首先前端发起HTTP请求之后，后端返回一个Excel输出流，然后前端用Blob类型接收数据，并且解析响应头数据以及提取源文件名，最后用a标签完成下载。

一、后端代码

（1）导入阿里巴巴的EasyExcel依赖（pom.xml）

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
    <artifactId>easyexcel</artifactId>
    <version>3.3.1</version>
</dependency>

（2）控制层（GameController.java）

@CrossOrigin
@RequestMapping(value = "exportFile", method = RequestMethod.GET)
@ResponseBody
public void exportFile(@RequestParam("operator") String operator, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
    gameService.exportFile(operator, response);
}

（3）接口层（IGameService.java）

void exportFile(String operator, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException;

（4）实现层（GameServiceImpl.java）

/**
 * 王者Excel实体
 * 说明：this$0特指该内部类所在的外部类的引用,不需要手动定义,编译时自动加上
 */
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
static class KingExcelEntity {
    @ExcelProperty(value = "英雄", index = 0)
    private String hero;

    @ExcelProperty(value = "等级", index = 1)
    private String level;

    @ExcelProperty(value = "金币", index = 2)
    private String gold;

    @ExcelProperty(value = "击杀", index = 3)
    private String kill;

    @ExcelProperty(value = "被击杀", index = 4)
    private String beKilled;

    @ExcelProperty(value = "助攻", index = 5)
    private String assists;

    @ExcelProperty(value = "评分", index = 6)
    private String score;

    @ExcelProperty(value = "是否MVP", index = 7)
    private String mvp;
}

@Override
public void exportFile(String operator, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
    List<KingExcelEntity> KingsList = new ArrayList<>();
    KingsList.add(new KingExcelEntity("云缨", "15", "20013", "21", "5", "16", "12.9", "True"));
    KingsList.add(new KingExcelEntity("王昭君", "15", "17336", "2", "6", "20", "7.5", "False"));
    KingsList.add(new KingExcelEntity("狄仁杰", "15", "16477", "9", "8", "22", "8.4", "False"));
    KingsList.add(new KingExcelEntity("兰陵王", "15", "16154", "21", "5", "16", "8.6", "False"));
    KingsList.add(new KingExcelEntity("赵怀真", "15", "17414", "6", "6", "21", "10.2", "False"));
    try {
        String fileName = URLEncoder.encode(operator + "-" + "王者荣耀战绩" + ".xlsx", "utf-8");
        response.setContentType("application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet");
        response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        response.setHeader("Content-disposition", "attachment;filename=" + fileName);
        EasyExcel.write(response.getOutputStream(), KingExcelEntity.class)
                .sheet("第一页")
                .doWrite(KingsList);
    } catch (Exception e) {
        response.reset();
        response.setContentType("application/json");
        response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        HashMap<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("status", false);
        map.put("msg", e.getMessage());
        response.getWriter().println(JSONObject.toJSONString(map));
    }
}

二、前端代码

（1）视图页面（/src/view/Example/DownloadBlobFile/index.vue）

<template>
  <div style="padding: 100px">
    <el-button size="small" type="primary" plain @click="handleDownloadBlobFile()">
      <el-icon :size="18">
        <Download />
      </el-icon>
      <span>下载文件</span>
    </el-button>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  data() {
    return {
      // ...
    }
  },
  methods: {
    /**
     * 下载Blob文件句柄方法
     */
    handleDownloadBlobFile(evt) {
      const operator = '帅龍之龍' // 操作人员

      this.$axios.get(
        `/api/exportFile`,
        {
          params: {
            'operator': operator
          },
          headers: {
            'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': '*',
            'Auth-Token': '5201314'
          },
          responseType: 'blob'
        }
      )
      .then((res) => {
        try {
          console.log('响应信息 =>', res)

          if (res.data.size > 0) {
            // 响应头信息
            const headers = res.headers

            // attachment;filename=%E5%B8%85%E9%BE%8D%E4%B9%8B%E9%BE%8D-%E7%8E%8B%E8%80%85%E8%8D%A3%E8%80%80%E6%88%98%E7%BB%A9.xlsx
            const contentDisposition = headers['content-disposition']
            console.log('contentDisposition =>', contentDisposition)

            // application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet;charset=utf-8
            const contentType = headers['content-type']
            console.log('contentType =>', contentType)
            
            let fileName = contentDisposition.split(`=`)[1]
            console.log('解析前文件名 =>', fileName) // 解析前文件名：%E5%B8%85%E9%BE%8D%E4%B9%8B%E9%BE%8D-%E7%8E%8B%E8%80%85%E8%8D%A3%E8%80%80%E6%88%98%E7%BB%A9.xlsx

            fileName = decodeURIComponent(fileName)
            console.log('解析后文件名 =>', fileName) // 解析后文件名：帅龍之龍-王者荣耀战绩.xlsx

            this.exportFileToExcel(contentType, res.data, fileName)
          } else {
            this.$message({ message: '文件数据为空', type: 'error', duration: 1000 })
          }
        } catch (e) {
          console.error(e)
          this.$message({ message: e, type: 'error', duration: 1000 })
        }
      })
      .catch((e) => { 
        console.error(e)
        this.$message({ message: e, type: 'error', duration: 1000 })
      })
    },

    /**
     * 导出Excel文件
     */
    exportFileToExcel(contentType, data, fileName) {
      const url = window.URL.createObjectURL(
        new Blob(
          [data],
          {
            type: contentType
          }
        )
      )
      const link = document.createElement('a')
      link.style.display = 'none'
      link.href = url
      link.setAttribute('download', `${fileName}` || 'template.xlsx')
      document.body.appendChild(link)
      link.click()
      document.body.removeChild(link)
    },
  },
};
</script>

三、效果如下 ~