1、服务器动态上下线监听案例
1、需求
某分布式系统中,主节点可以有多台,可以动态上下线,任意一台客户端都能实时感知到主节点服务器的上下线。
2、需求分析
3、具体实现
(1)先在集群上创建/servers 节点
(2)在IDEA中创建包名:org.example.zkcase1
(3)服务端向Zookeeper注册代码
package org.example.zkcase1;
import org.apache.zookeeper.*;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* @ClassName DistributeServer
* @Description TODO
* @Author Zouhuiming
* @Date 2023/5/25 9:12
* @Version 1.0
*/
public class DistributeServer {
private String connectString="hadoop102:2181,hadoop103:2181,hadoop104:2181";
private int sessionTimeout=2000;
ZooKeeper zk=null;
private String parentNode="/servers";
//创建到zk的客户端连接
public void getConnect() throws IOException {
zk=new ZooKeeper(connectString, sessionTimeout, new Watcher() {
@Override
public void process(WatchedEvent watchedEvent) {
}
});
}
//注册服务器
public void registServer(String hostname) throws InterruptedException, KeeperException {
String create = zk.create(parentNode + "/servers", hostname.getBytes(), ZooDefs.Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.EPHEMERAL_SEQUENTIAL);
System.out.println(hostname+"is online"+create);
}
//业务功能
public void business(String hostname) throws InterruptedException {
System.out.println(hostname+" is working...");
Thread.sleep(Long.MAX_VALUE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, KeeperException {
//1、获取zk连接
DistributeServer server=new DistributeServer();
server.getConnect();
//2、利用zk连接注册服务器信息
server.registServer(args[0]);
//3、启动业务功能
server.business(args[0]);
}
}
(4)客户端代码
package org.example.zkcase1;
import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException;
import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @ClassName DistributeClient
* @Description TODO
* @Author Zouhuiming
* @Date 2023/5/25 9:23
* @Version 1.0
*/
public class DistributeClient {
private String connectionString="hadoop102:2181,hadoop103:2181,hadoop104:2181";
private int sessionTimeout=2000;
private ZooKeeper zk;
private String parentNode="/servers";
//创建到zk的客户端连接
public void getConnection() throws IOException {
zk=new ZooKeeper(connectionString, sessionTimeout, new Watcher() {
@Override
public void process(WatchedEvent watchedEvent) {
//再次启动监听
try {
getServerList();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} catch (KeeperException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
});
}
//获取服务器列表信息
public void getServerList() throws InterruptedException, KeeperException {
//1、获取服务器子节点信息,并且对父节点进行监听
List<String> children = zk.getChildren(parentNode, true);
//2、储存服务器信息列表
ArrayList<String> servers=new ArrayList<>();
//3、遍历所有节点,获取节点中的主机名称信息
for (String child : children) {
byte[] data = zk.getData(parentNode + "/" + child, false, null);
servers.add(new String(data));
}
//4、打印服务器列表信息
System.out.println(servers);
}
//业务功能
public void business() throws InterruptedException {
System.out.println("client is working...");
Thread.sleep(Long.MAX_VALUE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, KeeperException {
//1、获取zk连接
DistributeClient client=new DistributeClient();
client.getConnection();
//2、获取servers的子节点信息,从中获取服务器信息列表
client.getServerList();
//3、业务进程启动
client.business();
}
}
4、测试
(1)在Linux命令行上操作增加减少服务器
(a)启动 DistributeClient 客户端
(b)在 hadoop102 上 zk 的客户端/servers 目录上创建临时带序号节点
(c)观察IDEA控制台变化
(d)执行删除操作
(e)观察IDEA控制台变化
(2)在IDEA上操作增加和减少服务器
(a)启动 DistributeClient 客户端(如果已经启动过,不需要重启)
(b)启动 DistributeServer 服务
①点击 Edit Configurations…
②在弹出的窗口中(Program arguments)输入想启动的主机,例如,hadoop102
③回到 DistributeServer 的 main 方 法 , 右 键 , 在 弹 出 的 窗 口 中 点 击 Run“DistributeServer.main()
④观察 DistributeServer 控制台,提示 hadoop102 is working
⑤观察 DistributeClient 控制台,提示 hadoop102 已经上线
2、ZooKeeper 分布式锁案例
什么加做分布式锁呢?
