Docker简介

Docker是基于Go语言实现的云开源项目。
Docker的主要目标是“Build，Ship and Run Any App,Anywhere”，也就是通过对应用组件的封装、分发、部署、运行等生命周期的管理，使用户的APP（可以是一个WEB应用或数据库应用等等）及其运行环境能够做到“一次镜像，处处运行”。

解决了运行环境和配置问题的软件容器， 方便做持续集成并有助于整体发布的容器虚拟化技术。

1. Docker安装

1.1. 前提条件

目前，CentOS 仅发行版本中的内核支持 Docker。Docker 运行在CentOS 7 (64-bit)上，
要求系统为64位、Linux系统内核版本为 3.8以上，这里选用Centos7.x

查看自己的内核
uname命令用于打印当前系统相关信息（内核版本号、硬件架构、主机名称和操作系统类型等）

1.2. Docker的基本组成

1. 镜像(image): Docker 镜像（Image）就是一个只读的模板。镜像可以用来创建 Docker 容器，一个镜像可以创建很多容器。
2. 容器(container): Docker 利用容器（Container）独立运行的一个或一组应用，应用程序或服务运行在容器里面，容器就类似于一个虚拟化的运行环境，容器是用镜像创建的运行实例。就像是Java中的类和实例对象一样，镜像是静态的定义，容器是镜像运行时的实体。
3. 仓库(repository): 是集中存放镜像文件的场所。
   类似于Maven仓库，存放各种jar包的地方；
   github仓库，存放各种git项目的地方；
   Docker公司提供的官方registry被称为Docker Hub，存放各种镜像模板的地方。

1.3. 安装步骤

1. 确定是CentOS7以上版本

cat /etc/redhat-release

2. yum安装gcc相关

yum -y install gcc
yum -y install gcc-c++

3. 安装需要的软件包

yum install -y yum-utils

4. 设置stable镜像仓库

使用aliyun镜像加速，不建议使用官网推荐的。因为众所周知连接国外的网会比较慢

yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

5. 更新yum软件包索引

yum makecache fast

6. 安装DOCKER CE

这一步是真正安装docker，上面是安装所需要的条件

yum -y install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

7. 启动docker

systemctl start docker

8. 测试

docker version

9. 卸载

systemctl stop docker
yum remove docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
rm -rf /var/lib/docker
rm -rf /var/lib/containerd

1.4 阿里云镜像加速

https://promotion.aliyun.com/ntms/act/kubernetes.html

登录自己的阿里云账号，点击容器镜像服务

授权个人版实例，然后进入镜像加速器

CentOS 将以下命令在Linux中运行

mkdir -p /etc/docker
tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://93gohnsz.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker

2. Docker常用命令

2.1. Docker服务相关的命令

1. 启动docker服务

systemctl start docker

2. 停止docker服务

systemctl stop docker

3. 重启docker服务

systemctl restart docker

4. 查看docker服务状态

systemctl status docker

5. 开机启动dockeh服务

systemctl enable docker

2.2. Docker镜像相关的命令

1. 查看镜像-本地仓库

docker images
docker images -a  --查询所有镜像

2. 搜索镜像-远程仓库

docker search 镜像名称

docker search redis

3. 拉取镜像

冒号后跟的是版本号，如果不跟默认latest（最新版）

docker pull 镜像名称:版本号

docker pull redis:6.0

4. 删除镜像-本地镜像

docker rmi 镜像名称:版本号 [镜像id]

docker rmi redis:6.0

2.3. Docker容器相关的命令

1. 创建容器命令

docker run -it --name=c_centos centos:7 /bin/bash

-i：交互，保持容器一直运行
-t：提供一个交互页面，如果使用exit则退出容器，容器就会被关闭
- -name：容器的名称
上面使用-t就会进入容器内部，使用exit则退出容器并关闭容器

docker run -id --name=c_centos2 centos:7 /bin/bash

-d：后台运行。配合i。

2. 查看当前的容器有哪些

docker ps

3. 进入开启的容器内部

docker exec -it 容器名称 /bin/bash

注意：使用exit则不会关闭容器，只会退出容器

4. 启动容器

docker start [容器名称|容器id]

5. 关闭容器

docker stop [容器名称|容器id]

6. 删除容器

docker rm [容器名称|容器id]

注意：只能删除关闭的容器

7. 查看容器的信息

docker inspect [容器名称|容器id]

3. 容器的数据卷

思考:
dockers容器删除后，容器中的产生的数据还在吗？ 不存在
Docker容器和外部机器可以直接交换文件吗? 不可以
容器之间想要进行数据交互？ 通过数据卷

数据卷是宿主机中的一个目录或文件，当容器目录和数据卷目录绑定后对方的修改会立即同步。
一个数据卷可以被多个容器同时挂载一个容器也可以被挂载多个数据卷

---

作用:

