首先我们需要下载python，我下载的是官方最新的版本 3.8.3
其次我们需要一个运行Python的环境，我用的是pychram，需要库的话我们可以直接在setting里面安装
代码：
# -*- codeing = utf-8 -*-
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup # 网页解析，获取数据
import re # 正则表达式，进行文字匹配`
import urllib.request, urllib.error # 制定URL，获取网页数据
import xlwt # 进行excel操作
#import sqlite3 # 进行SQLite数据库操作
findLink = re.compile(r'<a href="(.*?)">') # 创建正则表达式对象，标售规则 影片详情链接的规则
findImgSrc = re.compile(r'<img.*src="(.*?)"', re.S)
findTitle = re.compile(r'<span class="title">(.*)</span>')
findRating = re.compile(r'<span class="rating_num" property="v:average">(.*)</span>')
findJudge = re.compile(r'<span>(\d*)人评价</span>')
findInq = re.compile(r'<span class="inq">(.*)</span>')
findBd = re.compile(r'<p class="">(.*?)</p>', re.S)
def main():
baseurl = "https://movie.douban.com/top250?start=" #要爬取的网页链接
# 1.爬取网页
datalist = getData(baseurl)
savepath = "豆瓣电影Top250.xls" #当前目录新建XLS，存储进去
# dbpath = "movie.db" #当前目录新建数据库，存储进去
# 3.保存数据
saveData(datalist,savepath) #2种存储方式可以只选择一种
# saveData2DB(datalist,dbpath)
# 爬取网页
def getData(baseurl):
datalist = [] #用来存储爬取的网页信息
for i in range(0, 10): # 调用获取页面信息的函数，10次
url = baseurl + str(i * 25)
html = askURL(url) # 保存获取到的网页源码
# 2.逐一解析数据
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")
for item in soup.find_all('div', class_="item"): # 查找符合要求的字符串
data = [] # 保存一部电影所有信息
item = str(item)
link = re.findall(findLink, item)[0] # 通过正则表达式查找
data.append(link)
imgSrc = re.findall(findImgSrc, item)[0]
data.append(imgSrc)
titles = re.findall(findTitle, item)
if (len(titles) == 2):
ctitle = titles[0]
data.append(ctitle)
otitle = titles[1].replace("/", "") #消除转义字符
data.append(otitle)
else:
data.append(titles[0])
data.append(' ')
rating = re.findall(findRating, item)[0]
data.append(rating)
judgeNum = re.findall(findJudge, item)[0]
data.append(judgeNum)
inq = re.findall(findInq, item)
if len(inq) != 0:
inq = inq[0].replace("。", "")
data.append(inq)
else:
data.append(" ")
bd = re.findall(findBd, item)[0]
bd = re.sub('<br(\s+)?/>(\s+)?', "", bd)
bd = re.sub('/', "", bd)
data.append(bd.strip())
datalist.append(data)
return datalist
# 得到指定一个URL的网页内容
def askURL(url):
head = { # 模拟浏览器头部信息，向豆瓣服务器发送消息
"User-Agent": "Mozilla / 5.0(Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit / 537.36(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome / 80.0.3987.122 Safari / 537.36"
}
# 用户代理，表示告诉豆瓣服务器，我们是什么类型的机器、浏览器（本质上是告诉浏览器，我们可以接收什么水平的文件内容）
request = urllib.request.Request(url, headers=head)
html = ""
try:
response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
html = response.read().decode("utf-8")
except urllib.error.URLError as e:
if hasattr(e, "code"):
print(e.code)
if hasattr(e, "reason"):
print(e.reason)
return html
# 保存数据到表格
def saveData(datalist,savepath):
print("save.......")
book = xlwt.Workbook(encoding="utf-8",style_compression=0) #创建workbook对象
sheet = book.add_sheet('豆瓣电影Top250', cell_overwrite_ok=True) #创建工作表
col = ("电影详情链接","图片链接","影片中文名","影片外国名","评分","评价数","概况","相关信息")
for i in range(0,8):
sheet.write(0,i,col[i]) #列名
for i in range(0,250):
# print("第%d条" %(i+1)) #输出语句，用来测试
data = datalist[i]
for j in range(0,8):
sheet.write(i+1,j,data[j]) #数据
book.save(savepath) #保存
# def saveData2DB(datalist,dbpath):
# init_db(dbpath)
# conn = sqlite3.connect(dbpath)
# cur = conn.cursor()
# for data in datalist:
# for index in range(len(data)):
# if index == 4 or index == 5:
# continue
# data[index] = '"'+data[index]+'"'
# sql = '''
# insert into movie250(
# info_link,pic_link,cname,ename,score,rated,instroduction,info)
# values (%s)'''%",".join(data)
# # print(sql) #输出查询语句，用来测试
# cur.execute(sql)
# conn.commit()
# cur.close
# conn.close()
# def init_db(dbpath):
# sql = '''
# create table movie250(
# id integer primary key autoincrement,
# info_link text,
# pic_link text,
# cname varchar,
# ename varchar ,
# score numeric,
# rated numeric,
# instroduction text,
# info text
# )
#
#
# ''' #创建数据表
# conn = sqlite3.connect(dbpath)
# cursor = conn.cursor()
# cursor.execute(sql)
# conn.commit()
# conn.close()
# 保存数据到数据库
if __name__ == "__main__": # 当程序执行时
# 调用函数
main()
# init_db("movietest.db")
print("爬取完毕！")-- codeing = utf-8 --，开头的这个是设置编码为utf-8 ，写在开头，防止乱码。