比如说"进程 1"在使用该资源的时候,会先去获得锁,"进程 1"获得锁以后会对该资源保持独占,这样其他进程就无法访问该资源,"进程 1"用完该资源以后就将锁释放掉,让其他进程来获得锁,那么通过这个锁机制,我们就能保证了分布式系统中多个进程能够有序的访问该临界资源。那么我们把这个分布式环境下的这个锁叫作分布式锁。
2.1 原生 Zookeeper 实现分布式锁案例
1、分布式锁实现
package org.example.lock;
import org.apache.zookeeper.*;
import org.apache.zookeeper.data.Stat;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
/**
* @ClassName DistributedLock
* @Description TODO
* @Author Zouhuiming
* @Date 2023/5/25 14:51
* @Version 1.0
*/
public class DistributedLock {
//Zookeeper server列表
private String connectString="hadoop102:2181,hadoop103:2181,hadoop104:2181";
//超时时间
private int sessionTimeout=2000;
private ZooKeeper zk;
private String rootNode="locks";
private String subNode="seq-";
//当前client等待的子节点
private String waitPath;
//Zookeeper连接
private CountDownLatch connectLatch=new CountDownLatch(1);
//Zookeeper节点等待
private CountDownLatch waitLatch=new CountDownLatch(1);
//当前client创建的子节点
private String currentNode;
//和zk服务建立连接,并创建根节点
public DistributedLock() throws IOException, InterruptedException, KeeperException {
zk=new ZooKeeper(connectString, sessionTimeout, new Watcher() {
@Override
public void process(WatchedEvent watchedEvent) {
//连接建立时,打开latch,唤醒wait在该latch上的线程
if (watchedEvent.getState()==Event.KeeperState.SyncConnected){
try {
connectLatch.countDown();
} catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//发生了waitPath的删除事件
if (watchedEvent.getType()==Event.EventType.NodeDeleted&&watchedEvent.getPath().equals(waitPath)){
waitLatch.countDown();
}
}
});
//等待连接建立
connectLatch.await();
//获取根节点状态
Stat stat = zk.exists("/" + rootNode, false);
if (stat==null){
System.out.println("根节点不存在");
zk.create("/"+rootNode,new byte[0], ZooDefs.Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE,CreateMode.PERSISTENT);
}
}
//加锁方法
public void zkLock(){
try {
//在根节点下创建临时顺序节点,返回值为创建的节点路径
currentNode=zk.create("/"+rootNode+"/"+subNode,null,ZooDefs.Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE,CreateMode.EPHEMERAL_SEQUENTIAL);
//wait一会儿,让结果更加清晰一些
Thread.sleep(10);
//注意,没有必要监听"/locks"的子节点的变化情况
List<String> childrenNodes = zk.getChildren("/" + rootNode, false);
//列表中只有一个子节点,那肯定就是currentNode,说明client获得锁
if (childrenNodes.size()==1){
return;
}
else {
//对根节点下的所有临时顺序节点从小到大排序
Collections.sort(childrenNodes);
//当前节点名称
String thisNode = currentNode.substring(("/" + rootNode + "/").length());
int index = childrenNodes.indexOf(thisNode);
if (index==-1){
System.out.println("数据异常");
} else if (index==0) {
//index==0,说明thisNode在列表中最小,当前client获得锁
return;
}else {
//获得排名比current前一位的节点
this.waitPath="/"+rootNode+"/"+childrenNodes.get(index-1);
//在waitPath上注册监听器,当waitPath被删除时,Zookeeper会回调监听器的process方法
zk.getData(waitPath,true,new Stat());
//进入等待锁状态
waitLatch.await();
return;
}
}
} catch (KeeperException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
//解锁方法
public void zkUnlock(){
try {
zk.delete(this.currentNode,-1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} catch (KeeperException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
2、分布式锁测试
package org.example.lock;
import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* @ClassName DistributedLockTest
* @Description TODO
* @Author Zouhuiming
* @Date 2023/5/25 15:27
* @Version 1.0
*/
public class DistributedLockTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, KeeperException {
//创建分布式锁
final DistributedLock lock1=new DistributedLock();
final DistributedLock lock2=new DistributedLock();
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
//获取锁对象
try {
lock1.zkLock();