1.解决数据持久化问题
2.解决外部机器和容器的间接通讯问题
3.解决容器之间的数据交换

1. 宿主机容器卷中的内容发生改变对应容器内的目录也跟着改变
2. 容器内的目录发生改变宿主机容器卷内的内容也跟着变化
3. 删除容器后，再次开启容器并挂载容器卷。数据依然存在
4. 一个容器挂载多个容器卷
5. 多个容器挂载一个容器卷

docker run -id --name=容器名 -v /宿主机目录:/容器中的目录 镜像名:版本号 /bin/bash

-v ：挂载数据卷 路径必须为绝对路径

4. Docker应用部署

4.1. Docker部署mysql

1. 拉取mysq1镜像 docker pull mysql:5.7
2. 创建一个mysql目录。mkdir /root/mysql
3. 进入cd /root/mysql
4. 创建mysql容器

docker run -id \
-p 3307:3306 \
--name=c_mysql \
-v $PWD/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d \
-v $PWD/logs:/logs \
-v $PWD/data:/var/lib/mysql \
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 \
mysql:5.7

参数说明：
$PWD: 当前目录，第3步中已经进入到/root/mysql目录下
-p 3307:3306：将容器的 3306 端口映射到宿主机的 3307 端口。
-v $PWD/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d：将主机当前目录下的 conf/my.cnf 挂载到容器的 /etc/mysql/my.cnf。配置目录
-v $PWD/logs:/logs：将主机当前目录下的 logs 目录挂载到容器的 /logs。日志目录
-v $PWD/data:/var/lib/mysql ：将主机当前目录下的data目录挂载到容器的 /var/lib/mysql 。数据目录
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456： 初始化 root 用户的密码。

5. 关闭Linux防火墙，使用navicat连接数据库。
   

4.2. Docker部署tomcat

这边记录一下实践可用的方式。

1. 下载 Tomcat 9.0 镜像

docker pull tomcat:9.0

2. 创建并启动容器

docker run -p 8081:8080  --name tomcat9 -d tomcat:9.0

3. 复制配置文件的conf、log日志、webapps、work、temp文件夹。
   下面命令依次执行。将容器与主机建立数据卷

docker cp tomcat9:/usr/local/tomcat/conf/ /root/tomcat/conf/
docker cp tomcat9:/usr/local/tomcat/logs/  /root/tomcat/logs/
docker cp tomcat9:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/  /root/tomcat/webapps/
docker cp tomcat9:/usr/local/tomcat/work/ /root/tomcat/work/
docker cp tomcat9:/usr/local/tomcat/temp/ /root/tomcat/temp/

4. 停止容器

docker stop tomcat9

5. 删除容器

docker rm tomcat9

6. 再次创建启动容器并挂载目录

docker run -p 8081:8080  --name tomcat9  \
-v /root/tomcat/conf/:/usr/local/tomcat/conf \
-v /root/tomcat/logs/:/usr/local/tomcat/logs \
-v /root/tomcat/webapps/:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps \
-v /root/tomcat/work/:/usr/local/tomcat/work \
-v /root/tomcat/temp/:/usr/local/tomcat/temp \
-d tomcat:9.0

7. 关闭防火墙，访问Tomcat的8081端口
   

经实践，这个方法不能用。具体问题是创建完之后数据卷中没有内容，docker容器中对应的文件中也没有内容。

1. 拉取tomcat镜像 docker pull tomcat
2. 创建tomcat目录 mkdir /root/tomcat
3. 进入tomcat目录 cd /root/tomcat
4. 创建tomcat容器

docker run -id --name=c_tomcat \
-p 8080:8080 \
-v $PWD/webapps:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps \
-v $PWD/conf:/usr/local/tomcat/conf \ 
tomcat /bin/bash

4.3. Docker部署nginx

1. 拉取nginx镜像

docker pull nginx

2. 创建目录

在/root目录下创建nginx目录用于存储nginx数据信息

mkdir nginx

在nginx中创建conf，log，html 目录

mkdir -p /root/nginx/conf
mkdir -p /root/nginx/log
mkdir -p /root/nginx/html

3. 创建容器

创建容器的目的在于复制配置文件

docker run -p80:80 --name=nginx  nginx /bin/bash

5. 容器中的nginx.conf文件，conf.d文件夹，html文件夹复制到宿主机

docker cp nginx:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf /root/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
docker cp nginx:/etc/nginx/conf.d /root/nginx/conf/conf.d
docker cp nginx:/usr/share/nginx/html /root/nginx/

6. 删除容器

关闭该容器

docker stop nginx

删除该容器

docker rm nginx

7. 生成容器，并挂载数据卷

docker run \
-p 80:80 \
--name c_nginx \
-v /root/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \
-v /root/nginx/conf/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d \
-v /root/nginx/log:/var/log/nginx \
-v /root/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html \
-d nginx

8. 关闭防火墙后，访问nginx
   

4.4. Docker部署redis

1. 拉取镜像

docker pull redis:6.0

2. 创建要挂载的目录及配置文件

在/root目录下创建redis的目录

mkdir -p /root/redis/data

进入redis目录

cd /root/redis

创建redis.conf配置文件

vim redis.conf

将以下内容复制到redis.conf文件中

# redis 配置文件示例
# 当你需要为某个配置项指定内存大小的时候，必须要带上单位，
# 通常的格式就是 1k 5gb 4m 等酱紫：
#
# 1k  => 1000 bytes
# 1kb => 1024 bytes
# 1m  => 1000000 bytes
# 1mb => 1024*1024 bytes
# 1g  => 1000000000 bytes
# 1gb => 1024*1024*1024 bytes
#
# 单位是不区分大小写的，你写 1K 5GB 4M 也行
 
