python快速实现2048小游戏

news2024/11/13 15:17:22

《2048》是一款比较流行的数字游戏，最早于2014年3月20日发行。原版2048首先在GitHub上发布，原作者是Gabriele Cirulli，后被移植到各个平台。这款游戏是基于《1024》和《小3传奇》的玩法开发而成的新型数字游戏。

操作指南：

每次可以选择上下左右其中一个方向去滑动，每滑动一次，所有的数字方块都会往滑动的方向靠拢外，系统也会在空白的地方乱数出现一个数字方块，相同数字的方块在靠拢、相撞时会相加。不断的叠加最终拼凑出2048这个数字就算成功。

游戏技巧：

最大数尽可能放在角落。
数字按顺序紧邻排列。
首先满足最大数和次大数在的那一列/行是满的。
时刻注意活动较大数（32以上）旁边要有相近的数。
以大数所在的一行为主要移动方向
不要急于“清理桌面”。

完整代码如下：

logic.py

import random
import constants as c



def new_game(n):
    matrix = []
    for i in range(n):
        matrix.append([0] * n)
    matrix = add_two(matrix)
    matrix = add_two(matrix)
    return matrix



def add_two(mat):
    a = random.randint(0, len(mat)-1)
    b = random.randint(0, len(mat)-1)
    while mat[a][b] != 0:
        a = random.randint(0, len(mat)-1)
        b = random.randint(0, len(mat)-1)
    mat[a][b] = 2
    return mat



def game_state(mat):
    # check for win cell
    for i in range(len(mat)):
        for j in range(len(mat[0])):
            if mat[i][j] == 2048:
                return 'win'
    # check for any zero entries
    for i in range(len(mat)):
        for j in range(len(mat[0])):
            if mat[i][j] == 0:
                return 'not over'
    # check for same cells that touch each other
    for i in range(len(mat)-1):
        # intentionally reduced to check the row on the right and below
        # more elegant to use exceptions but most likely this will be their solution
        for j in range(len(mat[0])-1):
            if mat[i][j] == mat[i+1][j] or mat[i][j+1] == mat[i][j]:
                return 'not over'
    for k in range(len(mat)-1):  # to check the left/right entries on the last row
        if mat[len(mat)-1][k] == mat[len(mat)-1][k+1]:
            return 'not over'
    for j in range(len(mat)-1):  # check up/down entries on last column
        if mat[j][len(mat)-1] == mat[j+1][len(mat)-1]:
            return 'not over'
    return 'lose'



def reverse(mat):
    new = []
    for i in range(len(mat)):
        new.append([])
        for j in range(len(mat[0])):
            new[i].append(mat[i][len(mat[0])-j-1])
    return new



def transpose(mat):
    new = []
    for i in range(len(mat[0])):
        new.append([])
        for j in range(len(mat)):
            new[i].append(mat[j][i])
    return new



def cover_up(mat):
    new = []
    for j in range(c.GRID_LEN):
        partial_new = []
        for i in range(c.GRID_LEN):
            partial_new.append(0)
        new.append(partial_new)
    done = False
    for i in range(c.GRID_LEN):
        count = 0
        for j in range(c.GRID_LEN):
            if mat[i][j] != 0:
                new[i][count] = mat[i][j]
                if j != count:
                    done = True
                count += 1
    return new, done

def merge(mat, done):
    for i in range(c.GRID_LEN):
        for j in range(c.GRID_LEN-1):
            if mat[i][j] == mat[i][j+1] and mat[i][j] != 0:
                mat[i][j] *= 2
                mat[i][j+1] = 0
                done = True
    return mat, done

def up(game):
    print("up")
    # return matrix after shifting up
    game = transpose(game)
    game, done = cover_up(game)
    game, done = merge(game, done)
    game = cover_up(game)[0]
    game = transpose(game)
    return game, done

def down(game):
    print("down")
    # return matrix after shifting down
    game = reverse(transpose(game))
    game, done = cover_up(game)
    game, done = merge(game, done)
    game = cover_up(game)[0]
    game = transpose(reverse(game))
    return game, done

def left(game):
    print("left")
    # return matrix after shifting left
    game, done = cover_up(game)
    game, done = merge(game, done)
    game = cover_up(game)[0]
    return game, done

def right(game):
    print("right")
    # return matrix after shifting right
    game = reverse(game)
    game, done = cover_up(game)
    game, done = merge(game, done)
    game = cover_up(game)[0]
    game = reverse(game)
    return game, done

constants.py

SIZE = 400
GRID_LEN = 4
GRID_PADDING = 10

BACKGROUND_COLOR_GAME = "#92877d"
BACKGROUND_COLOR_CELL_EMPTY = "#9e948a"

BACKGROUND_COLOR_DICT = {
2:      "#eee4da",
4:      "#ede0c8",
8:      "#f2b179",
16:     "#f59563",
32:     "#f67c5f",
64:     "#f65e3b",
128:    "#edcf72",
256:    "#edcc61",
512:    "#edc850",
1024:   "#edc53f",
2048:   "#edc22e",
4096:   "#eee4da",
8192:   "#edc22e",
16384:  "#f2b179",
32768:  "#f59563",
65536:  "#f67c5f",
}

