Servlet 数据库访问

news2024/12/23 14:19:40

前言

测试数据

访问数据库

前言

Servlet 数据库访问之前，Java MySQL 连接设置相关驱动及配置。

测试数据

-- 创建表
CREATE TABLE `websites` (
`id` INT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` CHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '站点名称',
`url` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '网址',
`alexa` INT(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT 'Alexa 排名',
`country` CHAR(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '国家',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- 插入数据
INSERT INTO `websites` (`name`, `url`, `alexa`, `country`) VALUES
('Google', 'https://www.google.com/', 1, 'USA'),
('淘宝', 'https://www.taobao.com/', 13, 'CN'),
('q', 'http://www.runoob.com', 5892, ''),
('微博', 'http://weibo.com/', 20, 'CN'),
('Facebook', 'https://www.facebook.com/', 3, 'USA');

访问数据库

下面的实例演示了如何使用 Servlet 访问 RUNOOB 数据库。

package com.runoob.test;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.sql.*;

/**
* Servlet implementation class DatabaseAccess
*/
@WebServlet("/DatabaseAccess")
    public class DatabaseAccess extends HttpServlet {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
        // JDBC 驱动名及数据库 URL
        static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
        static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/RUNOOB";

        // 数据库的用户名与密码，需要根据自己的设置
        static final String USER = "root";
        static final String PASS = "123456";
        /**
* @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
*/
        public DatabaseAccess() {
            super();
            // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
        }


        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            Connection conn = null;
            Statement stmt = null;
            // 设置响应内容类型
            response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
            PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
            String title = "Servlet Mysql 测试";
            String docType = "<!DOCTYPE html>\n";
            out.println(docType +
                        "<html>\n" +
                        "<head><title>" + title + "</title></head>\n" +
                        "<body bgcolor=\"#f0f0f0\">\n" +
                        "<h1 align=\"center\">" + title + "</h1>\n");
            try{
                // 注册 JDBC 驱动器
                Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

                // 打开一个连接
                conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL,USER,PASS);

                // 执行 SQL 查询
                stmt = conn.createStatement();
                String sql;
                sql = "SELECT id, name, url FROM websites";
                ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);

                // 展开结果集数据库
                while(rs.next()){
                    // 通过字段检索
                    int id  = rs.getInt("id");
                    String name = rs.getString("name");
                    String url = rs.getString("url");

                    // 输出数据
                    out.println("ID: " + id);
                    out.println(", 站点名称: " + name);
                    out.println(", 站点 URL: " + url);
                    out.println("<br />");
                }
                out.println("</body></html>");

                // 完成后关闭
                rs.close();
                stmt.close();
                conn.close();
            } catch(SQLException se) {
                // 处理 JDBC 错误
                se.printStackTrace();
            } catch(Exception e) {
                // 处理 Class.forName 错误
                e.printStackTrace();
            }finally{
                // 最后是用于关闭资源的块
                try{
                    if(stmt!=null)
                        stmt.close();
                }catch(SQLException se2){
                }
                try{
                    if(conn!=null)
                        conn.close();
                        }catch(SQLException se){
                    se.printStackTrace();
                }
                }

                }

                    /**
                    * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
                    */
                    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
                    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                    doGet(request, response);
                }
                }

现在调用这个 Servlet，输入链接：http://localhost:8080/Tomcat部署的项目名/DatabaseAccess，将显示以下响应结果：