################################## INCLUDES ###################################
 
# 假如说你有一个可用于所有的 redis server 的标准配置模板，
# 但针对某些 server 又需要一些个性化的设置，
# 你可以使用 include 来包含一些其他的配置文件，这对你来说是非常有用的。
#
# 但是要注意哦，include 是不能被 config rewrite 命令改写的
# 由于 redis 总是以最后的加工线作为一个配置指令值，所以你最好是把 include 放在这个文件的最前面，
# 以避免在运行时覆盖配置的改变，相反，你就把它放在后面（外国人真啰嗦）。
#
# include /path/to/local.conf
# include /path/to/other.conf
 
################################ 常用 #####################################
 
# 默认情况下 redis 不是作为守护进程运行的，如果你想让它在后台运行，你就把它改成 yes。
# 当redis作为守护进程运行的时候，它会写一个 pid 到 /var/run/redis.pid 文件里面。
daemonize no
 
# 当redis作为守护进程运行的时候，它会把 pid 默认写到 /var/run/redis.pid 文件里面，
# 但是你可以在这里自己制定它的文件位置。
pidfile /usr/local/nodn/docker/redis/run/redis.pid
 
# 监听端口号，默认为 6379，如果你设为 0 ，redis 将不在 socket 上监听任何客户端连接。
port 6379
 
# TCP 监听的最大容纳数量
#
# 在高并发的环境下，你需要把这个值调高以避免客户端连接缓慢的问题。
# Linux 内核会一声不响的把这个值缩小成 /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn 对应的值，
# 所以你要修改这两个值才能达到你的预期。
tcp-backlog 511
 
# 默认情况下，redis 在 server 上所有有效的网络接口上监听客户端连接。
# 你如果只想让它在一个网络接口上监听，那你就绑定一个IP或者多个IP。
#
# 示例，多个IP用空格隔开:
#
# bind 192.168.1.100 10.0.0.1
# bind 127.0.0.1
 
# 指定 unix socket 的路径。
#
# unixsocket /tmp/redis.sock
# unixsocketperm 755
 
# 指定在一个 client 空闲多少秒之后关闭连接（0 就是不管它）
timeout 0
 
# tcp 心跳包。
#
# 如果设置为非零，则在与客户端缺乏通讯的时候使用 SO_KEEPALIVE 发送 tcp acks 给客户端。
# 这个之所有有用，主要由两个原因：
#
# 1) 防止死的 peers
# 2) Take the connection alive from the point of view of network
#    equipment in the middle.
#
# On Linux, the specified value (in seconds) is the period used to send ACKs.
# Note that to close the connection the double of the time is needed.
# On other kernels the period depends on the kernel configuration.
#
# A reasonable value for this option is 60 seconds.
# 推荐一个合理的值就是60秒
tcp-keepalive 0
 
# 定义日志级别。
# 可以是下面的这些值：
# debug (适用于开发或测试阶段)
# verbose (many rarely useful info, but not a mess like the debug level)
# notice (适用于生产环境)
# warning (仅仅一些重要的消息被记录)
loglevel notice
 
# 指定日志文件的位置
logfile ""
 
# 要想把日志记录到系统日志，就把它改成 yes，
# 也可以可选择性的更新其他的syslog 参数以达到你的要求
# syslog-enabled no
 
# 设置 syslog 的 identity。
# syslog-ident redis
 
# 设置 syslog 的 facility，必须是 USER 或者是 LOCAL0-LOCAL7 之间的值。
# syslog-facility local0
 
# 设置数据库的数目。
# 默认数据库是 DB 0，你可以在每个连接上使用 select <dbid> 命令选择一个不同的数据库，
# 但是 dbid 必须是一个介于 0 到 databasees - 1 之间的值
databases 16
 
################################ 快照 ################################
#
# 存 DB 到磁盘：
#
#   格式：save <间隔时间（秒）> <写入次数>
#
#   根据给定的时间间隔和写入次数将数据保存到磁盘
#
#   下面的例子的意思是：
#   900 秒内如果至少有 1 个 key 的值变化，则保存
#   300 秒内如果至少有 10 个 key 的值变化，则保存
#   60 秒内如果至少有 10000 个 key 的值变化，则保存
#　　
#   注意：你可以注释掉所有的 save 行来停用保存功能。
#   也可以直接一个空字符串来实现停用：
#   save ""

save 900 1
save 300 10
save 60 10000
 
# 默认情况下，如果 redis 最后一次的后台保存失败，redis 将停止接受写操作，
# 这样以一种强硬的方式让用户知道数据不能正确的持久化到磁盘，
# 否则就会没人注意到灾难的发生。
#
# 如果后台保存进程重新启动工作了，redis 也将自动的允许写操作。
#
# 然而你要是安装了靠谱的监控，你可能不希望 redis 这样做，那你就改成 no 好了。
stop-writes-on-bgsave-error yes
 