CELL_COLOR_DICT = {
2:      "#776e65",
4:      "#776e65",
8:      "#f9f6f2",
16:     "#f9f6f2",
32:     "#f9f6f2",
64:     "#f9f6f2",
128:    "#f9f6f2",
256:    "#f9f6f2",
512:    "#f9f6f2",
1024:   "#f9f6f2",
2048:   "#f9f6f2",
4096:   "#776e65",
8192:   "#f9f6f2",
16384:  "#776e65",
32768:  "#776e65",
65536:  "#f9f6f2",
}

FONT = ("Verdana",40,"bold")

KEY_QUIT = "Escape"
KEY_BACK = "b"

KEY_UP = "Up"
KEY_DOWN = "Down"
KEY_LEFT = "Left"
KEY_RIGHT = "Right"

KEY_UP_ALT1 = "w"
KEY_DOWN_ALT1 = "s"
KEY_LEFT_ALT1 = "a"
KEY_RIGHT_ALT1 = "d"

KEY_UP_ALT2 = "i"
KEY_DOWN_ALT2 = "k"
KEY_LEFT_ALT2 = "j"
KEY_RIGHT_ALT2 = "l"

run.py

from tkinter import Frame, Label, CENTER
import random
import logic
import constants as c

def gen():
    return random.randint(0, c.GRID_LEN - 1)

class GameGrid(Frame):
    def __init__(self):
        Frame.__init__(self)

        self.grid()
        self.master.title('2048')
        self.master.bind("<Key>", self.key_down)

        self.commands = {
            c.KEY_UP: logic.up,
            c.KEY_DOWN: logic.down,
            c.KEY_LEFT: logic.left,
            c.KEY_RIGHT: logic.right,
            c.KEY_UP_ALT1: logic.up,
            c.KEY_DOWN_ALT1: logic.down,
            c.KEY_LEFT_ALT1: logic.left,
            c.KEY_RIGHT_ALT1: logic.right,
            c.KEY_UP_ALT2: logic.up,
            c.KEY_DOWN_ALT2: logic.down,
            c.KEY_LEFT_ALT2: logic.left,
            c.KEY_RIGHT_ALT2: logic.right,
        }

        self.grid_cells = []
        self.init_grid()
        self.matrix = logic.new_game(c.GRID_LEN)
        self.history_matrixs = []
        self.update_grid_cells()

        self.mainloop()

    def init_grid(self):
        background = Frame(self, bg=c.BACKGROUND_COLOR_GAME,width=c.SIZE, height=c.SIZE)
        background.grid()

        for i in range(c.GRID_LEN):
            grid_row = []
            for j in range(c.GRID_LEN):
                cell = Frame(
                    background,
                    bg=c.BACKGROUND_COLOR_CELL_EMPTY,
                    width=c.SIZE / c.GRID_LEN,
                    height=c.SIZE / c.GRID_LEN
                )
                cell.grid(
                    row=i,
                    column=j,
                    padx=c.GRID_PADDING,
                    pady=c.GRID_PADDING
                )
                t = Label(
                    master=cell,
                    text="",
                    bg=c.BACKGROUND_COLOR_CELL_EMPTY,
                    justify=CENTER,
                    font=c.FONT,
                    width=5,
                    height=2)
                t.grid()
                grid_row.append(t)
            self.grid_cells.append(grid_row)

    def update_grid_cells(self):
        for i in range(c.GRID_LEN):
            for j in range(c.GRID_LEN):
                new_number = self.matrix[i][j]
                if new_number == 0:
                    self.grid_cells[i][j].configure(text="",bg=c.BACKGROUND_COLOR_CELL_EMPTY)
                else:
                    self.grid_cells[i][j].configure(
                        text=str(new_number),
                        bg=c.BACKGROUND_COLOR_DICT[new_number],
                        fg=c.CELL_COLOR_DICT[new_number]
                    )
        self.update_idletasks()

    def key_down(self, event):
        key = event.keysym
        print(event)
        if key == c.KEY_QUIT: exit()
        if key == c.KEY_BACK and len(self.history_matrixs) > 1:
            self.matrix = self.history_matrixs.pop()
            self.update_grid_cells()
            print('back on step total step:', len(self.history_matrixs))
        elif key in self.commands:
            self.matrix, done = self.commands[key](self.matrix)
            if done:
                self.matrix = logic.add_two(self.matrix)
                # record last move
                self.history_matrixs.append(self.matrix)
                self.update_grid_cells()
                if logic.game_state(self.matrix) == 'win':
                    self.grid_cells[1][1].configure(text="You", bg=c.BACKGROUND_COLOR_CELL_EMPTY)
                    self.grid_cells[1][2].configure(text="Win!", bg=c.BACKGROUND_COLOR_CELL_EMPTY)
                if logic.game_state(self.matrix) == 'lose':
                    self.grid_cells[1][1].configure(text="You", bg=c.BACKGROUND_COLOR_CELL_EMPTY)
                    self.grid_cells[1][2].configure(text="Lose!", bg=c.BACKGROUND_COLOR_CELL_EMPTY)

    def generate_next(self):
        index = (gen(), gen())
        while self.matrix[index[0]][index[1]] != 0:
            index = (gen(), gen())
        self.matrix[index[0]][index[1]] = 2

game_grid = GameGrid()

操作方式：

方向键:上下左右

26键中的:WSAD

26键中的:IKJL

ESC键退出游戏，b键返回上一步

为增加游戏可玩性，此游戏最大叠加数为65536

运行结果如下所示：