System.out.println("线程1获取锁");
Thread.sleep(5*1000);
lock1.zkUnlock();
System.out.println("线程1释放锁");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}).start();
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
//获取锁对象
try {
lock2.zkLock();
System.out.println("线程2获取锁");
Thread.sleep(5*1000);
lock2.zkUnlock();
System.out.println("线程2释放锁");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}).start();
}
}
(2)观察控制台变化
2.2 Curator框架实现分布式锁案例
1、原生的 Java API 开发存在的问题
(1)会话连接是异步的,需要自己去处理。比如使用 CountDownLatch
(2)Watch 需要重复注册,不然就不能生效
(3)开发的复杂性还是比较高的
(4)不支持多节点删除和创建。需要自己去递归
2、Curator 是一个专门解决分布式锁的框架,解决了原生 JavaAPI 开发分布式遇到的问题。
3、Curator 案例实操
(1)添加依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.curator</groupId>
<artifactId>curator-framework</artifactId>
<version>4.3.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.curator</groupId>
<artifactId>curator-recipes</artifactId>
<version>4.3.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.curator</groupId>
<artifactId>curator-client</artifactId>
<version>4.3.0</version>
</dependency>
(2)代码实现
package org.example.zkCase2;
import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFramework;
import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFrameworkFactory;
import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.locks.InterProcessLock;
import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.locks.InterProcessMutex;
import org.apache.curator.retry.ExponentialBackoffRetry;
/**
* @ClassName CuratorLockTest
* @Description TODO
* @Author Zouhuiming
* @Date 2023/5/25 15:52
* @Version 1.0
*/
public class CuratorLockTest {
private String rootNode="/locks";
//zookeeper server列表
private String connectString="hadoop102:2181,hadoop103:2181,hadoop104:2181";
//connection超时时间
private int connectionTimeOut=2000;
//session超时时间
private int sessionTimeOut=2000;
public static void main(String[] args) {
new CuratorLockTest().test();
}
//测试
private void test(){
//创建分布式锁1
final InterProcessLock lock1=new InterProcessMutex(getCuratorFramework(),rootNode);
//创建分布式锁2
final InterProcessLock lock2=new InterProcessMutex(getCuratorFramework(),rootNode);
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
//获取锁对象
try {
lock1.acquire();
System.out.println("线程1获取锁");
//测试锁重入
lock1.acquire();
System.out.println("线程1再次获取锁");
lock1.release();
System.out.println("线程1释放锁");
lock1.release();
System.out.println("线程1再次释放锁");
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}).start();
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
//获取锁对象
try {
lock2.acquire();
System.out.println("线程2获取锁");
//测试锁重入
lock2.acquire();
System.out.println("线程2再次获取锁");
lock2.release();
System.out.println("线程2释放锁");
lock2.release();
System.out.println("线程2再次释放锁");
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}).start();
}
//分布式锁初始化
private CuratorFramework getCuratorFramework() {
//重试策略,初始时间3秒,重试3次
ExponentialBackoffRetry policy = new ExponentialBackoffRetry(3000, 3);
//通过工厂创建Curator
CuratorFramework client= CuratorFrameworkFactory.builder()
.connectString(connectString)
.connectionTimeoutMs(connectionTimeOut)
.sessionTimeoutMs(sessionTimeOut)
.retryPolicy(policy)
.build();
//开启连接
client.start();
System.out.println("zookeeper 初始化完成...");
return client;
}
}
(3)观察控制台变化
3、企业面试真题
3.1 选举机制
半数机制·,超过半数的投票通过,即通过。
1、第一次启动选举机制:
投票过半数时,服务器id大的胜出
2、第二次启动选举规则:
(1)EPOCH大的直接胜出
(2)EPOCH相同,事务id大的胜出
(3)事务id相同,服务器id大的胜出
3.2 生产集群安装多少zk合适
安装奇数台。
生产经验:
- 10台服务器:3台zk
- 20台服务器:5台zk
- 100台服务器:11台zk
- 200台服务器:11台zk
服务器台数多:
(1)好处:提高可靠性
(2)坏处:提高通信延时
3.3 常用命令
ls、get、create、delete