# 是否在 dump .rdb 数据库的时候使用 LZF 压缩字符串
# 默认都设为 yes
# 如果你希望保存子进程节省点 cpu ，你就设置它为 no ，
# 不过这个数据集可能就会比较大
rdbcompression yes
 
# 是否校验rdb文件
rdbchecksum yes
 
# 设置 dump 的文件位置
dbfilename dump.rdb
 
# 工作目录
# 例如上面的 dbfilename 只指定了文件名，
# 但是它会写入到这个目录下。这个配置项一定是个目录，而不能是文件名。
dir ./
 
################################# 主从复制 #################################
 
# 主从复制。使用 slaveof 来让一个 redis 实例成为另一个reids 实例的副本。
# 注意这个只需要在 slave 上配置。
#
# slaveof <masterip> <masterport>
 
# 如果 master 需要密码认证，就在这里设置
# masterauth <master-password>
 
# 当一个 slave 与 master 失去联系，或者复制正在进行的时候，
# slave 可能会有两种表现：
#
# 1) 如果为 yes ，slave 仍然会应答客户端请求，但返回的数据可能是过时，
#    或者数据可能是空的在第一次同步的时候
#
# 2) 如果为 no ，在你执行除了 info he salveof 之外的其他命令时，
#    slave 都将返回一个 "SYNC with master in progress" 的错误，
#
slave-serve-stale-data yes
 
# 你可以配置一个 slave 实体是否接受写入操作。
# 通过写入操作来存储一些短暂的数据对于一个 slave 实例来说可能是有用的，
# 因为相对从 master 重新同步数而言，据数据写入到 slave 会更容易被删除。
# 但是如果客户端因为一个错误的配置写入，也可能会导致一些问题。
#
# 从 redis 2.6 版起，默认 slaves 都是只读的。
#
# Note: read only slaves are not designed to be exposed to untrusted clients
# on the internet. It's just a protection layer against misuse of the instance.
# Still a read only slave exports by default all the administrative commands
# such as CONFIG, DEBUG, and so forth. To a limited extent you can improve
# security of read only slaves using 'rename-command' to shadow all the
# administrative / dangerous commands.
# 注意：只读的 slaves 没有被设计成在 internet 上暴露给不受信任的客户端。
# 它仅仅是一个针对误用实例的一个保护层。
slave-read-only yes
 
# Slaves 在一个预定义的时间间隔内发送 ping 命令到 server 。
# 你可以改变这个时间间隔。默认为 10 秒。
#
# repl-ping-slave-period 10
 
# The following option sets the replication timeout for:
# 设置主从复制过期时间
#
# 1) Bulk transfer I/O during SYNC, from the point of view of slave.
# 2) Master timeout from the point of view of slaves (data, pings).
# 3) Slave timeout from the point of view of masters (REPLCONF ACK pings).
#
# It is important to make sure that this value is greater than the value
# specified for repl-ping-slave-period otherwise a timeout will be detected
# every time there is low traffic between the master and the slave.
# 这个值一定要比 repl-ping-slave-period 大
#
# repl-timeout 60
 
# Disable TCP_NODELAY on the slave socket after SYNC?
#
# If you select "yes" Redis will use a smaller number of TCP packets and
# less bandwidth to send data to slaves. But this can add a delay for
# the data to appear on the slave side, up to 40 milliseconds with
# Linux kernels using a default configuration.
#
# If you select "no" the delay for data to appear on the slave side will
# be reduced but more bandwidth will be used for replication.
#
# By default we optimize for low latency, but in very high traffic conditions
# or when the master and slaves are many hops away, turning this to "yes" may
# be a good idea.
repl-disable-tcp-nodelay no
 
# 设置主从复制容量大小。这个 backlog 是一个用来在 slaves 被断开连接时
# 存放 slave 数据的 buffer，所以当一个 slave 想要重新连接，通常不希望全部重新同步，
# 只是部分同步就够了，仅仅传递 slave 在断开连接时丢失的这部分数据。
#
# The biggest the replication backlog, the longer the time the slave can be
# disconnected and later be able to perform a partial resynchronization.
# 这个值越大，salve 可以断开连接的时间就越长。
#
# The backlog is only allocated once there is at least a slave connected.
#
# repl-backlog-size 1mb
 
# After a master has no longer connected slaves for some time, the backlog
# will be freed. The following option configures the amount of seconds that
# need to elapse, starting from the time the last slave disconnected, for
# the backlog buffer to be freed.
# 在某些时候，master 不再连接 slaves，backlog 将被释放。
#
# A value of 0 means to never release the backlog.
# 如果设置为 0 ，意味着绝不释放 backlog 。
#
# repl-backlog-ttl 3600
 
# 当 master 不能正常工作的时候，Redis Sentinel 会从 slaves 中选出一个新的 master，
# 这个值越小，就越会被优先选中，但是如果是 0 ， 那是意味着这个 slave 不可能被选中。
#
# 默认优先级为 100。
slave-priority 100
 
