div>
                <div class="mt-3">
                    <button class="button btn-navigate-form-step" type="button" step_number="2">Prev</button>
                    <button class="button submit-btn" type="submit">Save</button>
                </div>
            </section>
        </form>
    </div>
</div>

使用 JavaScript 使多步骤表单发挥作用

现在，我们需要实现在表单步骤之间导航的逻辑。创建一个名为 navigateToFormStep 的箭头函数，它将接受一个名为 stepNumber 的参数。该函数将接收您想要访问的步骤的值。它将把前面的步骤标记为已完成，当前步骤标记为活动，其余步骤标记为未完成。它适用于上一个和下一个按钮，因为我们只需要传递可见并标记为活动的步骤号。接下来，我们需要选择所有上一个和下一个按钮，并为每个按钮添加一个单击事件侦听器。单击任何这些按钮时，将触发一个匿名函数，该函数将获取目标步骤的值，并调用navigateToFormStep函数来执行导航过程。

const navigateToFormStep = (stepNumber) => {
    document.querySelectorAll(".form-step").forEach((formStepElement) => {
        formStepElement.classList.add("d-none");
    });

    document.querySelectorAll(".form-stepper-list").forEach((formStepHeader) => {
        formStepHeader.classList.add("form-stepper-unfinished");
        formStepHeader.classList.remove("form-stepper-active", "form-stepper-completed");
    });

    document.querySelector("#step-" + stepNumber).classList.remove("d-none");
    const formStepCircle = document.querySelector('li[step="' + stepNumber + '"]');
e.classList.remove("form-stepper-unfinished", "form-stepper-completed");
    formStepCircle.classList.add("form-stepper-active");
    for (let index = 0; index < stepNumber; index++) {
        const formStepCircle = document.querySelector('li[step="' + index + '"]');
        if (formStepCircle) {
            formStepCircle.classList.remove("form-stepper-unfinished", "form-stepper-active");
            formStepCircle.classList.add("form-stepper-completed");
        }
    }
};
document.querySelectorAll(".btn-navigate-form-step").forEach((formNavigationBtn) => {
    formNavigationBtn.addEventListener("click", () => {
        const stepNumber = parseInt(formNavigationBtn.getAttribute("step_number"));
        navigateToFormStep(stepNumber);
    });
});

使用 CSS 设计表单和步骤元素

由于我们已经完成了多步骤表单的实现，因此我们需要添加一些 CSS 片段来设计 HTML 内容的布局。

h1 {
    text-align: center;
}
h2 {
    margin: 0;
}
#multi-step-form-container {
    margin-top: 5rem;
}
.text-center {
    text-align: center;
}
.mx-auto {
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
}
.pl-0 {
    padding-left: 0;
}
.button {
    padding: 0.7rem 1.5rem;
    border: 1px solid #4361ee;
    background-color: #4361ee;
    color: #fff;
    border-radius: 5px;
    cursor: pointer;
}
.submit-btn {
    border: 1px solid #0e9594;
    background-color: #0e9594;
}
.mt-3 {
    margin-top: 2rem;
}
.d-none {
    display: none;
}
.form-step {
    border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    border-radius: 20px;
    padding: 3rem;
}
.font-normal {
    font-weight: normal;
}
ul.form-stepper {
    counter-reset: section;
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
}
ul.form-stepper .form-stepper-circle {
    position: relative;
}
ul.form-stepper .form-stepper-circle span {
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%) translateX(-50%);
}
.form-stepper-horizontal {
    position: relative;
    display: -webkit-box;
    display: -ms-flexbox;
    display: flex;
    -webkit-box-pack: justify;
    -ms-flex-pack: justify;
    justify-content: space-between;
}
ul.form-stepper > li:not(:last-of-type) {
    margin-bottom: 0.625rem;
    -webkit-transition: margin-bottom 0.4s;
    -o-transition: margin-bottom 0.4s;
    transition: margin-bottom 0.4s;
}
.form-stepper-horizontal > li:not(:last-of-type) {
    margin-bottom: 0 !important;
}
.form-stepper-horizontal li {
    position: relative;
    display: -webkit-box;
    display: -ms-flexbox;
    display: flex;
    -webkit-box-flex: 1;
    -ms-flex: 1;
    flex: 1;
    -webkit-box-align: start;
    -ms-flex-align: start;
    align-items: start;
    -webkit-transition: 0.5s;
    transition: 0.5s;
}
.form-stepper-horizontal li:not(:last-child):after {
    position: relative;
    -webkit-box-flex: 1;
    -ms-flex: 1;
    flex: 1;
    height: 1px;
    content: "";
    top: 32%;
}
.form-stepper-horizontal li:after {
    background-color: #dee2e6;
}
.form-stepper-horizontal li.form-stepper-completed:after {
    background-color: #4da3ff;
}
.form-stepper-horizontal li:last-child {
    flex: unset;
}
ul.form-stepper li a .form-stepper-circle {
    display: inline-block;
    width: 40px;
    height: 40px;
    margin-right: 0;
    line-height: 1.7rem;
    text-align: center;
    background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.38);
    border-radius: 50%;
}
.form-stepper .form-stepper-active .form-stepper-circle {
    background-color: #4361ee !important;
    color: #fff;
}
.form-stepper .form-stepper-active .label {
    color: #4361ee !important;
}
.form-stepper .form-stepper-active .form-stepper-circle:hover {
    background-color: #4361ee !important;
    color: #fff !important;
}
.form-stepper .form-stepper-unfinished .form-stepper-circle {
    background-color: #f8f7ff;
}
.form-stepper .form-stepper-completed .form-stepper-circle {
    background-color: #0e9594 !important;
    color: #fff;
}
.form-stepper .form-stepper-completed .label {
    color: #0e9594 !important;
}
.form-stepper .form-stepper-completed .form-stepper-circle:hover {
    background-color: #0e9594 !important;
    color: #fff !important;
}
.form-stepper .form-stepper-active span.text-muted {
    color: #fff !important;
}
.form-stepper .form-stepper-completed span.text-muted {
    color: #fff !important;
}
.form-stepper .label {
    font-size: 1rem;
    margin-top: 0.5rem;
}
.form-stepper a {
    cursor: default;
}

样式展示