# It is possible for a master to stop accepting writes if there are less than
# N slaves connected, having a lag less or equal than M seconds.
#
# The N slaves need to be in "online" state.
#
# The lag in seconds, that must be <= the specified value, is calculated from
# the last ping received from the slave, that is usually sent every second.
#
# This option does not GUARANTEES that N replicas will accept the write, but
# will limit the window of exposure for lost writes in case not enough slaves
# are available, to the specified number of seconds.
#
# For example to require at least 3 slaves with a lag <= 10 seconds use:
#
# min-slaves-to-write 3
# min-slaves-max-lag 10
#
# Setting one or the other to 0 disables the feature.
#
# By default min-slaves-to-write is set to 0 (feature disabled) and
# min-slaves-max-lag is set to 10.
 
################################## 安全 ###################################
 
# Require clients to issue AUTH <PASSWORD> before processing any other
# commands.  This might be useful in environments in which you do not trust
# others with access to the host running redis-server.
#
# This should stay commented out for backward compatibility and because most
# people do not need auth (e.g. they run their own servers).
# 
# Warning: since Redis is pretty fast an outside user can try up to
# 150k passwords per second against a good box. This means that you should
# use a very strong password otherwise it will be very easy to break.
# 
# 设置认证密码
# requirepass foobared
 
# Command renaming.
#
# It is possible to change the name of dangerous commands in a shared
# environment. For instance the CONFIG command may be renamed into something
# hard to guess so that it will still be available for internal-use tools
# but not available for general clients.
#
# Example:
#
# rename-command CONFIG b840fc02d524045429941cc15f59e41cb7be6c52
#
# It is also possible to completely kill a command by renaming it into
# an empty string:
#
# rename-command CONFIG ""
#
# Please note that changing the name of commands that are logged into the
# AOF file or transmitted to slaves may cause problems.
 
################################### 限制 ####################################
 
# Set the max number of connected clients at the same time. By default
# this limit is set to 10000 clients, however if the Redis server is not
# able to configure the process file limit to allow for the specified limit
# the max number of allowed clients is set to the current file limit
# minus 32 (as Redis reserves a few file descriptors for internal uses).
#
# 一旦达到最大限制，redis 将关闭所有的新连接
# 并发送一个‘max number of clients reached’的错误。
#
# maxclients 10000
 
# 如果你设置了这个值，当缓存的数据容量达到这个值， redis 将根据你选择的
# eviction 策略来移除一些 keys。
#
# 如果 redis 不能根据策略移除 keys ，或者是策略被设置为 ‘noeviction’，
# redis 将开始响应错误给命令，如 set，lpush 等等，
# 并继续响应只读的命令，如 get
#
# This option is usually useful when using Redis as an LRU cache, or to set
# a hard memory limit for an instance (using the 'noeviction' policy).
#
# WARNING: If you have slaves attached to an instance with maxmemory on,
# the size of the output buffers needed to feed the slaves are subtracted
# from the used memory count, so that network problems / resyncs will
# not trigger a loop where keys are evicted, and in turn the output
# buffer of slaves is full with DELs of keys evicted triggering the deletion
# of more keys, and so forth until the database is completely emptied.
#
# In short... if you have slaves attached it is suggested that you set a lower
# limit for maxmemory so that there is some free RAM on the system for slave
# output buffers (but this is not needed if the policy is 'noeviction').
#
# 最大使用内存
# maxmemory <bytes>
 
# 最大内存策略，你有 5 个选择。
# 
# volatile-lru -> remove the key with an expire set using an LRU algorithm
# volatile-lru -> 使用 LRU 算法移除包含过期设置的 key 。
# allkeys-lru -> remove any key accordingly to the LRU algorithm
# allkeys-lru -> 根据 LRU 算法移除所有的 key 。
# volatile-random -> remove a random key with an expire set
# allkeys-random -> remove a random key, any key
# volatile-ttl -> remove the key with the nearest expire time (minor TTL)
# noeviction -> don't expire at all, just return an error on write operations
# noeviction -> 不让任何 key 过期，只是给写入操作返回一个错误
# 
# Note: with any of the above policies, Redis will return an error on write
#       operations, when there are not suitable keys for eviction.
#
#       At the date of writing this commands are: set setnx setex append
#       incr decr rpush lpush rpushx lpushx linsert lset rpoplpush sadd
#       sinter sinterstore sunion sunionstore sdiff sdiffstore zadd zincrby
#       zunionstore zinterstore hset hsetnx hmset hincrby incrby decrby
#       getset mset msetnx exec sort
#
# The default is:
#
# maxmemory-policy noeviction
 
# LRU and minimal TTL algorithms are not precise algorithms but approximated
# algorithms (in order to save memory), so you can tune it for speed or
# accuracy. For default Redis will check five keys and pick the one that was
# used less recently, you can change the sample size using the following
# configuration directive.
#
# The default of 5 produces good enough results. 10 Approximates very closely
# true LRU but costs a bit more CPU. 3 is very fast but not very accurate.
#
# maxmemory-samples 5
 
############################## APPEND ONLY MODE ###############################
 
# By default Redis asynchronously dumps the dataset on disk. This mode is
# good enough in many applications, but an issue with the Redis process or
# a power outage may result into a few minutes of writes lost (depending on
# the configured save points).
#
# The Append Only File is an alternative persistence mode that provides
# much better durability. For instance using the default data fsync policy
# (see later in the config file) Redis can lose just one second of writes in a
# dramatic event like a server power outage, or a single write if something
# wrong with the Redis process itself happens, but the operating system is
# still running correctly.
#
# AOF and RDB persistence can be enabled at the same time without problems.
# If the AOF is enabled on startup Redis will load the AOF, that is the file
# with the better durability guarantees.
#
# Please check http://redis.io/topics/persistence for more information.
 
appendonly no
 
# The name of the append only file (default: "appendonly.aof")
 
appendfilename "appendonly.aof"
 
# The fsync() call tells the Operating System to actually write data on disk
# instead to wait for more data in the output buffer. Some OS will really flush 
# data on disk, some other OS will just try to do it ASAP.
#
# Redis supports three different modes:
#
# no: don't fsync, just let the OS flush the data when it wants. Faster.
# always: fsync after every write to the append only log . Slow, Safest.
# everysec: fsync only one time every second. Compromise.
#
# The default is "everysec", as that's usually the right compromise between
# speed and data safety. It's up to you to understand if you can relax this to
# "no" that will let the operating system flush the output buffer when
# it wants, for better performances (but if you can live with the idea of
# some data loss consider the default persistence mode that's snapshotting),
# or on the contrary, use "always" that's very slow but a bit safer than
# everysec.
#
# More details please check the following article:
# http://antirez.com/post/redis-persistence-demystified.html
#
# If unsure, use "everysec".
 
# appendfsync always
appendfsync everysec
# appendfsync no
 
# When the AOF fsync policy is set to always or everysec, and a background
# saving process (a background save or AOF log background rewriting) is
# performing a lot of I/O against the disk, in some Linux configurations
# Redis may block too long on the fsync() call. Note that there is no fix for
# this currently, as even performing fsync in a different thread will block
# our synchronous write(2) call.
#
# In order to mitigate this problem it's possible to use the following option
# that will prevent fsync() from being called in the main process while a
# BGSAVE or BGREWRITEAOF is in progress.
#
# This means that while another child is saving, the durability of Redis is
# the same as "appendfsync none". In practical terms, this means that it is
# possible to lose up to 30 seconds of log in the worst scenario (with the
# default Linux settings).
# 
# If you have latency problems turn this to "yes". Otherwise leave it as
# "no" that is the safest pick from the point of view of durability.
 
no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no
 
# Automatic rewrite of the append only file.
# Redis is able to automatically rewrite the log file implicitly calling
# BGREWRITEAOF when the AOF log size grows by the specified percentage.
# 
# This is how it works: Redis remembers the size of the AOF file after the
# latest rewrite (if no rewrite has happened since the restart, the size of
# the AOF at startup is used).
#
# This base size is compared to the current size. If the current size is
# bigger than the specified percentage, the rewrite is triggered. Also
# you need to specify a minimal size for the AOF file to be rewritten, this
# is useful to avoid rewriting the AOF file even if the percentage increase
# is reached but it is still pretty small.
#
# Specify a percentage of zero in order to disable the automatic AOF
# rewrite feature.
 
auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100
auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb
 
################################ LUA SCRIPTING  ###############################
 
# Max execution time of a Lua script in milliseconds.
#
# If the maximum execution time is reached Redis will log that a script is
# still in execution after the maximum allowed time and will start to
# reply to queries with an error.
#
# When a long running script exceed the maximum execution time only the
# SCRIPT KILL and SHUTDOWN NOSAVE commands are available. The first can be
# used to stop a script that did not yet called write commands. The second
# is the only way to shut down the server in the case a write commands was
# already issue by the script but the user don't want to wait for the natural
# termination of the script.
#
# Set it to 0 or a negative value for unlimited execution without warnings.
lua-time-limit 5000
 
################################ REDIS 集群  ###############################
#
# 启用或停用集群
# cluster-enabled yes
 
# Every cluster node has a cluster configuration file. This file is not
# intended to be edited by hand. It is created and updated by Redis nodes.
# Every Redis Cluster node requires a different cluster configuration file.
# Make sure that instances running in the same system does not have
# overlapping cluster configuration file names.
#
# cluster-config-file nodes-6379.conf
 
# Cluster node timeout is the amount of milliseconds a node must be unreachable 
# for it to be considered in failure state.
# Most other internal time limits are multiple of the node timeout.
#
# cluster-node-timeout 15000
 
# A slave of a failing master will avoid to start a failover if its data
# looks too old.
#
# There is no simple way for a slave to actually have a exact measure of
# its "data age", so the following two checks are performed:
#
# 1) If there are multiple slaves able to failover, they exchange messages
#    in order to try to give an advantage to the slave with the best
#    replication offset (more data from the master processed).
#    Slaves will try to get their rank by offset, and apply to the start
#    of the failover a delay proportional to their rank.
#
# 2) Every single slave computes the time of the last interaction with
#    its master. This can be the last ping or command received (if the master
#    is still in the "connected" state), or the time that elapsed since the
#    disconnection with the master (if the replication link is currently down).
#    If the last interaction is too old, the slave will not try to failover
#    at all.
#
# The point "2" can be tuned by user. Specifically a slave will not perform
# the failover if, since the last interaction with the master, the time
# elapsed is greater than:
#
#   (node-timeout * slave-validity-factor) + repl-ping-slave-period
#
# So for example if node-timeout is 30 seconds, and the slave-validity-factor
# is 10, and assuming a default repl-ping-slave-period of 10 seconds, the
# slave will not try to failover if it was not able to talk with the master
# for longer than 310 seconds.
#
# A large slave-validity-factor may allow slaves with too old data to failover
# a master, while a too small value may prevent the cluster from being able to
# elect a slave at all.
#
# For maximum availability, it is possible to set the slave-validity-factor
# to a value of 0, which means, that slaves will always try to failover the
# master regardless of the last time they interacted with the master.
# (However they'll always try to apply a delay proportional to their
# offset rank).
#
# Zero is the only value able to guarantee that when all the partitions heal
# the cluster will always be able to continue.
#
# cluster-slave-validity-factor 10
 
# Cluster slaves are able to migrate to orphaned masters, that are masters
# that are left without working slaves. This improves the cluster ability
# to resist to failures as otherwise an orphaned master can't be failed over
# in case of failure if it has no working slaves.
#
# Slaves migrate to orphaned masters only if there are still at least a
# given number of other working slaves for their old master. This number
# is the "migration barrier". A migration barrier of 1 means that a slave
# will migrate only if there is at least 1 other working slave for its master
# and so forth. It usually reflects the number of slaves you want for every
# master in your cluster.
#
# Default is 1 (slaves migrate only if their masters remain with at least
# one slave). To disable migration just set it to a very large value.
# A value of 0 can be set but is useful only for debugging and dangerous
# in production.
#
# cluster-migration-barrier 1
 
# In order to setup your cluster make sure to read the documentation
# available at http://redis.io web site.
 
################################## SLOW LOG ###################################
 
# The Redis Slow Log is a system to log queries that exceeded a specified
# execution time. The execution time does not include the I/O operations
# like talking with the client, sending the reply and so forth,
# but just the time needed to actually execute the command (this is the only
# stage of command execution where the thread is blocked and can not serve
# other requests in the meantime).
# 
# You can configure the slow log with two parameters: one tells Redis
# what is the execution time, in microseconds, to exceed in order for the
# command to get logged, and the other parameter is the length of the
# slow log. When a new command is logged the oldest one is removed from the
# queue of logged commands.
 
# The following time is expressed in microseconds, so 1000000 is equivalent
# to one second. Note that a negative number disables the slow log, while
# a value of zero forces the logging of every command.
slowlog-log-slower-than 10000
 
# There is no limit to this length. Just be aware that it will consume memory.
# You can reclaim memory used by the slow log with SLOWLOG RESET.
slowlog-max-len 128
 
############################# Event notification ##############################
 
# Redis can notify Pub/Sub clients about events happening in the key space.
# This feature is documented at http://redis.io/topics/keyspace-events
# 
# For instance if keyspace events notification is enabled, and a client
# performs a DEL operation on key "foo" stored in the Database 0, two
# messages will be published via Pub/Sub:
#
# PUBLISH __keyspace@0__:foo del
# PUBLISH __keyevent@0__:del foo
#
# It is possible to select the events that Redis will notify among a set
# of classes. Every class is identified by a single character:
#
#  K     Keyspace events, published with __keyspace@<db>__ prefix.
#  E     Keyevent events, published with __keyevent@<db>__ prefix.
#  g     Generic commands (non-type specific) like DEL, EXPIRE, RENAME, ...
#  $     String commands
#  l     List commands
#  s     Set commands
#  h     Hash commands
#  z     Sorted set commands
#  x     Expired events (events generated every time a key expires)
#  e     Evicted events (events generated when a key is evicted for maxmemory)
#  A     Alias for g$lshzxe, so that the "AKE" string means all the events.
#
#  The "notify-keyspace-events" takes as argument a string that is composed
#  by zero or multiple characters. The empty string means that notifications
#  are disabled at all.
#
#  Example: to enable list and generic events, from the point of view of the
#           event name, use:
#
#  notify-keyspace-events Elg
#
#  Example 2: to get the stream of the expired keys subscribing to channel
#             name __keyevent@0__:expired use:
#
#  notify-keyspace-events Ex
#
#  By default all notifications are disabled because most users don't need
#  this feature and the feature has some overhead. Note that if you don't
#  specify at least one of K or E, no events will be delivered.
notify-keyspace-events ""
 
############################### ADVANCED CONFIG ###############################
 
# Hashes are encoded using a memory efficient data structure when they have a
# small number of entries, and the biggest entry does not exceed a given
# threshold. These thresholds can be configured using the following directives.
hash-max-ziplist-entries 512
hash-max-ziplist-value 64
 
# Similarly to hashes, small lists are also encoded in a special way in order
# to save a lot of space. The special representation is only used when
# you are under the following limits:
list-max-ziplist-entries 512
list-max-ziplist-value 64
 
# Sets have a special encoding in just one case: when a set is composed
# of just strings that happens to be integers in radix 10 in the range
# of 64 bit signed integers.
# The following configuration setting sets the limit in the size of the
# set in order to use this special memory saving encoding.
set-max-intset-entries 512
 
# Similarly to hashes and lists, sorted sets are also specially encoded in
# order to save a lot of space. This encoding is only used when the length and
# elements of a sorted set are below the following limits:
zset-max-ziplist-entries 128
zset-max-ziplist-value 64
 
# HyperLogLog sparse representation bytes limit. The limit includes the
# 16 bytes header. When an HyperLogLog using the sparse representation crosses
# this limit, it is converted into the dense representation.
#
# A value greater than 16000 is totally useless, since at that point the
# dense representation is more memory efficient.
# 
# The suggested value is ~ 3000 in order to have the benefits of
# the space efficient encoding without slowing down too much PFADD,
# which is O(N) with the sparse encoding. The value can be raised to
# ~ 10000 when CPU is not a concern, but space is, and the data set is
# composed of many HyperLogLogs with cardinality in the 0 - 15000 range.
hll-sparse-max-bytes 3000
 
# Active rehashing uses 1 millisecond every 100 milliseconds of CPU time in
# order to help rehashing the main Redis hash table (the one mapping top-level
# keys to values). The hash table implementation Redis uses (see dict.c)
# performs a lazy rehashing: the more operation you run into a hash table
# that is rehashing, the more rehashing "steps" are performed, so if the
# server is idle the rehashing is never complete and some more memory is used
# by the hash table.
# 
# The default is to use this millisecond 10 times every second in order to
# active rehashing the main dictionaries, freeing memory when possible.
#
# If unsure:
# use "activerehashing no" if you have hard latency requirements and it is
# not a good thing in your environment that Redis can reply form time to time
# to queries with 2 milliseconds delay.
#
# use "activerehashing yes" if you don't have such hard requirements but
# want to free memory asap when possible.
activerehashing yes
 
# The client output buffer limits can be used to force disconnection of clients
# that are not reading data from the server fast enough for some reason (a
# common reason is that a Pub/Sub client can't consume messages as fast as the
# publisher can produce them).
#
# The limit can be set differently for the three different classes of clients:
#
# normal -> normal clients
# slave  -> slave clients and MONITOR clients
# pubsub -> clients subscribed to at least one pubsub channel or pattern
#
# The syntax of every client-output-buffer-limit directive is the following:
#
# client-output-buffer-limit <class> <hard limit> <soft limit> <soft seconds>
#
# A client is immediately disconnected once the hard limit is reached, or if
# the soft limit is reached and remains reached for the specified number of
# seconds (continuously).
# So for instance if the hard limit is 32 megabytes and the soft limit is
# 16 megabytes / 10 seconds, the client will get disconnected immediately
# if the size of the output buffers reach 32 megabytes, but will also get
# disconnected if the client reaches 16 megabytes and continuously overcomes
# the limit for 10 seconds.
#
# By default normal clients are not limited because they don't receive data
# without asking (in a push way), but just after a request, so only
# asynchronous clients may create a scenario where data is requested faster
# than it can read.
#
# Instead there is a default limit for pubsub and slave clients, since
# subscribers and slaves receive data in a push fashion.
#
# Both the hard or the soft limit can be disabled by setting them to zero.
client-output-buffer-limit normal 0 0 0
client-output-buffer-limit slave 256mb 64mb 60
client-output-buffer-limit pubsub 32mb 8mb 60
 
# Redis calls an internal function to perform many background tasks, like
# closing connections of clients in timeout, purging expired keys that are
# never requested, and so forth.
#
# Not all tasks are performed with the same frequency, but Redis checks for
# tasks to perform accordingly to the specified "hz" value.
#
# By default "hz" is set to 10. Raising the value will use more CPU when
# Redis is idle, but at the same time will make Redis more responsive when
# there are many keys expiring at the same time, and timeouts may be
# handled with more precision.
#
# The range is between 1 and 500, however a value over 100 is usually not
# a good idea. Most users should use the default of 10 and raise this up to
# 100 only in environments where very low latency is required.
hz 10
 
# When a child rewrites the AOF file, if the following option is enabled
# the file will be fsync-ed every 32 MB of data generated. This is useful
# in order to commit the file to the disk more incrementally and avoid
# big latency spikes.
aof-rewrite-incremental-fsync yes

redis 目录下的内容：

3. 创建容器

docker run -d \
--name c_redis \
-p 6379:6379 \
--privileged=true \
--restart always \
-v /root/redis/redis.conf:/etc/redis/redis.conf \
-v /root/redis/data:/data redis:6.0 redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf \
--appendonly yes 

4. 测试redis